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Serebryany E, Martin RW, Takahashi GR. The Functional Significance of High Cysteine Content in Eye Lens γ-Crystallins. Biomolecules 2024; 14:594. [PMID: 38786000 PMCID: PMC11118217 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cataract disease is strongly associated with progressively accumulating oxidative damage to the extremely long-lived crystallin proteins of the lens. Cysteine oxidation affects crystallin folding, interactions, and light-scattering aggregation especially strongly due to the formation of disulfide bridges. Minimizing crystallin aggregation is crucial for lifelong lens transparency, so one might expect the ubiquitous lens crystallin superfamilies (α and βγ) to contain little cysteine. Yet, the Cys content of γ-crystallins is well above the average for human proteins. We review literature relevant to this longstanding puzzle and take advantage of expanding genomic databases and improved machine learning tools for protein structure prediction to investigate it further. We observe remarkably low Cys conservation in the βγ-crystallin superfamily; however, in γ-crystallin, the spatial positioning of Cys residues is clearly fine-tuned by evolution. We propose that the requirements of long-term lens transparency and high lens optical power impose competing evolutionary pressures on lens βγ-crystallins, leading to distinct adaptations: high Cys content in γ-crystallins but low in βB-crystallins. Aquatic species need more powerful lenses than terrestrial ones, which explains the high methionine content of many fish γ- (and even β-) crystallins. Finally, we discuss synergies between sulfur-containing and aromatic residues in crystallins and suggest future experimental directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Serebryany
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Laufer Center for Physical & Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Rachel W. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, UCI Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, UCI Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA
| | - Gemma R. Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, UCI Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA
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2
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Ishiguro N, Horiguchi H, Katagiri S, Shiba T, Nakano T. Correlation between higher-order aberration and photophobia after cataract surgery. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274705. [PMID: 36107829 PMCID: PMC9477362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataract surgery impinges on the spatial properties and wavelength distribution of retinal images, which changes the degree of light-induced visual discomfort/photophobia. However, no study has analyzed the alteration in photophobia before and after cataract surgery or the association between retinal spatial property and photophobia. Here, we measured the higher-order aberrations (HOAs) of the entire eye and the subjective photophobia score. This study investigated 71 eyes in 71 patients who received conventional cataract surgery. Scaling of photophobia was based on the following grading system: when the patient is outdoor on a sunny day, score of 0 and 10 points were assigned to the absence of photophobia and the presence of severe photophobia prevents eye-opening, respectively. We decomposed wavefront errors using Zernike polynomials for a 3-mm pupil diameter and analyzed the association between photophobia scores and HOAs with Spearman’s rank sum correlation (rs). We classified patients into two groups: photophobia (PP) unconcerned included patients who selected 0 both preoperatively or postoperatively and PP concerned included the remaining patients. After cataract surgery, photophobia scores increased, remained unchanged (stable), and decreased in 3, 41, and 27 cases, respectively. In the stable group, 35 of 41 cases belonged to PP unconcerned. In PP concerned, there were significant correlations between photophobia score and postoperative root-mean-square values of total HOAs (rs = 0.52, p = 0.002), total coma (rs = 0.52, p = 0.002), total trefoil (rs = 0.47, p = 0.006), and third-order group (rs = 0.53, p = 0.002). In contrast, there was no significant correlation between photophobia scores and preoperative HOAs. Our results suggest that the spatial properties of retinal image modified by HOAs may affect the degree of photophobia. Scattering light due to cataracts could contribute to photophobia more than HOAs, which may mask the effect of HOAs for photophobia preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Ishiguro
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Horiguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Satoshi Katagiri
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tadashi Nakano
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Georgalas I, Tservakis I, Papaconstantinou D, Ladas I, Karagiannis D, Koutsandrea C. Posterior capsular rupture, lens dislocation and absorption after blunt trauma. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 94:233-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2010.00531.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Georgalas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, ‘G Gennimatas’ Hospital, Athens, Greece E‐mail:
| | - Ioannis Tservakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, ‘G Gennimatas’ Hospital, Athens, Greece E‐mail:
| | | | - Ioannis Ladas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, ‘G Gennimatas’ Hospital, Athens, Greece E‐mail:
| | - Dimitris Karagiannis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, ‘G Gennimatas’ Hospital, Athens, Greece E‐mail:
