1
|
Peluso F, Palazzo V, Indolfi G, Mari F, Pasqualetti R, Procopio E, Nesti C, Guerrini R, Santorelli F, Giglio S. Leopard-like retinopathy and severe early-onset portal hypertension expand the phenotype of KARS1-related syndrome: a case report. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:25. [PMID: 33478492 PMCID: PMC7818779 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00863-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in lysyl-tRNA synthetase (KARS1), an enzyme that charges tRNA with the amino acid lysine in both the cytoplasm and mitochondria, have been associated thus far with autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth type CMTRIB, hearing loss type DFNB89, and mitochondrial encephalohepatopathy (MEH) featuring neurodevelopmental disorders with microcephaly, white matter changes, and cardiac and hepatic failure in less than 30 patients. CASE PRESENTATION We report the clinical, biochemical and molecular findings of a 14-month-old girl with severe MEH compatible clinical features, profound sensorineural hearing loss, leopard spot retinopathy, pancytopenia, and advanced liver disease with portal hypertension leading to death at the age of 30 months. CONCLUSIONS Whole exome sequencing identified two rare variants in KARS1 gene. Our report expands the allelic and clinical features of tRNA synthase disorders. Moreover, with our report we confirm the usefulness of WES as first tier diagnostic method in infants with complex multisystem phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviana Palazzo
- Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Indolfi
- Paediatric and Liver Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Mari
- Paediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Pasqualetti
- Paediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Procopio
- Metabolic and Muscular Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Nesti
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Paediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Giglio
- Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy. .,Sabrina Giglio MD, PhD Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Freitas JL, Rezende Filho FM, Sallum JM, França MC, Pedroso JL, Barsottini OG. Ophthalmological changes in hereditary spastic paraplegia and other genetic diseases with spastic paraplegia. J Neurol Sci 2020; 409:116620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.116620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
3
|
Wangtiraumnuay N, Alnabi WA, Tsukikawa M, Thau A, Capasso J, Sharony R, Inglehearn CF, Levin AV. Ophthalmic manifestations of Heimler syndrome due to PEX6 mutations. Ophthalmic Genet 2019; 39:384-390. [PMID: 29676688 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2018.1432063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Pigmentary retinal dystrophy and macular dystrophy have been previously reported in Heimler syndrome due to mutations in PEX1. Here we reported the ocular manifestations in Heimler syndrome due to mutations in PEX6. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records were reviewed to identify patient demographics, ophthalmic and systemic findings, and results of diagnostic testing including whole genome sequencing. RESULTS Patient 1 is 12-year-old boy with a novel mutation c.275T>G (p.Val92Gly) and known mutation c.1802G>A (p.Arg601Gln) in PEX6. Patient 2 is a 7-year-old girl with the same known c.1802G>A (p.Arg601Gln) mutation and another novel missense mutation c.296G>T (p.Arg99Leu). Both patients exhibited a pigmentary retinopathy. Visual acuity in patient 1 was 20/80 and 20/25 following treatment of intraretinal cystoid spaces with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, while patient 2 had visual acuity of 20/20 in both eyes without intraretinal cysts. Fundus autofluorescence showed a multitude of hyperfluorescent deposits in the paramacular area of both eyes. OCTs revealed significant depletion of photoreceptors in both patients and macular intraretinal cystoid spaces in one patient. Full field electroretinograms showed normal or abnormal photopic but normal scotopic responses. Multifocal electroretinograms were abnormal. CONCLUSIONS Heimler syndrome due to biallelic PEX6 mutations demonstrates a macular dystrophy with characteristic fundus autofluorescence and may be complicated by intraretinal cystoid spaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nutsuchar Wangtiraumnuay
- a Wills Eye Hospital , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Department of Ophthalmology , Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health , Bangkok , Thailand
| | | | - Mai Tsukikawa
- c Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Avrey Thau
- c Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | | | - Reuven Sharony
- d The Genetic Institute and Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Meir Medical Center affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Kfar Saba , Israel
| | - Chris F Inglehearn
- e Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
| | - Alex V Levin
- a Wills Eye Hospital , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,c Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jabbarpoor Bonyadi MH, Ownagh V, Rahimy E, Soheilian M. Giraffe or leopard spot chorioretinopathy as an outstanding finding: case report and literature review. Int Ophthalmol 2018; 39:1405-1412. [PMID: 29948498 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-018-0948-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Presentation of two typical cases with characteristic leopard retinopathy secondary to bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP) and idiopathic uveal effusion syndrome (IUES) and brief review of the literature about leopard spot retinopathy. CASE REPORT A 43-year-old women, who was a known case of ovarian carcinoma, referred with gradual bilateral visual loss. In ophthalmic examination, subretinal fluid, multiple patchy subretinal hyperpigmented lesions and leopard spot chorioretinopathy were evident in her both eyes. Fluorescein angiography showed multiple nummular hyperfluorescent lesions surrounded by zones of hypofluorescence. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography revealed increased retinal thickness, subretinal fluid and RPE irregularities in both eyes. Enhanced depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT) showed bilateral subfoveal choroidal thickening. During next 2-year follow-up, she underwent cataract surgery and later on developed neovascular glaucoma in her both eyes. The second case was a 45-year-old man who had developed decreased visual acuity in his left eye for 3 years. Anterior segment examination was unremarkable, and both eyes had normal intraocular pressure. No vitreous inflammation was observed. Fundoscopy revealed diffuse exudative retinal detachment in his left eye. Fluorescein angiography showed leopard spot retinopathy of posterior pole, and EDI-OCT disclosed subfoveal choroidal thickening. After exclusion of other causes of exudative retinal detachment and with diagnosis of IUES, he underwent intravitreal triamcinolone injection (2 mg) which improved his final vision to 20/40. CONCLUSION Leopard spot retinopathy is an uncommon but clinically distinct manifestation of various disorders. BDUMP may present with leopard spot retinopathy, anterior uveal tract involvement and neovascular glaucoma. As EDI-OCT showed involvement and increased thickening of choroid in both cases of BDUMP and IUES, it may be better to consider such cases as leopard chorioretinopathy and categorize these entities as a member of pachychoroid pigment retinopathy disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahid Ownagh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Paidarfard St., Pasdaran Ave., Tehran, 16666, Iran
