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Politis D, Konstantakou P, Bramis K, Alexandraki KI, Spyroglou A, Mastorakos G, Anastasiou I, Papaconstantinou I, Dimopoulos MA. Surgical Treatment of Solitary Metachronous Adrenal Metastasis from Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder. TOUCHREVIEWS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2023; 19:94-97. [PMID: 37313235 PMCID: PMC10258614 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2023.19.1.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Urothelial cancer is a common neoplasm and metastatic disease correlates with a poor prognosis. Isolated adrenal gland metastases of urothelial carcinoma are quite rare, and management options can decide a patient's prognosis. Herein we report the case of a 76-year-old man with a metachronous solitary adrenal metastasis from a bladder carcinoma, who underwent adrenalectomy as part of his treatment. Furthermore, we discuss the cases of solitary adrenal metastases of urothelial carcinoma available in the literature, to identify key features to direct appropriate treatment of this rare metastatic site of urothelial cancer and improve prognosis and survival. Still, further prospective studies are needed to design effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Politis
- Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Konstantakou
- Endocrinology Department, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Bramis
- Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Krystallenia I Alexandraki
- Endocrinology Department, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Ariadni Spyroglou
- Endocrinology Department, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Endocrinology Department, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Anastasiou
- First Department of Urology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papaconstantinou
- Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios A Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Acute Adrenal Hemorrhage as the Initial Manifestation of Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Cautionary Tale. Case Rep Oncol Med 2022; 2022:2864773. [PMID: 36329810 PMCID: PMC9626225 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2864773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenal gland metastatic disease is the most commonly occurring malignancy of the adrenal glands. Although metastatic disease is common, adrenal hemorrhage is a rare but potentially fatal manifestation of malignancy. The objectives of this case report are to highlight the unusual presentation of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma as spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage in a 64-year-old female who was otherwise asymptomatic. As well as to support the reasoning that metastatic disease should be considered as a differential in patients with this clinical presentation as this may have altered this fatal outcome.
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Choshi H, Watanabe M, Ujike H, Sato Y, Morito T, Sugimoto R, Kataoka K. Resected case of stage IV pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung with long-term survival. Surg Case Rep 2020; 6:106. [PMID: 32448928 PMCID: PMC7246230 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-020-00868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background No established treatments for pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma exist because of its rarity, and the prognosis is poorer than that of other non-small cell lung cancers. Case report We present a case of stage IV pleomorphic carcinoma; the patient was a 66-year-old male. He was referred to our hospital because of a right adrenal hemorrhage and a lung tumor. A systemic examination revealed that the lung tumor was a primary lung cancer and that the adrenal hemorrhage was due to a metastatic cancer. We performed an adrenalectomy and resection of the lung tumor and obtained a diagnosis of pleomorphic carcinoma with adrenal metastasis. The patient has remained recurrence-free for 6 years since the surgery. Conclusions We report a patient with stage IV pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung and an oligometastasis in whom a complete resection enabled a good outcome. Additional reports are needed to clarify definite prognostic factors and the optimal treatment for pleomorphic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Choshi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Iwakuni Clinical Center, 1-1-1 Atago-machi, Iwakuni-shi, Yamaguchi, 740-8510, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Watanabe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Iwakuni Clinical Center, 1-1-1 Atago-machi, Iwakuni-shi, Yamaguchi, 740-8510, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Ujike
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Iwakuni Clinical Center, 1-1-1 Atago-machi, Iwakuni-shi, Yamaguchi, 740-8510, Japan
| | - Yumiko Sato
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Iwakuni Clinical Center, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Morito
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Iwakuni Clinical Center, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ryujiro Sugimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitsukawa, Touon-shi, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kataoka
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Iwakuni Clinical Center, 1-1-1 Atago-machi, Iwakuni-shi, Yamaguchi, 740-8510, Japan