| | - Chryssanthi Koutsandrea
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, ‘G Gennimatas’ Hospital, Athens, Greece E‐mail:
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4
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Chaniyara MH, Pujari A, Aron N, Sharma N. Optimising the surgical outcome in a case of post-traumatic cataract using ultrasound biomicroscopy. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-220579. [PMID: 28751510 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-220579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 12-year-old boy was brought with the chief complaint of diminution of vision in his left eye for the past 1 month. History revealed a blunt trauma to his left eye with a wooden stick 6 weeks ago.Visual acuity was 20/20 and hand movement close to face in right and left eye, respectively, without any relative afferent pupillarydefect. Slit-lamp examination showed a total cataractous lens with signs suggestive of suspected posterior capsular (PC) defect. The PC defect was screened initially using B-scan ultrasound of the posterior segment, followed by confirmation of the same using ultrasound biomicroscopy. Left eye lens aspiration along with limited anterior vitrectomy followed by placement of multipiece intraocular lens in the sulcus was performed. Best-corrected visual acuity at 6 months of follow-up was 20/20.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amar Pujari
- Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelima Aron
- Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Namrata Sharma
- Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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5
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Wong MY, Man RE, Gupta P, Sabanayagam C, Wong TY, Cheng CY, Lamoureux EL. Prevalence, subtypes, severity and determinants of ocular trauma: The Singapore Chinese Eye Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2017. [PMID: 28625972 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the prevalence, subtypes, severity and determinants of ocular trauma (OT) in a population-based study in Singapore. METHODS We included 3353 Chinese adults aged ≥40 years from the Singapore Chinese Eye Study, a population-based study, conducted between 2009 and 2011. OT was defined as self-reported history of any eye injury requiring medical attention with or without hospitalisation, and further classified as blunt object, sharp object or chemical burns related. Age and gender-standardised prevalence was estimated using the 2010 Singapore Chinese population census. Multivariable models were used to assess the independent associations of OT with age, gender, income, education, literacy, alcohol consumption, smoking and history of falls. RESULTS The mean (SD) age was 59.7 (9.9) years and 49.4% were male. There were 138 OT cases, giving a crude and age and gender-standardised prevalence of 4.1% (95% CI 3.5% to 4.8%) and 4.4% (95% CI 3.7% to 5.2%), respectively. Of these, 45 (32.6%), 56 (40.6%) and 10 (7.3%) were blunt object, sharp object and chemical burns-related trauma, respectively. Twenty eight (20.3%) required hospitalisation, with no difference between subtypes. In multivariable models, men (OR (95% CI): 2.80 (1.79-4.39)), younger persons (per year decrease in age (1.03 (1.00-1.05)) and lower education levels (1.8 (1.25-2.60); comparing ≤6 years vs >6 years of education) were independent determinants of OT. CONCLUSIONS OT affected one in 25 adults, with 20% of these requiring hospitalisation. Because OT is preventable, raising awareness and education strategies in the population would allow prevention of vision loss particularly in men, and younger and lesser-educated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Yz Wong
- Health Services Research, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ryan Ek Man
- Health Services Research, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Preeti Gupta
- Health Services Research, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Medical Director's Office, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Glaucoma Department, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ecosse Luc Lamoureux
- Health Services Research, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Academic Medicine Research Institute (AMRI), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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6
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Marra KV, Wagley S, Kuperwaser MC, Campo R, Arroyo JG. Care of Older Adults: Role of Primary Care Physicians in the Treatment of Cataracts and Macular Degeneration. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 64:369-77. [PMID: 26825587 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to facilitate optimal management of cataracts and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by providing information on indications, risk factors, referral guidelines, and treatments and to describe techniques to maximize quality of life (QOL) for people with irreversible vision loss. A review of PubMed and other online databases was performed for peer-reviewed English-language articles from 1980 through August 2012 on visual impairment in elderly adults. Search terms included vision loss, visual impairment, blind, low vision, QOL combined with age-related, elderly, and aging. Articles were selected that discussed vision loss in elderly adults, effects of vision impairment on QOL, and care strategies to manage vision loss in older adults. The ability of primary care physicians (PCPs) to identify early signs of cataracts and AMD in individuals at risk of vision loss is critical to early diagnosis and management of these common age-related eye diseases. PCPs can help preserve vision by issuing aptly timed referrals and encouraging behavioral modifications that reduce risk factors. With knowledge of referral guidelines for soliciting low-vision rehabilitation services, visual aids, and community support resources, PCPs can considerably increase the QOL of individuals with uncorrectable vision loss. By offering appropriately timed referrals, promoting behavioral modifications, and allocating low-vision care resources, PCPs may play a critical role in preserving visual health and enhancing the QOL for the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle V Marra
