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Khochtali S, Ozdal P, AlBloushi AF, Nabi W, Khairallah M. Pediatric Pars Planitis: A Review. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023; 31:1915-1929. [PMID: 37976519 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2023.2279683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide an overview of pediatric pars planitis. METHODS Narrative literature review. RESULTS Pars planitis refers to the idiopathic subset of intermediate uveitis in which there is vitritis along with snowball or snowbank formation occurring in the absence of an associated infection or systemic disease. It is thought to be a T-cell mediated disease with a genetic predisposition. Pars planitis accounts for 5-26.7% of pediatric uveitis cases. Presentation is commonly bilateral but asymmetric, often with insidious onset of floaters and blurred vision. Although pars planitis is known to be a benign form of uveitis in most cases, severe complications secondary to chronic inflammation may arise, with cystoid macular edema being the most common cause of visual morbidity. Mild vitritis in the absence of symptoms, vision loss, or macular edema may be observed. Patients with severe vitritis and/or associated vision-threatening complications require prompt aggressive treatment. A stepladder approach including corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, anti‑tumor necrosis factor‑alpha and pars plana vitrectomy and/or laser photocoagulation is the most commonly used method for treatment of pars planitis. CONCLUSION Timely diagnosis and adequate treatment of pediatric pars planitis and associated complications are crucial in order to improve visual outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Khochtali
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Pinar Ozdal
- Service of Uveitis and Retinal Diseases, Ankara Ulucanlar Eye Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Abdulrahman F AlBloushi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wijdène Nabi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Khairallah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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2
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Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment in pediatric patients with pars planitis: a single-center experience from Turkey. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:155-166. [PMID: 35780435 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02398-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF-alpha) treatment (Adalimumab [ADA]) combined with immunomodulatory agents (IMAs) in the treatment of pars planitis (PP). METHODS The patients with PP who were treated with anti-TNF-alpha agents for at least six months were qualified for the chart review. The outcome parameters were the steroid-free remission state, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the central macular thickness (CMT) of the patients at the last visit. RESULTS After a mean total follow-up time of 15.5 ± 5.8 months (8-24 months), all the cases were in steroid-free remission at the last visit. The mean BCVA increased, and the mean CMT decreased significantly at the last visit (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION ADA combined with IMAs offers effective and safe treatment modalities in the control of chronic intraocular inflammation in PP cases.
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3
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Gunzinger J, Moore P, Athimalaipet R, Dick A. Adalimumab in the treatment of pediatric patients with chronic noninfectious anterior uveitis. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2021.1935240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Phoebe Moore
- Department of Uveitis, Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Ramanan Athimalaipet
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Upper Maudlin St, Bristol BS2 8BJ, University Hospitals Bristol NHs Foundation Trust & Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew Dick
- Bristol Eye Hospital, Institute of Ophthalmology and the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London, London, UK
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4
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Stolowy N, Zanin E, Comet A, Jurquet AL, Benso C, Matonti F, Retornaz K, Kaplanski G, Denis D. [Immunosuppressive therapy in severe or chronic pediatric uveitis: Review of the literature]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 44:252-258. [PMID: 33423814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressants are prescribed for pediatric uveitis in cases of severe involvement affecting the prognosis for vision or life, in cases of recurrent or chronic uveitis to achieve corticosteroid sparing, or in cases of corticosteroid resistance. Immunosuppressants used in children include antimetabolites (methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine), cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and biologics, including infliximab, adalimumab, anakinra, canakinumab, and tocilizumab. The mechanisms of action and indications of the various immunosuppressants are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Stolowy
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Nord, Marseille, France.
| | - E Zanin
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Nord, Marseille, France.
| | - A Comet
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Nord, Marseille, France.
| | - A-L Jurquet
- Service de pédiatrie, hôpital Nord, Marseille, France.
| | - C Benso
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Nord, Marseille, France.
| | - F Matonti
- Centre Monticelli Paradis d'Ophtalmologie, Marseille, France.
| | - K Retornaz
- Service de pédiatrie, hôpital Nord, Marseille, France.
| | - G Kaplanski
- Service de médecine interne, hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France.
| | - D Denis
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Nord, Marseille, France.
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5
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Maccora I, Fusco E, Marrani E, Ramanan AV, Simonini G. Changing evidence over time: updated meta-analysis regarding anti-TNF efficacy in childhood chronic uveitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 60:568-587. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To summarize evidence regarding efficacy of anti-TNFα in childhood chronic uveitis, refractory to common DMARDs.
Methods
An updated systematic search was conducted between November 2012 and January 2020. Studies investigating the efficacy of anti-TNFα therapy, in children of ages <16 years, as the first biologic treatment for childhood chronic uveitis, refractory to topical and/or systemic steroid and at least one DMARD were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome measure was the improvement of intraocular inflammation according to Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature Working Group criteria. A combined estimate of the proportion of children responding to etanercept (ETA), infliximab (INF), and adalimumab (ADA) was determined.
Results
We identified 1677 articles of which 37 articles were eligible. Three were randomized controlled trials, one on ETA and two on ADA, and were excluded from pooled analysis. From the observational studies, a total of 487 children were identified: 226 received ADA, 213 INF and 48 ETA. The proportion of responding children was 86% (95% CI: 76%, 95%) for ADA, 68% (95% CI: 50%, 85%) for INF and 36% (95% CI: 9%, 67%) for ETA. Pooled analysis showed clear differences (χ2 = 32.2, P < 0.0001): ADA and INF were both significantly superior to ETA (χ2 = 26.8, P < 0.0001, and χ2 = 7.41, P < 0.006, respectively), ADA significantly superior to INF (χ2 = 13.4, P < 0.0002).
Conclusion
This meta-analysis, consistent with recent randomized controlled trial data, suggests the efficacy of ADA and INF in childhood chronic uveitis treatment. However, ADA results were superior to those of INF in this clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Maccora
- Rheumatology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, School of Human Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Eleonora Fusco
- Rheumatology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, School of Human Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Edoardo Marrani
- Rheumatology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, School of Human Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Athimalaipet V Ramanan
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gabriele Simonini
- Rheumatology Unit, NEUROFARBA Department, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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6
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Ramanan AV, Dick AD, Jones AP, Hughes DA, McKay A, Rosala-Hallas A, Williamson PR, Hardwick B, Hickey H, Rainford N, Hickey G, Kolamunnage-Dona R, Culeddu G, Plumpton C, Wood E, Compeyrot-Lacassagne S, Woo P, Edelsten C, Beresford MW. Adalimumab in combination with methotrexate for refractory uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a RCT. Health Technol Assess 2020; 23:1-140. [PMID: 31033434 DOI: 10.3310/hta23150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are at risk of uveitis. The role of adalimumab (Humira®; AbbVie Inc., Ludwigshafen, Germany) in the management of uveitis in children needs to be determined. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of adalimumab in combination with methotrexate (MTX) versus placebo with MTX alone, with regard to controlling disease activity in refractory uveitis associated with JIA. DESIGN This was a randomised (applying a ratio of 2 : 1 in favour of adalimumab), double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre parallel-group trial with an integrated economic evaluation. A central web-based system used computer-generated tables to allocate treatments. A cost-utility analysis based on visual acuity was conducted and a 10-year extrapolation by Markov modelling was also carried out. SETTING The setting was tertiary care centres throughout the UK. PARTICIPANTS Patients aged 2-18 years inclusive, with persistently active JIA-associated uveitis (despite optimised MTX treatment for at least 12 weeks). INTERVENTIONS All participants received a stable dose of MTX and either adalimumab (20 mg/0.8 ml for patients weighing < 30 kg or 40 mg/0.8 ml for patients weighing ≥ 30 kg by subcutaneous injection every 2 weeks based on body weight) or a placebo (0.8 ml as appropriate according to body weight by subcutaneous injection every 2 weeks) for up to 18 months. A follow-up appointment was arranged at 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome - time to treatment failure [multicomponent score as defined by set criteria based on the Standardisation of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) criteria]. Economic outcome - incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained from the perspective of the NHS in England and Personal Social Services providers. Full details of secondary outcomes are provided in the study protocol. RESULTS A total of 90 participants were randomised (adalimumab, n = 60; placebo, n = 30). There were 14 (23%) treatment failures in the adalimumab group and 17 (57%) in the placebo group. The analysis of the data from the double-blind phase of the trial showed that the hazard risk (HR) of treatment failure was significantly reduced, by 75%, for participants in the adalimumab group (HR 0.25, 95% confidence interval 0.12 to 0.51; p < 0.0001 from log-rank test). The cost-effectiveness of adalimumab plus MTX was £129,025 per QALY gained. Adalimumab-treated participants had a much higher incidence of adverse and serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Adalimumab in combination with MTX is safe and effective in the management of JIA-associated uveitis. However, the likelihood of cost-effectiveness is < 1% at the £30,000-per-QALY threshold. FUTURE WORK A clinical trial is required to define the most effective time to stop therapy. Prognostic biomarkers of early and complete response should also be identified. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN10065623 and European Clinical Trials Database number 2010-021141-41. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 23, No. 15. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. This trial was also funded by Arthritis Research UK (grant reference number 19612). Two strengths of adalimumab (20 mg/0.8 ml and 40 mg/0.8 ml) and a matching placebo were manufactured by AbbVie Inc. (the Marketing Authorisation holder) and supplied in bulk to the contracted distributor (Sharp Clinical Services, Crickhowell, UK) for distribution to trial centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athimalaipet V Ramanan