| | - Ehsan Rahimy
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Masoud Soheilian
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Paidarfard St., Pasdaran Ave., Tehran, 16666, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
O'Bryhim BE, Kozel BA, Lueder GT. Novel retinal findings in peroxisomal biogenesis disorders. Ophthalmic Genet 2018; 39:377-379. [PMID: 29377746 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2018.1430241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomal biogenesis disorders are caused by disruption of long chain fatty acid metabolism due to mutations in PEX genes. Individuals with these disorders often have vision loss due to optic atrophy and pigmentary retinopathy. We report an unusual retinal manifestation of peroxisomal biogenesis disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B E O'Bryhim
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - B A Kozel
- b Department of Pediatrics , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA.,c National Institutes of Health , National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - G T Lueder
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , MO , USA.,d Department of Pediatrics , St. Louis Children's Hospital , St. Louis , MO , USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Daniela D'Agostino
- McGill University Department of Human Genetics and McGill University Health Center, Department of Medical Genetics, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nancy Braverman
- McGill University Department of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, and The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Iuliano L, Scotti F, Gagliardi M, Bianchi I, Pierro L. SD-OCT patterns of the different stages of choroidal metastases. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2012; 43 Online:e30-4. [PMID: 22421351 DOI: 10.3928/15428877-20120308-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A diagnosis of choroidal metastasis is based on the patient's clinical history, the tumor's ophthalmoscopic appearance, and instrumental imaging results such as ultrasonography, fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) has provided additional useful information for clinical diagnosis: a pattern of hyperintense irregular spots in the context of the photoreceptor layer and in the retinal pigment epithelium, subretinal fluid, and marked irregularity of the retinal pigment epithelium with thickening and gross undulation. The authors describe a case of bilateral choroidal metastasis presenting peculiar SD-OCT features acquired at different stages. They emphasize the central role of SD-OCT among instrumental imaging procedures and for final successful diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Iuliano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Florid polyclonal lymphoid follicular hyperplasia presenting as leopard spot retinopathy. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2009; 3:440-3. [PMID: 25389872 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0b013e318191623e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a case of leopard spot retinopathy associated with a systemic polyclonal lymphoproliferative disorder. Other described causes of this clinical finding are reviewed. METHODS Case report. A previously healthy 50-year-old white male presented with decreased vision. Examination showed leopard spot retinopathy. He underwent ophthalmic and body imaging, laboratory workup, and biopsy of a lymph node and lacrimal gland. RESULTS The workup revealed a systemic polyclonal lymphoproliferative disorder which involved the orbit, lymph nodes, pancreas, kidney, and choroid. CONCLUSION Leopard spot retinopathy is a clinical description associated with multiple etiologies. Choroidal infiltration related to a systemic polyclonal lymphoproliferative disorder is one cause.
Collapse
|
9
|
Robert MPA, Faure C, Reman O, Miocque S. Leopard spot retinopathy: an early clinical marker of leukaemia recurrence? Ann Hematol 2008; 87:927-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-008-0510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
10
|
Acar N, Gregoire S, Andre A, Juaneda P, Joffre C, Bron AM, Creuzot-Garcher CP, Bretillon L. Plasmalogens in the retina: In situ hybridization of dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase (DHAP-AT) – the first enzyme involved in their biosynthesis – and comparative study of retinal and retinal pigment epithelial lipid composition. Exp Eye Res 2007; 84:143-51. [PMID: 17081518 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Revised: 09/11/2006] [Accepted: 09/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plasmalogens (Pls) are phospholipids containing a vinyl-ether bond in the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone. The physiological role of Pls is still enigmatic, especially within the eye where their deficiency leads to developmental abnormalities. In order to learn more about the functions of Pls in the posterior eye, we evaluated retinal Pl content as well as the expression of the first enzyme involved in Pls biosynthesis, dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase (DHAP-AT) in the retina. In situ hybridization of DHAP-AT mRNA was performed on rat eye sections. The Pl contents of calf retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) samples were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography. DHAP-AT was highly expressed in the inner segment of photoreceptors and in the RPE, suggesting two distinct sites for Pl biosynthesis. Plasmenyl-ethanolamine was the prominent class of Pls in both neural retina and RPE (28-29% of the total phospho-ethanolamine-glycerides). According to the nature of the alkenyl residue linked to the sn-1 position of Pls, the most striking finding was the greater proportion of octadecanal-aldehyde in the sn-1 position of plasmenyl-ethanolamine of the neural retina compared to all the other classes of Pls in the neural retina and the RPE. These findings might be relevant to the biological functions of Pls against oxidative stress and in the formation of lipid rafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niyazi Acar
- National Institute for Research on Agronomy, UMR FLAVIC, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, and Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Dijon Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|