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sushant Wagley
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Mark C Kuperwaser
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rafael Campo
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jorge G Arroyo
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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7
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Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Emamian MH, Shariati M, Mohazzab-Torabi S, Fotouhi A. Past History of Ocular Trauma in an Iranian Population-Based Study: Prevalence and its Associated Factors. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2015; 22:377-82. [PMID: 26180480 PMCID: PMC4502185 DOI: 10.4103/0974-9233.159766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of a history of ocular trauma and its association to age, sex, and biometric components. Materials and Methods: Residents of Shahroud, Iran aged 40–64 years, were sampled through a cross-sectional study using multistage cluster sampling. Three hundred clusters were randomly selected, and 20 individuals were systematically selected from each cluster. The subjects underwent optometric and ophthalmic examinations, and ocular imaging. A history of ocular trauma was determined through personal interviews. Results: The prevalence of a history of trauma and blunt trauma, sharp trauma, and chemical burns were 8.57%, 3.91%, 3.82%, and 1.93%, respectively. After adjusting for age, the rate of all types of trauma was significantly higher for males. Only the prevalence of chemical burns significantly decreased with aging. A history of hospitalization was stated by 1.64% of the subjects. The axial length was significantly longer in cases with a history of trauma. The corneal curvature was significantly larger in cases with a history of sharp trauma and chemical burns. The prevalence of corneal opacities was significantly higher among cases with a history of the blunt trauma odds ratio (OR = 2.33) and sharp trauma (OR = 4.46). Based on corrected visual acuity, the odds of blindness was 3.32 times higher in those with a history of ocular trauma (P < 0.001). Conclusion: A considerable proportion of the 40–64-year-old population reported a history of ocular trauma. This observation has important health implications. Blindness, corneal opacities, and posterior subcapsular cataract were observed more frequently among these cases, and they demonstrated differences in some ocular biometric components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hassan Emamian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shariati
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Akbar Fotouhi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Manayi A, Abdollahi M, Raman T, Nabavi SF, Habtemariam S, Daglia M, Nabavi SM. Lutein and cataract: from bench to bedside. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:829-39. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1049510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Manayi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Thiagarajan Raman
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India,
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Medway School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham-Maritime, Kent, UK, and
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
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9
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Kumar V, Sankhyan V, Thakur A. Ophthalmic diseases and disorders in free-ranging rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) of Shivalik hill area of Himachal Pradesh, Northern India. J Med Primatol 2015; 44:89-96. [PMID: 25656638 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The studies on ophthalmic diseases and disorders in a population of rhesus macaques, in particular with free-ranging macaques, are limited mainly by the difficulty in capturing animals and obtaining samples. METHODS From October 2011 to 2013, prevalence of various ophthalmic affections was recorded and analyzed on the basis of sex, age-group, and disease condition both in urban and peri-urban free-ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) from various locations in Shivalik hill areas of Himachal Pradesh in northern India, as a part of clinical health examination. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Ophthalmic diseases were more prevalent in macaques captured from urban settings than those from peri-urban, and difference between two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Further classification of ophthalmic diseases revealed that traumatic injuries, corneal opacity, and cataract were significantly higher in urban than those in peri-urban macaque (P < 0.01). Similarly, the ophthalmic disorders among different age-groups were also found statistically significant (P < 0.01). The effect of sex on ophthalmic disorders was not found significant. Overviewing these results, disturbances in environment, close proximity to humans, and increasing age may lead to ophthalmic occurrences in these free-range macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Kumar