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.,Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew D Dick
- Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, UK.,School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,University College London Institute of Ophthalmology and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Ashley P Jones
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dyfrig A Hughes
- Centre for Health Economics and Medicines Evaluation, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Andrew McKay
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anna Rosala-Hallas
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paula R Williamson
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ben Hardwick
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen Hickey
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Naomi Rainford
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Graeme Hickey
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ruwanthi Kolamunnage-Dona
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Giovanna Culeddu
- Centre for Health Economics and Medicines Evaluation, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Catrin Plumpton
- Centre for Health Economics and Medicines Evaluation, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Eifiona Wood
- Centre for Health Economics and Medicines Evaluation, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | | | | | | | - Michael W Beresford
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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7
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Jari M, Shiari R, Salehpour O, Rahmani K. Epidemiological and advanced therapeutic approaches to treatment of uveitis in pediatric rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:41. [PMID: 32019589 PMCID: PMC7001204 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-1324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the low prevalence of uveitis in pediatric rheumatic diseases, potential problems as well as high disease burden can complicate its management. In this review, we systematically assessed the epidemiological, etiological, and managerial aspects of uveitis in pediatric rheumatic diseases. Methods This current study was conducted in accordance with the established methods and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). We searched the manuscript databases, including Medline, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane for all eligible studies in line with the considered keywords. We also conducted the statistical analysis using the Stata software. Results Considering studies focusing on uveitis in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) yielded a pooled prevalence of 11.8% (95%CI: 11.2 to 12.4%) for uveitis following JIA. In this regard, the prevalence rate of uveitis related to Behçet,s disease and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE( was estimated to be 15.0 and 0.8%, respectively. The pooled response rate to Adalimumab and Infliximab was estimated to be 68.0% (95%CI: 65.4 to 70.6%), 64.7% (95%CI: 59.8 to 69.3%), respectively. The documents for the systematical assessment of other biological medications (e.g. Tocilizumab, Daclizumab and Rituximab) were inadequate; however, the mean response rate for these drugs was 59, 75 and 80%, respectively. Our meta-analysis showed a pooled response rate of 40.0% (95%CI, 36.0% to 44.2) to Methotrexate. Significant heterogeneity and significant diffusion bias were demonstrated by reviewing studies. Conclusions The pooled prevalence of uveitis in pediatric rheumatic diseases widely varied based on the underlying disease requiring more investigations in different subtypes of rheumatic diseases. The biologic medications, especially Adalimumab are the most effective treatments for uveitis in pediatric rheumatic diseases; however, a combination of the safe, available alternatives is preferred to achieve the most desirable treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Jari
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Imam Hossein Children's Hospital. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. .,Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial prevention of non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Reza Shiari
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Salehpour
- Negah Specialty Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosro Rahmani
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Malcová H, Dallos T, Bouchalova K, Brejchová I, Brichová M, Bušányová B, Fabianová J, Fráňová J, Furdová A, Jarošová K, Kobrová K, Kostolná B, Košková E, Lokaj M, Macků M, Melocíková J, Michaličková M, Minxová L, Moravčíková D, Němcová D, Pískovský T, Říhová E, Schüller M, Skalická E, Svozílková P, Tomčíková D, Vargová V, Vrtíková E, Doležalová P, Heissigerová J. Recommendations for the Management of Uveitis Associated With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: The Czech and Slovak adaptation of SHARE Initiative. CESKA A SLOVENSKA OFTALMOLOGIE : CASOPIS CESKE OFTALMOLOGICKE SPOLECNOSTI A SLOVENSKE OFTALMOLOGICKE SPOLECNOSTI 2020; 76:1-15. [PMID: 33086847 DOI: 10.31348/2020/7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in children and uveitis is its most important extra-articular manifestation. Evidence-based recommendations are available only to a limited extent and therefore JIA associated uveitis management is mostly based on physicians experience. Consequently, treatment practices differ widely, both nationally and internationally. Therefore, an effort to optimize and publish recommendations for the care of children and young adults with rheumatic diseases was launched in 2012 as part of the international project SHARE (Single Hub and Access Point for Pediatric Rheumatology in Europe) to facilitate clinical practice for paediatricians and (paediatric) rheumatologists. The aim of this work was to translate published international SHARE recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of JIA associated uveitis and to adapt them for use in the Czech and Slovak Republics. International recommendations were developed according to the standard methodology of the European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) by a group of nine experienced paediatric rheumatologists and three experts in ophthalmology. It was based on a systematic literature review and evaluated in the form of an online survey and subsequently discussed using a nominal group technique. Recommendations were accepted if > 80% agreement was reached (including all three ophthalmologists). A total of 22 SHARE recommendations were accepted: 3 on diagnosis, 5 on disease activity assessment, 12 on treatment and 2 on future recommendations. Translation of the original text was updated and modified with data specific to the czech and slovak health care systems and supplemented with a proposal for a protocol of ophthalmological dispensarization of paediatric JIA patients and a treatment algorithm for JIA associated uveitis. Conclusion: The aim of the SHARE initiative is to improve and standardize care for paediatric patients with rheumatic diseases across Europe. Therefore, recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of JIA-associated uveitis have been formulated based on the evidence and agreement of leading European experts in this field.
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9
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Gaggiano C, Rigante D, Tosi GM, Vitale A, Frediani B, Grosso S, Fabiani C, Cantarini L. Treating juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-related uveitis beyond TNF-α inhibition: a narrative review. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 39:327-337. [PMID: 31823144 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic anterior uveitis is the most frequent among extra-articular manifestations of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and a relevant cause of ocular morbidity in children. Asymmetric arthritis, early onset disease, female sex, and anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) positivity are counted among risk factors for developing this complication. It usually has insidious onset and asymptomatic chronic-relapsing course, but the persistence of low-grade chronic inflammation can lead to irreversible structural ocular damage and to vision-threatening complications. For such reasons, achieving a complete absence of inflammation through early targeted and aggressive treatments is a primary therapeutic goal in these patients. This review is aimed at summarizing scientific evidence about biologic rescue therapy of JIA-related uveitis in patients who fail to achieve clinical remission, in spite of being treated with conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (cDMARDs) and at least one biologic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitor. Interleukin (IL)-6 inhibition appears a promising and safe option for refractory JIA-related uveitis. Abatacept and rituximab proved to be beneficial as well, but their efficacy together with some safety concerns needs to be more extensively evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gaggiano
- Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Donato Rigante
- Institute of Pediatrics, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Periodic Fever Research Center, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Tosi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonio Vitale
- Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases, Behçet's Disease and Rheumatology-Ophthalmology Collaborative Uveitis Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Bruno Frediani
- Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases, Behçet's Disease and Rheumatology-Ophthalmology Collaborative Uveitis Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Salvatore Grosso
- Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Fabiani
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Cantarini
- Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases, Behçet's Disease and Rheumatology-Ophthalmology Collaborative Uveitis Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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10
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Miraldi Utz V, Bulas S, Lopper S, Fenchel M, Sa T, Mehta M, Ash D, Lovell DJ, Kaufman AH. Effectiveness of long-term infliximab use and impact of treatment adherence on disease control in refractory, non-infectious pediatric uveitis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2019; 17:79. [PMID: 31783768 PMCID: PMC6884783 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-019-0383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refractory non-infectious uveitis is a serious condition that leads to ocular complications and vision loss and requires effective systemic treatment to control disease. The effectiveness of long-term infliximab [IFX] in refractory non-infectious childhood uveitis and the impact of treatment adherence on disease control were evaluated. METHODS Retrospective, single-center study between December 2002 and April 2016 of 27 children with refractory non-infectious uveitis [17 with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, JIA] treated with long-term IFX [9+ months]. Disease activity was assessed prior to and while on IFX using the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature [SUN]. Number of visits per year with active uveitis was analyzed by repeated measures logistic regression analysis from 2 years prior to IFX initiation or from onset of uveitis until most recent visit on IFX. Incomplete treatment adherence was assessed for each visit and defined as any deviance in corticosteroid use, prescribed infusion frequency, and/or follow-up examination frequency. RESULTS Primary outcomes were sustained uveitic and systemic disease control prior to and during IFX treatment and the impact of incomplete adherence on uveitic disease control while on IFX. Secondary outcomes included corticosteroid and glaucoma medication requirement, ocular complications and need for surgical intervention. Mean age at IFX initiation was 10.4 ± 4.5 years; initial mean dose was 6.6 ± 2.2 mg/kg [and given at weeks 0, 2, 4 and q4 weeks thereafter for 93%]. Median duration on IFX was 35 [range 9-128] months. Prior to IFX, 14/27 patients had failed adalimumab ± methotrexate [MTX]; 21/27 failed MTX. IFX led to uveitis control in 89% and arthritis control in 76% (13/17). The odds ratio of having controlled disease after IFX was 4.1 (2.6, 6.4) compared to pre-treatment visits. Topical corticosteroids and glaucoma medications were statistically decreased (p = 0.007 right eye [OD], 0.003 left eye [OS] and p = 0.001 OD, p = 0.028 OS respectively). Incomplete adherence to treatment showed 10.3 times greater odds (7.1, 15.0) of having disease activity than full adherence. CONCLUSIONS This study adds significantly to the IFX literature by documenting outstanding uveitis control with long-term IFX treatment in non-infectious pediatric uveitis patients. Higher dosage and shorter interval were utilized without adverse effects. Importantly, this is the first study, to our knowledge, to document the significant impact of treatment adherence on uveitis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Miraldi Utz
- Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Sabrina Bulas
- 0000 0000 9025 8099grid.239573.9Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,0000 0001 2179 9593grid.24827.3bDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Sarah Lopper
- 0000 0000 9025 8099grid.239573.9Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,0000 0001 2179 9593grid.24827.3bDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Matthew Fenchel
- 0000 0000 9025 8099grid.239573.9Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Ting Sa
- 0000 0000 9025 8099grid.239573.9Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Mitul Mehta
- 0000 0001 0668 7243grid.266093.8Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Daniel Ash
- 0000 0004 1936 7822grid.170205.1Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Daniel J. Lovell
- 0000 0000 9025 8099grid.239573.9Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Adam H. Kaufman
- 0000 0000 9025 8099grid.239573.9Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH USA ,0000 0001 2179 9593grid.24827.3bDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA ,grid.418609.2Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, OH USA
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11
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Heiligenhaus A, Minden K, Tappeiner C, Baus H, Bertram B, Deuter C, Foeldvari I, Föll D, Frosch M, Ganser G, Gaubitz M, Günther A, Heinz C, Horneff G, Huemer C, Kopp I, Lommatzsch C, Lutz T, Michels H, Neß T, Neudorf U, Pleyer U, Schneider M, Schulze-Koops H, Thurau S, Zierhut M, Lehmann HW. Update of the evidence based, interdisciplinary guideline for anti-inflammatory treatment of uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2018; 49:43-55. [PMID: 30595409 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIAU) is frequently associated with the development of complications and visual loss. Topical corticosteroids are the first line therapy, and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are commonly used. However, treatment has not been standardized. METHODS Interdisciplinary guideline were developed with representatives from the German Ophthalmological Society, Society for Paediatric Rheumatology, Professional Association of Ophthalmologists, German Society for Rheumatology, parents' group, moderated by the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany. A systematic literature analysis in MEDLINE was performed, evidence and recommendations were graded, an algorithm for anti-inflammatory treatment and final statements were discussed in a consensus meeting (Nominal Group Technique), a preliminary draft was fine-tuned and discussed thereafter by all participants (Delphi procedure). RESULTS Consensus was reached on recommendations, including a standardized treatment strategy according to uveitis severity in the individual patient. Thus, methotrexate shall be introduced for uveitis not responding to low-dose (≤ 2 applications/day) topical corticosteroids, and a TNFalpha antibody (preferably adalimumab) used, if uveitis inactivity is not achieved. In very severe active uveitis with uveitis-related deterioration of vision, systemic corticosteroids should be considered for bridging until DMARDs take effect. If TNFalpha antibodies fail to take effect or lose effect, another biological should be selected (tocilizumab, abatacept or rituximab). De-escalation of DMARDs should be preceded by a period of ≥ 2 years of uveitis inactivity. CONCLUSIONS An interdisciplinary, evidence-based treatment guideline for JIAU is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heiligenhaus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guideline of the German Ophthalmological Society (DOG), St. Franziskus Hospital, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 Muenster, Germany.
| | - K Minden
- The Society for Paediatric Rheumatology (GKJR), Germany
| | - C Tappeiner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guideline of the German Ophthalmological Society (DOG), St. Franziskus Hospital, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 Muenster, Germany
| | - H Baus
- The Participation of the Following Bodies: Parents' Group for Children with Uveitis and their Families, Germany
| | - B Bertram
- Professional Association of Ophthalmologists (BVA), Germany
| | - C Deuter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guideline of the German Ophthalmological Society (DOG), St. Franziskus Hospital, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 Muenster, Germany
| | - I Foeldvari
- The Society for Paediatric Rheumatology (GKJR), Germany
| | - D Föll
- The Society for Paediatric Rheumatology (GKJR), Germany
| | - M Frosch
- The Society for Paediatric Rheumatology (GKJR), Germany
| | - G Ganser
- The Society for Paediatric Rheumatology (GKJR), Germany
| | - M Gaubitz
- German Society of Rheumatology (DGRh), Germany
| | - A Günther
- The Society for Paediatric Rheumatology (GKJR), Germany
| | - C Heinz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guideline of the German Ophthalmological Society (DOG), St. Franziskus Hospital, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 Muenster, Germany
| | - G Horneff
- The Society for Paediatric Rheumatology (GKJR), Germany
| | - C Huemer
- The Society for Paediatric Rheumatology (GKJR), Germany
| | - I Kopp
- Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF), Germany
| | - C Lommatzsch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guideline of the German Ophthalmological Society (DOG), St. Franziskus Hospital, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 Muenster, Germany
| | - T Lutz
- The Society for Paediatric Rheumatology (GKJR), Germany
| | - H Michels
- The Society for Paediatric Rheumatology (GKJR), Germany
| | - T Neß
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guideline of the German Ophthalmological Society (DOG), St. Franziskus Hospital, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 Muenster, Germany
| | - U Neudorf
- The Society for Paediatric Rheumatology (GKJR), Germany
| | - U Pleyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guideline of the German Ophthalmological Society (DOG), St. Franziskus Hospital, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 Muenster, Germany
| | - M Schneider
- German Society of Rheumatology (DGRh), Germany
| | | | - S Thurau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guideline of the German Ophthalmological Society (DOG), St. Franziskus Hospital, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 Muenster, Germany
| | - M Zierhut
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guideline of the German Ophthalmological Society (DOG), St. Franziskus Hospital, Hohenzollernring 74, 48145 Muenster, Germany
| | - H W Lehmann
- The Society for Paediatric Rheumatology (GKJR), Germany
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12
