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Chen H, Jia M, Yang S, Zou J, Xiao X. Umbilical cord cysts: Classification, diagnosis, prognosis, and pregnancy recommendations. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 164:823-829. [PMID: 37489030 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Umbilical cord cysts (UCCs)-cysts located in the umbilical cord that are derived from an abnormal embryonic development process-are typically an incidental discovery during prenatal ultrasound. It can be described as either a pseudocyst or a true UCC, which results from focal edema or degeneration of Wharton jelly or the remnants of embryonic development, respectively. Due to the relative rarity of the UCC, the clinical guidance of UCCs is not yet available. Herein, the aim of this paper is to discuss the classification, diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical management of UCCs through a literature review, in order to improve the understanding of UCCs among clinical obstetricians and pediatricians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingzhu Jia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuqi Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Krzyżanowski A, Kwiatek M, Gęca T, Stupak A, Kwaśniewska A. Modern Ultrasonography of the Umbilical Cord: Prenatal Diagnosis of Umbilical Cord Abnormalities and Assessement of Fetal Wellbeing. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3170-3180. [PMID: 31036798 PMCID: PMC6505057 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The umbilical cord is the only connection between the mother and the fetus, through which it is possible to transport respiratory gases, nutrients, and metabolites. Thanks to the umbilical cord, the fetus has also the ability to move, which is necessary for its proper psychomotor development. The correct structure and function of umbilical vessels and the entire umbilical cord determine the possibility of proper development and survival of the fetus. Umbilical cord anatomy should be assessed in the ultrasound examination in the first trimester. It is of vital importance to confirm the correct number of umbilical vessels and their intra-abdominal course, as well as carefully assessing the abdominal and placental insertion sites. In the latter half of pregnancy, the use of the Doppler imaging enables assessment of the function of the fetal-placental vessels, thus providing valuable information about the condition of the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Krzyżanowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Kwiatek
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gęca
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Stupak
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Kwaśniewska
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Luetić AT, Habek D, Tešanić DM. Allantoic cyst of the umbilical cord detected in the first trimester with good pregnancy outcome. CASE REPORTS IN PERINATAL MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/crpm-2017-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Allantoic cysts of the umbilical cord are embryological remnants of either the allantois or the omphalomesenteric duct. These cysts represent a rare ultrasound finding especially in the first trimester. Allantoic cysts can be associated with fetal malformations and chromosomal aberrations or are characterised by spontaneous resolution and good pregnancy outcome. Here we present a rare case of umbilical cord cyst detected by ultrasound in the first trimester with later resolution and favourable pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Tikvica Luetić
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Catholic University of Croatia , Clinical Hospital “Sveti Duh” , Ilica 242, Room 207 , 10 000 Zagreb , Croatia , Tel.: +385 91 3712 261
| | - Dubravko Habek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Catholic University of Croatia , Clinical Hospital “Sveti Duh” , Ilica 242, Room 207 , 10 000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Danka Mirić Tešanić
- Polyclinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology GynaeArs , Nikole Tomasica 11 , 10 000 Zagreb , Croatia
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