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Nazir S, Sivarajah S, Fiscus V, York E. Spontaneous idiopathic bilateral adrenal haemorrhage: a rare cause of abdominal pain. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:bcr-2016-215452. [PMID: 27166002 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-215452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a case of a 62-year-old woman with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease who presented to the emergency department with left lower quadrant abdominal pain, flank pain with nausea and no history of preceding trauma. The patient had finished a course of azithromycin and oral methylprednisolone 1 day prior to presentation. Abdominal and pelvic CT scan identified changes suggestive of bilateral adrenal haemorrhage. The patient did not show signs of acute adrenal insufficiency but was started on steroid replacement therapy because of concerns about possible disease progression. All recognised causes of adrenal haemorrhage were excluded suggesting this was a case of spontaneous idiopathic bilateral adrenal haemorrhage, a rarely reported phenomenon in the literature. The patient was discharged after clinical improvement following 6 days in hospital, taking oral steroid replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salik Nazir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reading Hospital and Medical Center, Reading, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Surendra Sivarajah
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Reading Hospital and Medical Center, Reading, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valena Fiscus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reading Hospital and Medical Center, Reading, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eugene York
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reading Hospital and Medical Center, Reading, Pennsylvania, USA
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Acute abdominal pain after intercourse: adrenal hemorrhage as the first sign of metastatic lung cancer. Case Rep Med 2014; 2014:612036. [PMID: 25126096 PMCID: PMC4122014 DOI: 10.1155/2014/612036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the adrenal glands are a common site of cancer metastases, they are often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on CT scan or autopsy. Spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage associated with metastatic lung cancer is an exceedingly rare phenomenon, and diagnosis can be difficult due to its nonspecific symptoms and ability to mimic other intra-abdominal pathologies. We report a case of a 65-year-old man with a history of right upper lobectomy seven months earlier for stage IB non-small cell lung cancer who presented with acute abdominal pain after intercourse. CT scan revealed a new right adrenal mass with surrounding hemorrhage, and subsequent FDG-PET scan confirmed new metabolic adrenal metastases. The patient's presentation of abdominal pain and adrenal hemorrhage immediately after sexual intercourse suggests that exertion, straining, or increased intra-abdominal pressure might be risk factors for precipitation of hemorrhage in patients with adrenal metastases. Management includes pain control and supportive treatment in mild cases, with arterial embolization or adrenalectomy being reserved for cases of severe hemorrhage.
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Adrenal artery embolization: anatomy, indications, and technical considerations. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013; 201:190-201. [PMID: 23789675 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.12.9507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to describe adrenal arterial anatomy and to discuss the indications, outcomes, and technical considerations of adrenal artery embolization. CONCLUSION Adrenal artery embolization can be used for management of adrenal tumors (palliative for pain relief, debulking, or hormone suppression) and treatment of acute bleeding from ruptured adrenal tumors, traumatic adrenal injury, and aneurysms. Variant arterial supplies, options for embolic agents, and potential complications are important considerations.
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Kishi K, Tamura S, Mabuchi Y, Sonomura T, Noda Y, Nakai M, Sato M, Ino K, Yamanaka N. Percutaneous interstitial brachytherapy for adrenal metastasis: technical report. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2012; 53:807-14. [PMID: 22843376 PMCID: PMC3430424 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We developed and evaluated the feasibility of a brachytherapy technique as a safe and effective treatment for adrenal metastasis. Adapting a paravertebral insertion technique in radiofrequency ablation of adrenal tumors, we developed an interstitial brachytherapy for adrenal metastasis achievable on an outpatient basis. Under local anesthesia and under X-ray CT guidance, brachytherapy applicator needles were percutaneously inserted into the target. A treatment plan was created to eradicate the tumor while preserving normal organs including the spinal cord and kidney. We applied this interstitial brachytherapy technique to two patients: one who developed adrenal metastasis as the third recurrence of uterine cervical cancer after reirradiation, and one who developed metachronous multiple metastases from malignant melanoma. The whole procedure was completed in 2.5 hours. There were no procedure-related or radiation-related early/late complications. FDG PET-CT images at two and three months after treatment showed absence of FDG uptake, and no recurrence of the adrenal tumor was observed for over seven months until expiration, and for six months until the present, respectively. This interventional interstitial brachytherapy procedure may be useful as a safe and eradicative treatment for adrenal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Kishi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, 641-8510 Japan.
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