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Constantin T, Foeldvari I, Anton J, de Boer J, Czitrom-Guillaume S, Edelsten C, Gepstein R, Heiligenhaus A, Pilkington CA, Simonini G, Uziel Y, Vastert SJ, Wulffraat NM, Haasnoot AM, Walscheid K, Pálinkás A, Pattani R, Györgyi Z, Kozma R, Boom V, Ponyi A, Ravelli A, Ramanan AV. Consensus-based recommendations for the management of uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: the SHARE initiative. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:1107-1117. [PMID: 29592918 PMCID: PMC6059050 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2012, a European initiative called Single Hub and Access point for pediatric Rheumatology in Europe (SHARE) was launched to optimise and disseminate diagnostic and management regimens in Europe for children and young adults with rheumatic diseases. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in children and uveitis is possibly its most devastating extra-articular manifestation. Evidence-based guidelines are sparse and management is mostly based on physicians' experience. Consequently, treatment practices differ widely, within and between nations. OBJECTIVES To provide recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of JIA-associated uveitis. METHODS Recommendations were developed by an evidence-informed consensus process using the European League Against Rheumatism standard operating procedures. A committee was constituted, consisting of nine experienced paediatric rheumatologists and three experts in ophthalmology from Europe. Recommendations derived from a validated systematic literature review were evaluated by an Expert Committee and subsequently discussed at two consensus meetings using nominal group techniques. Recommendations were accepted if >80% agreement was reached (including all three ophthalmologists). RESULTS In total, 22 recommendations were accepted (with >80% agreement among experts): 3 on diagnosis, 5 on disease activity measurements, 12 on treatment and 2 on future recommendations. CONCLUSIONS The SHARE initiative aims to identify best practices for treatment of patients suffering from JIA-associated uveitis. Within this remit, recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of JIA-associated uveitis have been formulated by an evidence-informed consensus process to suggest a standard of care for JIA-associated uveitis patients throughout Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Constantin
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ivan Foeldvari
- Klinikum Eilbek, Hamburger Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jordi Anton
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joke de Boer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Clive Edelsten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Raz Gepstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Sava, Israel
| | - Arnd Heiligenhaus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Uveitis-Center, and Ophtha Lab, at St. Franziskus Hospital, Muenster, Germany
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | | | - Gabriele Simonini
- Department of Paediatrics, Rheumatology Unit, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Yosef Uziel
- Department of Paediatrics, Meir Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sebastian J Vastert
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht and University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nico M Wulffraat
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht and University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Mieke Haasnoot
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karoline Walscheid
- Department of Ophthalmology, Uveitis-Center, and Ophtha Lab, at St. Franziskus Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Reshma Pattani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Zoltán Györgyi
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Richárd Kozma
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Victor Boom
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Ponyi
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Angelo Ravelli
- Università degli Studi di Genova and Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Athimalaipet V Ramanan
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust & Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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13
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Ming S, Xie K, He H, Li Y, Lei B. Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in the treatment of non-infectious uveitis: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:2005-2016. [PMID: 30013320 PMCID: PMC6037408 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s160431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize updated evidences on the efficacy and safety of adalimumab (ADA) in the treatment of patients with non-infectious uveitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS A systematic search between January 2000 and September 2017 was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane libraries. We investigated control of inflammation, improvement of visual acuity (VA), corticosteroid-sparing effect, and adverse events (AEs) or serious adverse events. RESULTS Three randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and 20 non-RCTs were included and analyzed. The pooled proportions of inflammation control were 74% (95% CI 64%-82%) and 79% (95% CI 69%-87%) in groups of ≤6- and ≥12-months follow-up durations. No significant difference was found between the two groups (χ2 = 0.920, p = 0.337). Analysis of subgroups classified by degree of being treatment-naïve for anti-TNFα agents showed the inflammation control reached a high of 87% (95% CI 80%-92%) when subjects were "almost naïve" to anti-TNFα before ADA treatment. VA was improved by three or more lines in 41.3% (52/126) eyes, and was equal to or better than the baseline in 88.8% (142/160) eyes. Corticosteroid sparing was observed in 82.0% (91/111) of the patients; among them, 48.8% (40/82) discontinued use of corticosteroid completely. Minor drug-related adverse events were reported. The treatment effects of ADA were generally consistent in the three RCTs, and ADA reduced the risk of treatment failure by 43%-75%. CONCLUSION The current review provided evidences that ADA might be a promising choice in reducing inflammatory activity, gaining VA, and sparing corticosteroid use with minor AEs when applied in treating non-infectious uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ming
- Clinical Research Center, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital,
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital,
| | - Kunpeng Xie
- Clinical Research Center, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital,
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital,
| | - Huijuan He
- Clinical Research Center, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital,
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital,
| | - Ya Li
- Clinical Research Center, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital,
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital,
| | - Bo Lei
- Clinical Research Center, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital,
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital,
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,
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14
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Deitch I, Amer R, Tomkins-Netzer O, Habot-Wilner Z, Friling R, Neumann R, Kramer M. The effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents on the outcome in pediatric uveitis of diverse etiologies. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018; 256:801-808. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-018-3928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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15
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Exudative retinal detachment. Surv Ophthalmol 2017; 62:723-769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Ramanan AV, Dick AD, Jones AP, McKay A, Williamson PR, Compeyrot-Lacassagne S, Hardwick B, Hickey H, Hughes D, Woo P, Benton D, Edelsten C, Beresford MW. Adalimumab plus Methotrexate for Uveitis in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:1637-1646. [PMID: 28445659 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1614160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adalimumab, a fully human anti-tumor necrosis factor α monoclonal antibody, is effective in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). We tested the efficacy of adalimumab in the treatment of JIA-associated uveitis. METHODS In this multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we assessed the efficacy and safety of adalimumab in children and adolescents 2 years of age or older who had active JIA-associated uveitis. Patients who were taking a stable dose of methotrexate were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive either adalimumab (at a dose of 20 mg or 40 mg, according to body weight) or placebo, administered subcutaneously every 2 weeks. Patients continued the trial regimen until treatment failure or until 18 months had elapsed. They were followed for up to 2 years after randomization. The primary end point was the time to treatment failure, defined according to a multicomponent intraocular inflammation score that was based on the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature criteria. RESULTS The prespecified stopping criteria were met after the enrollment of 90 of 114 patients. We observed 16 treatment failures in 60 patients (27%) in the adalimumab group versus 18 treatment failures in 30 patients (60%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12 to 0.49; P<0.0001 [the prespecified stopping boundary]). Adverse events were reported more frequently in patients receiving adalimumab than in those receiving placebo (10.07 events per patient-year [95% CI, 9.26 to 10.89] vs. 6.51 events per patient-year [95% CI, 5.26 to 7.77]), as were serious adverse events (0.29 events per patient-year [95% CI, 0.15 to 0.43] vs. 0.19 events per patient-year [95% CI, 0.00 to 0.40]). CONCLUSIONS Adalimumab therapy controlled inflammation and was associated with a lower rate of treatment failure than placebo among children and adolescents with active JIA-associated uveitis who were taking a stable dose of methotrexate. Patients who received adalimumab had a much higher incidence of adverse events and serious adverse events than those who received placebo. (Funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme and Arthritis Research UK; SYCAMORE EudraCT number, 2010-021141-41 .).
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Affiliation(s)
- Athimalaipet V Ramanan
- From University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust (A.V.R., A.D.D., D.B.) and the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol (A.V.R., A.D.D.), Bristol, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology (A.D.D., P.W.) and Great Ormond Street Hospital (S.C.-L., C.E.), London, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool (A.P.J., A.M., P.R.W., B.H., H.H., M.W.B.), and the Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust (M.W.B.), Liverpool, and Bangor University, Bangor (D.H.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Dick
- From University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust (A.V.R., A.D.D., D.B.) and the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol (A.V.R., A.D.D.), Bristol, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology (A.D.D., P.W.) and Great Ormond Street Hospital (S.C.-L., C.E.), London, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool (A.P.J., A.M., P.R.W., B.H., H.H., M.W.B.), and the Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust (M.W.B.), Liverpool, and Bangor University, Bangor (D.H.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Ashley P Jones
- From University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust (A.V.R., A.D.D., D.B.) and the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol (A.V.R., A.D.D.), Bristol, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology (A.D.D., P.W.) and Great Ormond Street Hospital (S.C.-L., C.E.), London, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool (A.P.J., A.M., P.R.W., B.H., H.H., M.W.B.), and the Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust (M.W.B.), Liverpool, and Bangor University, Bangor (D.H.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Andrew McKay
- From University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust (A.V.R., A.D.D., D.B.) and the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol (A.V.R., A.D.D.), Bristol, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology (A.D.D., P.W.) and Great Ormond Street Hospital (S.C.-L., C.E.), London, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool (A.P.J., A.M., P.R.W., B.H., H.H., M.W.B.), and the Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust (M.W.B.), Liverpool, and Bangor University, Bangor (D.H.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Paula R Williamson
- From University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust (A.V.R., A.D.D., D.B.) and the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol (A.V.R., A.D.D.), Bristol, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology (A.D.D., P.W.) and Great Ormond Street Hospital (S.C.-L., C.E.), London, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool (A.P.J., A.M., P.R.W., B.H., H.H., M.W.B.), and the Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust (M.W.B.), Liverpool, and Bangor University, Bangor (D.H.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Sandrine Compeyrot-Lacassagne
- From University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust (A.V.R., A.D.D., D.B.) and the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol (A.V.R., A.D.D.), Bristol, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology (A.D.D., P.W.) and Great Ormond Street Hospital (S.C.-L., C.E.), London, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool (A.P.J., A.M., P.R.W., B.H., H.H., M.W.B.), and the Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust (M.W.B.), Liverpool, and Bangor University, Bangor (D.H.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Ben Hardwick
- From University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust (A.V.R., A.D.D., D.B.) and the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol (A.V.R., A.D.D.), Bristol, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology (A.D.D., P.W.) and Great Ormond Street Hospital (S.C.-L., C.E.), London, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool (A.P.J., A.M., P.R.W., B.H., H.H., M.W.B.), and the Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust (M.W.B.), Liverpool, and Bangor University, Bangor (D.H.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Helen Hickey
- From University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust (A.V.R., A.D.D., D.B.) and the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol (A.V.R., A.D.D.), Bristol, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology (A.D.D., P.W.) and Great Ormond Street Hospital (S.C.-L., C.E.), London, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool (A.P.J., A.M., P.R.W., B.H., H.H., M.W.B.), and the Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust (M.W.B.), Liverpool, and Bangor University, Bangor (D.H.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Dyfrig Hughes
- From University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust (A.V.R., A.D.D., D.B.) and the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol (A.V.R., A.D.D.), Bristol, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology (A.D.D., P.W.) and Great Ormond Street Hospital (S.C.-L., C.E.), London, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool (A.P.J., A.M., P.R.W., B.H., H.H., M.W.B.), and the Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust (M.W.B.), Liverpool, and Bangor University, Bangor (D.H.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Woo
- From University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust (A.V.R., A.D.D., D.B.) and the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol (A.V.R., A.D.D.), Bristol, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology (A.D.D., P.W.) and Great Ormond Street Hospital (S.C.-L., C.E.), London, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool (A.P.J., A.M., P.R.W., B.H., H.H., M.W.B.), and the Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust (M.W.B.), Liverpool, and Bangor University, Bangor (D.H.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Diana Benton
- From University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust (A.V.R., A.D.D., D.B.) and the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol (A.V.R., A.D.D.), Bristol, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology (A.D.D., P.W.) and Great Ormond Street Hospital (S.C.-L., C.E.), London, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool (A.P.J., A.M., P.R.W., B.H., H.H., M.W.B.), and the Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust (M.W.B.), Liverpool, and Bangor University, Bangor (D.H.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Clive Edelsten
- From University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust (A.V.R., A.D.D., D.B.) and the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol (A.V.R., A.D.D.), Bristol, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology (A.D.D., P.W.) and Great Ormond Street Hospital (S.C.-L., C.E.), London, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool (A.P.J., A.M., P.R.W., B.H., H.H., M.W.B.), and the Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust (M.W.B.), Liverpool, and Bangor University, Bangor (D.H.) - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Michael W Beresford
- From University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust (A.V.R., A.D.D., D.B.) and the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol (A.V.R., A.D.D.), Bristol, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology (A.D.D., P.W.) and Great Ormond Street Hospital (S.C.-L., C.E.), London, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool (A.P.J., A.M., P.R.W., B.H., H.H., M.W.B.), and the Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust (M.W.B.), Liverpool, and Bangor University, Bangor (D.H.) - all in the United Kingdom
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17
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Mauro A, Rigante D, Cimaz R. Investigational drugs for treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:381-387. [PMID: 28277884 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1301929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Mauro
- Department of Pediatrics, San Giacomo Hospital, Novi Ligure, Italy
| | - Donato Rigante
- Institute of Pediatrics, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Rolando Cimaz
- Rheumatology Unit, Anna Meyer Children’s Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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18
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Aeschlimann FA, Angst F, Hofer KD, Cannizzaro Schneider E, Schroeder-Kohler S, Lauener R, van der Kleij D, Rispens T, Saurenmann RK. Prevalence of Anti-infliximab Antibodies and Their Associated Co-factors in Children with Refractory Arthritis and/or Uveitis: A Retrospective Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Rheumatol 2017; 44:334-341. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.160072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Infliximab (IFX) is a monoclonal tumor necrosis factor-α–inhibiting antibody used in children with refractory arthritis and uveitis. Immunogenicity is associated with a lack of clinical response and infusion reactions in adults; data on immunogenicity in children treated with IFX for rheumatic diseases are scarce. We aimed to describe the prevalence of anti-IFX antibodies and determine co-factors associated with anti-IFX antibodies in children with inflammatory rheumatic and ocular diseases.Methods.Consecutive children treated between August 2009 and August 2012 with IFX at our department were included. Blood samples were collected every 6 months before IFX infusion and tested for anti-IFX antibodies by radioimmunoassay. Patients’ charts were retrospectively reviewed for clinical features and analyzed for associations with anti-IFX antibodies.Results.Anti-IFX antibodies occurred in 14/62 children (23%) and 32/253 blood samples (12.6%) after a mean treatment time of 1084 days (range 73–3498). Infusion reactions occurred in 10/62 (16%) children during the treatment period. With continuation of IFX, anti-IFX antibodies disappeared in 7/14 children. In the bivariate analysis, the occurrence of anti-IFX antibodies was associated with younger age at IFX treatment start (mean age 7.01 vs 9.88 yrs, p = 0.003) and infusion reactions (OR 15.0), while uveitis as treatment indication was protective against development of anti-IFX antibodies (OR 0.17), likely because of higher IFX doses. In the multivariate logistic regression, all 3 covariates remained highly significant.Conclusion.Anti-IFX antibodies occurred commonly at any time during IFX treatment. Anti-IFX antibodies were associated with younger age at IFX start, infusion reactions, and arthritis as treatment indication.
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Palestine AG, Singh JK, Kolfenbach JR, Ozzello DJ. Specialty Practice and Cost Considerations in the Management of Uveitis Associated With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2016; 53:246-51. [PMID: 27182746 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20160505-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate whether cost, prior insurance authorization concerns, and subspecialty practice influence therapeutic decisions in the treatment of uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. METHODS A total of 2,965 pediatric ophthalmologists, uveitis specialists, retina specialists, and rheumatologists across the United States were surveyed via e-mail regarding their choice in long-term therapy for a hypothetical patient with uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Outcomes of interest were differences in therapy choice based on cost/prior authorization and specialty practice. RESULTS There were significant differences in the use of methotrexate and biologics among specialists, both with and without consideration for cost and prior authorization. CONCLUSIONS Physicians in four different specialties who treat uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis agree on methotrexate as a first-line treatment choice and a biologic immunosuppressive medication as a second choice, but there are significant differences between the specialties in their use of these medications. Cost and insurance considerations did not affect therapy selection. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2016;53(4):246-251.].
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Ozdal PC, Berker N, Tugal-Tutkun I. Pars Planitis: Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, Management and Visual Prognosis. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2016; 10:469-80. [PMID: 27051493 PMCID: PMC4795398 DOI: 10.4103/2008-322x.176897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pars planitis is an idiopathic chronic intermediate uveitis which predominantly affects children and adolescents, and accounts for 5-26.7% of pediatric uveitis. Although an autoimmune process with a genetic predisposition has been suggested, its etiology still remains unknown. The most common presenting symptoms are floaters and blurred vision. Diffuse vitreous cells, haze, snowballs and snowbanks are typical findings of pars planitis. Peripheral retinal vasculitis, optic disc edema and anterior segment inflammation are other well-known findings. Although pars planitis is known to be a benign form of uveitis in most cases, it may become a potentially blinding disease due to complications including cataract, cystoid macular edema, vitreous opacities and optic disc edema. Cystoid macular edema is the most common cause of visual morbidity. Band keratopathy, epiretinal membrane formation, vitreous condensation, neovascularizations, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, cyclitic membranes, glaucoma and amblyopia may develop as a consequence of the chronic course of the disease. Exclusion of infectious and non-infectious causes which may present with intermediate uveitis is of utmost importance before starting treatment. Treatment of pars planitis has been a controversial issue. There is no consensus specifically for treatment of cases with minimal inflammation and relatively good visual acuity. However, current experience shows that pars planitis may cause severe inflammation and needs an aggressive treatment. A stepladder approach including corticosteroids, immunosupressive agents, anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha and pars plana vitrectomy and/or laser photocoagulation is the most commonly used method for treatment of pars planitis. Adequate control of inflammation and prompt detection of associated complications are crucial in order to improve the overall prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Cakar Ozdal
- Service of Uveitis and Retinal Diseases, Ankara Ulucanlar Eye Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Berker
- Service of Uveitis and Retinal Diseases, Ankara Ulucanlar Eye Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Tugal-Tutkun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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NAJAFI MR, NAJAFI MA, NASR Z. Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Sclerosis in Children. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2016; 10:13-23. [PMID: 27375751 PMCID: PMC4928611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates the safety and well toleration of treatment by Disease-modifying in children suffering multiple sclerosis (MS). The treatment is not straight forward in a great number of patients, thus patients with pediatric MS must be managed by experienced specialized centers. Common treatments of multiple sclerosis for adults are first-line therapies. These therapies (firstline) are safe for children. Failure in treatment that leads to therapy alteration is almost prevalent in pediatric MS. Toleration against current second-line therapies has been shown in multiple sclerosis children. Oral agents have not been assessed in children MS patients. Although clinical trials in children are insufficient, immunomodulating managed children, experience a side effect similar to the adult MS patients. However, further prospective clinical studies, with large sample size and long follow-up are needed to distinguish the benefits and probable side effects of pediatric MS therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza NAJAFI
- Department of Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ,Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre (INRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin NAJAFI
- Medical student, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan, Iran ,Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre (INRC), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra NASR
- Medical student, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan, Iran
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Abstract
Anterior uveitis (AU), inflammation of the iris, choroid or ciliary body, can cause significant eye morbidity, including visual loss. In the pediatric age group, the most common underlying diagnosis for AU is juvenile idiopathic associated uveitis and idiopathic AU, which are the focus of this paper. AU is often resistant to medications such as topical corticosteroids and methotrexate. In the past 15 years, biologic agents (biologics) have transformed treatment. In this review, we discuss those in widespread use and those with more theoretical applications for anterior uveitis. Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (anti-TNFα) have been available the longest and are used widely to treat pediatric uveitis. The effects of anti-TNFα in children are described mostly in small retrospective case series. Together, the literature suggests that the majority of children treated with anti-TNFα achieve decreased uveitis activity and reduced corticosteroid burden. However, many will have disease flares even on treatment. Only a few small studies directly compare outcomes between alternate anti-TNFα (infliximab and adalimumab). The use of different uveitis grading systems, inclusion criteria, and outcome measures makes cross-study comparisons difficult. Whether the achievement and maintenance of inactive disease occurs more frequently with certain anti-TNFα remains controversial. Newer biologics that modulate the immune system differently (e.g., interfere with Th17 activation through IL-17a and IL-6 blockade, limit T lymphocyte costimulation, and deplete B lymphocytes), have shown promise for uveitis. Studies of these agents are small and include mostly adults. Additional biologics are also being explored to treat uveitis. With their advent, we are hopeful that outcomes will ultimately be improved for children with AU. With many biologics available, much work remains to identify the optimal inflammatory pathway to target in AU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Lerman
- Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Abramson Research Center Suite 1102, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,
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Lerman MA, Lewen MD, Kempen JH, Mills MD. Uveitis Reactivation in Children Treated With Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Inhibitors. Am J Ophthalmol 2015; 160:193-200.e1. [PMID: 25892124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate reactivation of pediatric uveitis during/following treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibition (anti-TNFα). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS We assessed the incidence of uveitis reactivation in children ≤18 years who had achieved uveitis quiescence under anti-TNFα. Survival analysis was used to calculate reactivation rates while still on (primary outcome), and following discontinuation of (secondary outcome), anti-TNFα. Potential predictive factors were assessed. RESULTS Among 50 children observed to develop quiescence of uveitis under anti-TNFα, 39 met criteria to be "at risk" of the primary (19 for the secondary) outcome. 60% were female, ∼half had juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and most were treated with infliximab. Overall, the estimated proportion relapsing within 12 months was 27.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.9%-45.8%); the estimated probability of reactivation was higher following (63.8% [95% CI: 38.9%-87.7%]) vs before (21.6% [95% CI: 10.8%-40.2%]) anti-TNFα discontinuation. Among those who discontinued anti-TNFα, the likelihood of reactivation was higher for those treated with adalimumab vs infliximab (hazard ratio [HR] 13.4, P = .01, 95% CI: 2.2-82.5) and those with older age at uveitis onset (HR 1.3, P = .09, 95% CI: 1.0-1.7). The duration of suppression, on medication, did not significantly affect the likelihood of reactivation when quiescence was maintained for ≥1.5 years. CONCLUSIONS Approximately 75% of children remaining on anti-TNFα following achievement of uveitis quiescence remain quiescent at 1 year. However, most reactivate following anti-TNFα discontinuation. These results suggest that infliximab more often is followed by remission, off medication, than adalimumab. The data do not suggest that maintenance of suppression for more than 1.5 years decreases the reactivation risk.
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Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that may cause joint destruction. Biological treatments targeting specific cytokines and cell interactions have transformed the outcomes of JIA. This review focuses on the selection of patients for and the timing and selection of biological treatment in JIA. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors remain the first choice for polyarticular JIA, followed by abatacept and tocilizumab. Monoclonal-antibody TNF inhibitors and abatacept are usually chosen for methotrexate-resistant uveitis. Recent clinical trials of canakinumab, rilonacept, and tocilizumab have obtained great improvement in both systemic and arthritic features in chronic systemic JIA patients. Current guidelines support the early use of a short-acting IL-1 antagonist for macrophage activation syndrome, a life-threatening complication. TREAT and ACUTE studies suggest that a therapeutic window of opportunity during early disease may exist in JIA. Early initiation of biological therapy may be associated with slower progression of joint damage and longer remission.
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Does switching anti-TNFα biologic agents represent an effective option in childhood chronic uveitis: The evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2014; 44:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Simonini G, Druce K, Cimaz R, Macfarlane GJ, Jones GT. Current Evidence of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor α Treatment Efficacy in Childhood Chronic Uveitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Approach of Individual Drugs. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2014; 66:1073-84. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.22214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Aeschlimann FA, Hofer KD, Cannizzaro Schneider E, Schroeder S, Lauener R, Saurenmann RK. Infliximab in Pediatric Rheumatology Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of Infusion Reactions and Severe Adverse Events During 2246 Infusions over 12 Years. J Rheumatol 2014; 41:1409-15. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.131231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective.To describe infusion reactions (IR) and severe adverse events (SAE) associated with infliximab (IFX) in pediatric patients with rheumatologic and ocular inflammatory diseases in a real-world setting.Methods.This is a retrospective chart review of all patients treated with IFX at the pediatric rheumatology division of a university hospital between October 2000 and December 2012.Results.A total of 2446 IFX infusions were given to 82 patients (72% female). IR occurred in 46 infusions (2%) of 14 patients (17%) after a mean IFX treatment time of 340 days (range 41–780); 9/14 patients (64%) experienced repeated IR. IR were classified as mild (26%), moderate (74%), or severe (0%). Indications for IFX were arthritis (60%), uveitis (20%), arthritis and uveitis (13%), and other inflammatory diseases (5%). The most common clinical symptoms were respiratory signs (72%), cutaneous manifestations (69%), and malaise (61%). In 6/14 patients (43%) with IR, IFX was discontinued: 4 patients because of repeated IR and 2 patients wished to stop treatment immediately following a mild IR. The other 8/14 patients (57%) received premedication with high-dose antihistamine (100%), corticosteroids (75%), and IFX dose increase (75%) and continued IFX treatment for a mean followup period of 146 weeks (range 26–537) after the first IR. We observed severe infections in 5/82 patients (6%); other SAE were rare.Conclusion.Mild and moderate IR occurred in 17% of our patients. Treatment with antihistamines and methylprednisolone, and increasing the IFX dose, allowed continued treatment despite IR in > 50% of patients. Other SAE were infrequent.
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Bratton ML, He YG, Weakley DR. Dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex) for the treatment of pediatric uveitis. J AAPOS 2014; 18:110-3. [PMID: 24698604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report our experience using Ozurdex (Allergan, Irvine, CA), a biodegradable intravitreal implant containing of 0.7 mg of dexamethasone approved for use in adults with noninfectious uveitis in adults, in the treatment of pediatric uveitis. METHODS The medical records of consecutive patients with noninfectious posterior uveitis who were unresponsive to standard treatment and subsequently received the Ozurdex implant from March 2011 to March 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS A total of 14 eyes of 11 patients (mean age, 10.1 years; range 4-12) received 22 Ozurdex implants during the study period. Of the 11 patients, 7 had idiopathic intermediate or posterior uveitis, 1 had sympathetic ophthalmia, 2 had juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and 1 had sarcoidosis. All patients were uncontrolled with standard treatment, including topical or sub-Tenon's or systemic corticosteriods and/or immune-modulation. Visual acuity improved after Ozurdex implant in 5 of 8 patients (63%). Intraocular inflammation was controlled or improved after 17 of 22 of implants (12 eyes [77%]). The frequency of topical corticosteroids was decreased and/or discontinued after 18 of 22 implants (12 eyes [82%]). Complications included implant migration into the anterior chamber (4 aphakic eyes), increased intraocular pressure (5 eyes), and progression of a preexisting cataract (1 eye). The uveitis reoccurred in 57% of eyes at 4.3 months (2-7 months) after injection. CONCLUSIONS The Ozurdex implant in combination with systemic immunomodulatory therapy resulted in improved visual acuity, control of intraocular inflammation, and a decrease in corticosteroid use. In the majority of eyes the uveitis reoccurred around 4 months after injection. The adverse events in our study are similar to those identified in adult studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Bratton
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yu-Guang He
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas.
| | - David R Weakley
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
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Abstract
The purpose of this review is to comprehensively examine the various therapeutic agents available to treat autoimmune eye disease, their indications, clinical safety and recent developments. The stepladder approach is reviewed, including corticosteroid administration of various forms, classic immunomodulators, and newer biologic response modifiers. The authors present that corticosteroid monotherapy is almost never curative and carries significant side effects, while immunomodulatory therapy, when used appropriately as way to induce steroid-free remission, carries far less risk of causing long-term complications and provides greater potential of altering the immune system to induce a durable remission.
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Levy-Clarke G, Jabs DA, Read RW, Rosenbaum JT, Vitale A, Van Gelder RN. Expert Panel Recommendations for the Use of Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Biologic Agents in Patients with Ocular Inflammatory Disorders. Ophthalmology 2014; 121:785-96.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Ramanan AV, Dick AD, Benton D, Compeyrot-Lacassagne S, Dawoud D, Hardwick B, Hickey H, Hughes D, Jones A, Woo P, Edelsten C, Beresford MW. A randomised controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of adalimumab in combination with methotrexate for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis (SYCAMORE Trial). Trials 2014; 15:14. [PMID: 24405833 PMCID: PMC3892031 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in children. Children with JIA are at risk of inflammation of the uvea in the eye (uveitis). Overall, 20% to 25% of paediatric uveitis is associated with JIA. Major risk factors for development of uveitis in JIA are oligoarticular pattern of arthritis, an age at onset of arthritis of less than seven years of age, and antinuclear antibody positivity. In the initial stages of mild to moderate inflammation the uveitis is asymptomatic. This has led to current practice of screening all children with JIA for uveitis. Approximately 12% to 38% of patients with JIA develop uveitis in seven years following onset of arthritis. In 30% to 50% of children with JIA-associated uveitis structural complications are present at diagnosis. Furthermore about 50% to 75% of those with severe uveitis will eventually develop visual impairment secondary to ocular complications such as cataract and glaucoma. Defining the severity of inflammation and structural complications in uveitis patients is now possible following Standardised Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) guidelines, and modified to incorporate the consensus of end point and outcome criteria into the design of randomised trials. Despite current screening and therapeutic options (pre-biologics) 10% to 15% of children with JIA-associated uveitis may develop bilateral visual impairment and certified legally blind. To date, there remains no controlled trial evidence of benefits of biologic therapy. Methods/design This study will randomise 154 patients aged 2 to 18 years with active JIA-associated uveitis (despite methotrexate (MTX) treatment for at least 12 weeks). All participants will be treated for 18 months, with follow up of 3 years from randomisation (continuing on MTX throughout). All participants will receive a stable dose of MTX and in addition either adalimumab (20 mg/0.8 ml for patients <30 kg or 40 mg/0.8 ml for patients weighing 30 kg or more, subcutaneous (s/c) injection every 2 weeks based on body weight), or placebo (0.8 ml as appropriate according to body weight) s/c injection every 2 weeks. Discussion This is the first randomised controlled trial that will assess the clinical effectiveness, safety and cost effectiveness of adalimumab in combination with methotrexate for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis. Trial registration ISRCTN10065623
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Affiliation(s)
- Athimalaipet V Ramanan
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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Zierhut M, Abu El-Asrar AM, Bodaghi B, Tugal-Tutkun I. Therapy of Ocular Behçet Disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2013; 22:64-76. [DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2013.866257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Systemic treatments for noninfectious vitreous inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:515312. [PMID: 24347829 PMCID: PMC3853923 DOI: 10.1155/2013/515312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitreous inflammation, or vitritis, may result from many causes, including both infectious and noninfectious, including rheumatologic and autoimmune processes. Vitritis is commonly vision threatening and has serious sequelae. Treatment is frequently challenging, but, today, there are multiple methods of systemic treatment for vitritis. These categories include corticosteroids, antimetabolites, alkylating agents, T-cell inhibitors/calcineurin inhibitors, and biologic agents. These treatment categories were reviewed last year, but, even over the course of just a year, many therapies have made progress, as we have learned more about their indications and efficacy. We discuss here discoveries made over the past year on both existing and new drugs, as well as reviewing mechanisms of action, clinical dosages, specific conditions that are treated, adverse effects, and usual course of treatment for each class of therapy.
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Reiff A, Kadayifcilar S, Özen S. Rheumatic Inflammatory Eye Diseases of Childhood. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2013; 39:801-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Hedayatfar A, Soheilian M. Adalimumab for treatment of idiopathic frosted branch angiitis: a case report. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2013; 8:372-5. [PMID: 24653825 PMCID: PMC3957044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of recurrent idiopathic frosted branch angiitis (FBA) successfully treated with adalimumab. CASE REPORT A 14-year-old otherwise healthy boy was referred to the uveitis clinic for bilateral panuveitis with diffuse retinal vascular sheathing and severe macular edema. Extensive work-up including aqueous sampling for detection of viral causes was inconclusive. Two years ago, a similar episode had been treated with oral prednisolone, however it was complicated by adverse psychiatric effects. The progressive course of the condition mandated considering other therapeutic measures; Adalimumab was chosen based on its purported efficacy for treatment of childhood uveitis and a favorable safety profile. The patient responded dramatically to a single subcutaneous injection of adalimumab without any side effect during and after injection. The therapeutic effect was rapid and relatively long-lasting. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of idiopathic FBA treated successfully with adalimumab without adjunctive steroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Hedayatfar
- Noor Ophthalmic Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran,Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence to: Alireza Hedayatfar, MD. Noor Eye Hospital, #96 Esfandiar Blvd., Vali’asr Ave., Tehran, 196865311, Iran; Tel: +98 21 82400, Fax: +98 21 8865 0501; e-mail:
| | - Masoud Soheilian
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sánchez-Cano D, Callejas-Rubio JL, Ruiz-Villaverde R, Ríos-Fernández R, Ortego-Centeno N. Off-label uses of anti-TNF therapy in three frequent disorders: Behçet's disease, sarcoidosis, and noninfectious uveitis. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:286857. [PMID: 23983404 PMCID: PMC3747407 DOI: 10.1155/2013/286857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumoral necrosis factor α plays a central role in both the inflammatory response and that of the immune system. Thus, its blockade with the so-called anti-TNF agents (infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, and golimumab) has turned into the most important tool in the management of a variety of disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropatties, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis. Nonetheless, theoretically, some other autoimmune disorders may benefit from these agents. Our aim is to review these off-label uses of anti-TNF blockers in three common conditions: Behçet's disease, sarcoidosis, and noninfectious uveitis. Due to the insufficient number of adequate clinical trials and consequently to their lower prevalence compared to other immune disorders, this review is mainly based on case reports and case series.
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Lerman MA, Burnham JM, Chang PY, Daniel E, Foster CS, Hennessy S, Jabs DA, Joffe MM, Kaçmaz RO, Levy-Clarke GA, Mills MD, Nussenblatt RB, Rosenbaum JT, Suhler EB, Thorne JE, Kempen JH. Response of pediatric uveitis to tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors. J Rheumatol 2013; 40:1394-403. [PMID: 23818712 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.121180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the outcome of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibition (anti-TNF) for pediatric uveitis. METHODS We retrospectively assessed children (age ≤ 18 yrs) with noninfectious uveitis receiving anti-TNF at 5 uveitis centers and 1 pediatric rheumatology center. Incident treatment success was defined as minimal or no uveitis activity at ≥ 2 consecutive ophthalmological examinations ≥ 28 days apart while taking no oral and ≤ 2 eyedrops/day of corticosteroids. Eligible children had active uveitis and/or were taking higher corticosteroid doses. RESULTS Among 56 eligible children followed over 33.73 person-years, 52% had juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and 75% had anterior uveitis (AU). The Kaplan-Meier estimated proportion achieving treatment success within 12 months was 75% (95% CI 62%-87%). Complete absence of inflammatory signs with discontinuation of all corticosteroids was observed in an estimated 64% by 12 months (95% CI 51%-76%). Diagnoses of JIA or AU were associated with greater likelihood of success, as was the oligoarticular subtype among JIA cases. In a multivariable model, compared to those with JIA-associated AU, those with neither or with JIA or AU alone had a 75%-80% lower rate of achieving quiescence under anti-TNF, independent of the number of immunomodulators previously or concomitantly prescribed. Uveitis reactivated within 12 months of achieving quiescence in 14% of those continuing anti-TNF (95% CI 6%-31%). The incidence of discontinuation for adverse effects was 8%/year (95% CI 1%-43%). CONCLUSION Treatment with anti-TNF was successful and sustained in a majority of children with noninfectious uveitis, and treatment-limiting toxicity was infrequent. JIA-associated AU may be especially responsive to anti-TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Lerman
- Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Simonini G, Taddio A, Cattalini M, Caputo R, de Libero C, Parentin F, Pagnini I, Lepore L, Cimaz R. Superior efficacy of Adalimumab in treating childhood refractory chronic uveitis when used as first biologic modifier drug: Adalimumab as starting anti-TNF-α therapy in childhood chronic uveitis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013; 11:16. [PMID: 23587261 PMCID: PMC3637103 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonetheless biologic modifier therapies are available treatment strategies for sight-threatening uveitis in children, the lack of evidence from head-to-head randomized controlled studies limits our understanding of timing of therapy when to commence therapy, which agent to choose and how long to continue treatment, and, in case of failure, if switching to another anti-TNF-α strategy might be eventually an option. Our aim was to compare the efficacy of Adalimumab when used as first anti-TNFα therapy versus Adalimumab used after the failure of a previous anti-TNFα (Infliximab) in an open-label, comparative, multi-center, cohort study of childhood chronic uveitis. METHODS 26 patients (14 F, 12 M; median age: 8.6 years) with refractory, non-infectious active uveitis were enrolled. Due to the refractory course of uveitis to previous DMARD treatment, Group 1 received Adalimumab (24 mg/sq mt, every 2 weeks), as first anti-TNFα choice; Group 2 received Adalimumab, as second anti-TNFα drug, due to the loss of efficacy of Infliximab, administered after a period of at least 1 year. Both groups received Adalimumab for at least 1 year of treatment. Primary outcome was, once remission was achieved, the time to a first relapse. RESULTS 14 children (10 with JIA, 3 with idiopathic uveitis, 1 with Behçet's disease) were recruited in Group 1; 12 children (7 with JIA, 3 with idiopathic uveitis, 1 with early-onset sarcoidosis, 1 with Behçet's disease) in Group 2. Group 2 showed a lower probability to steroid discontinuation during the first 12 months of treatment (Mantel-Cox χ(2)4.12, p<0.04). In long-term follow-up, Group 1 had higher probability of uveitis remission during the time of treatment on Adalimumab (median ±SE: 18 ±1.1 vs 4 ±0.6 months, CI 95%: 15.6-27.5 vs 2.7-5.2, Mantel-Cox χ(2)10.12, p<0.002). CONCLUSIONS Even if limited to a relatively small group, our study suggests a better efficacy of Adalimumab when used as first anti-TNFα treatment in childhood chronic uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Simonini
- Department of Paediatrics, Rheumatology Unit, Anna Meyer Children’s Hospital, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, Firenze 24 50139, Italy
| | - Andrea Taddio
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo” – Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Caputo
- Department of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology Unit, Anna Meyer Children’s Hospital, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Cinzia de Libero
- Ophthalmology Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo” – Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fulvio Parentin
- Ophthalmology Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo” – Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pagnini
- Department of Paediatrics, Rheumatology Unit, Anna Meyer Children’s Hospital, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, Firenze 24 50139, Italy
| | - Loredana Lepore
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo” – Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rolando Cimaz
- Department of Paediatrics, Rheumatology Unit, Anna Meyer Children’s Hospital, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, Firenze 24 50139, Italy
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Cordero-Coma M, Yilmaz T, Onal S. Systematic Review of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Therapy for Treatment of Immune-mediated Uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2013; 21:19-27. [DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2012.723107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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de Inocencio Arocena J, Tejada Palacios P, Barceló Mendiguchía A, Enríquez Merayo E. [Clarifications on the article "sarcoidosis simulating a non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, treated with tumour necrosis factor antagonists"]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2013; 78:281. [PMID: 23274149 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is increasingly recognized in children and adolescents. Improved awareness, access to care, and subspecialty training in pediatric MS has allowed for better access to treatment. Children with MS present with an overwhelmingly relapsing form of the disease and have more frequent relapses than their adult counterparts during the early phases of disease. Cognitive deficits are prominent in pediatric MS, as opposed to locomotor disability. Beta interferons and glatiramer acetate are frequently used off-label drugs. Additional second-line therapies have occasionally been used in treatment failures. No randomized clinical trials have been performed to date in pediatric MS; however, recent legislation necessitates pediatric studies for new agents, which will allow for better defined pharmacokinetic, dosing, and efficacy data to guide the treating neurologist.
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Heo J, Sepah YJ, Yohannan J, Renner M, Akhtar A, Gregory A, Shulman M, Do DV, Nguyen QD. The role of biologic agents in the management of non-infectious uveitis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12:995-1008. [PMID: 22780091 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.688021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uveitis is an intriguing group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the uveal tract. Due to the potential grave consequences of the disease process, it is important to assess the various therapeutic options available for treating uveitis, and their outcomes. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the use of conventional agents in the management of uveitis, including discussion of the molecular and clinical properties of corticosteroids, antimetabolites, calcineurin inhibitors and alkylating agents and their side effects. In addition, it also discusses the molecular and clinical properties of novel biologic agents and their side effects. Moreover, recommendations as to when biologic agents should be employed are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION We recommend that in general (except in selected cases of Adamantiades-Behçet's disease) biologics should not be used as a first-line therapy for uveitis due to inconvenience, high cost, and potential immunosuppressive effects. However, many biologics are potent in inducing drug-free remission of uveitis and may be employed to manage recurrent diseases or diseases not responsive to conventional agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangwon Heo
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Retinal Imaging Research and Reading Center, 600 North Wolfe Street, Maumenee 745, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Systemic treatment of vitreous inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:936721. [PMID: 23028205 PMCID: PMC3457724 DOI: 10.1155/2012/936721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non infectious vitreous inflammation is often vision threatening and can be associated with potentially life-threatening systemic conditions. Treatment is often challenging as it involves systemic medications that can be associated with adverse effects. The classes of drugs are ever expanding and include corticosteroids, antimetabolites, alkylating agents, T-cell and calcineurin agents, biologic agents, and interferons. Each class of systemic therapy for non-infectious vitreous inflammation is reviewed. We discuss the mechanisms of action, usual clinical dosages, the specific conditions that are treated, the adverse effects, and usual course of treatment for each class of therapy.
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Sen ES, Sharma S, Hinchcliffe A, Dick AD, Ramanan AV. Use of adalimumab in refractory non-infectious childhood chronic uveitis: efficacy in ocular disease--a case cohort interventional study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012; 51:2199-203. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Efficacy and Safety of TNF Antagonists in Sarcoidosis: Data from the Spanish Registry of Biologics BIOBADASER and a Systematic Review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2012; 42:89-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Servat JJ, Mears KA, Black EH, Huang JJ. Biological agents for the treatment of uveitis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12:311-28. [PMID: 22339439 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.658366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The conventional treatment of uveitis includes corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents, which are highly efficacious, but can be associated with serious systemic side effects. Over the last two decades, advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, as well as improved biotechnology, have enabled selective targeting of the chemical mediators of diseases. Recently, a new class of drugs called biologics, that target the various mediators of the inflammation cascade, may potentially provide more effective and less toxic treatment. AREAS COVERED This article is a review and summary of the peer-reviewed evidence for biologic agents in the treatment of various forms of ocular inflammation and it focuses on the potential use of other biologic agents that have been tested in experimental autoimmune uveitis. Pubmed was used as our main tool for our literature search. Some additional references were taken from books written on the subject. EXPERT OPINION There are a wide variety of new and emerging biological agents currently being used in the treatment of uveitis which has expanded the therapeutic horizons far beyond previous limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Javier Servat
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 40 Temple Street, NH 06510, USA
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de Bie CI, Escher JC, de Ridder L. Antitumor necrosis factor treatment for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18:985-1002. [PMID: 21936033 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Infliximab, adalimumab, and certolizumab are monoclonal antibodies against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), a proinflammatory cytokine with an increased expression in the inflamed tissues of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Currently, infliximab is the only anti-TNF drug that has been approved for use in refractory pediatric Crohn's disease (CD). Nevertheless, adalimumab and certolizumab have been used off-label to treat refractory pediatric IBD. Over the past 10 years, anti-TNF treatment has been of great benefit to many pediatric IBD patients, but their use is not without risks (infections, autoimmune diseases, malignancies). Despite the growing experience with these drugs in children with IBD, optimal treatment strategies still need to be determined. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the use of anti-TNF drugs in pediatric IBD and to discuss the yet-unsolved issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte I de Bie
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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