- Forest Division, Monkey Sterilization Centre, Hamirpur, HP, India
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10
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Megbele Y, Lam KBH, Sadhra S. Risks of cataract in Nigerian metal arc welders. Occup Med (Lond) 2012; 62:331-6. [PMID: 22661605 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqs034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from welding is considered a risk factor for cataract and other eye disorders, but the evidence for such effects is limited. AIMS To identify any increased risk of developing cataract from metal arc welding and to investigate the associated risk factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on male welders and control subjects (not engaged in welding) from five fabrication and construction companies in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A questionnaire was used to gather information regarding their demography and lifestyle, along with their occupational, medical and ocular histories. Cataract was identified by external examination and ophthalmoscopy. RESULTS A total of 117 welders and 105 controls participated. There was no statistically significant increase in the risk of cataract in welders after adjusting for age, smoking status, family history of cataract, outdoor work and history of eye injury. There was a strong association between work-related eye-injury history and cataract. Only 60% of welders were wearing eye protection when the eye injury occurred. The majority of the eye injuries (72%) occurred during welding and grinding operations. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that the main occupational risk factor for cataract was a history of eye injuries. The role of UV (or optical) radiation appeared to be less important than impact eye injuries associated with welding-allied processes. It is therefore important that welders are provided with different types of eye protection and are informed about which type should be used, and when, so that they can be protected against optical and impact injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Megbele
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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11
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Wang JD, Xu L, Wang YX, You QS, Zhang JS, Jonas JB. Prevalence and incidence of ocular trauma in North China: the Beijing Eye Study. Acta Ophthalmol 2012; 90:e61-7. [PMID: 21883988 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02230.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence and incidence of ocular trauma and proportion of trauma-related visual impairment in the population of Greater Beijing. METHODS The population-based Beijing Eye Study included 4439 subjects in 2001, of whom 3251 subjects returned for follow-up examination in 2006 (response rate: 73.3%). The subjects underwent a comprehensive ocular evaluation. Prospective information on ocular trauma and type of treatment was recorded with questionnaires in face-to-face interviews. RESULTS A history of ocular trauma was reported by 72 (1.6 ± 0.2%) subjects (age-standardized prevalence: 1.7 ± 0.01%). Prevalence of ocular trauma history was associated with male gender (p = 0.02), rural residence (p = 0.04) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.01). Trauma as underlying cause for visual impairment (best-corrected visual acuity < 20/60 and ≥ 20/400) was found in 4 (6.6%) eyes and as underlying cause for blindness (best-corrected visual acuity <20/400) in three eyes (4.2%). In the survey of 2006, 116 (3.6 ± 0.3%) participants had a self-reported history of ocular trauma, which was associated with male gender (p = 0.002), low income (p = 0.01) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.016). The 5-year incidence of ocular trauma was 2.6 ± 0.3%, which was associated with male gender (p = 0.02), younger age (p = 0.037) and lower income (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS In the adult population of Greater Beijing with an age of 40+ years, the prevalence of ocular trauma was 1.6 ± 0.2% and was associated with male gender, rural residence and alcohol consumption. The age-standardized ocular trauma prevalence of 1.7 ± 0.01% was comparable with figures from Caucasian populations. The 5-year incidence of ocular trauma of 2.6 ± 0.3% was associated with male gender, younger age and lower income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin D Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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12
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Hu Y, Shen J, Zhang S, Yang T, Huang S, Yuan H. A novel splicing mutation of the FRMD7 gene in a Chinese family with X-linked congenital nystagmus. Mol Vis 2012; 18:87-91. [PMID: 22262942 PMCID: PMC3261083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify a potential pathogenic mutation in a four-generation Chinese family with X-linked congenital nystagmus (XLCN). METHODS Routine clinical examination and ophthalmic evaluation were performed on normal controls, two patients and two healthy members of the family. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral blood of members of the family and from 50 normal controls. All coding exons and the intronic boundaries of the four-point-one (4.1), ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain-containing 7 (FRMD7) gene were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct sequencing. RESULTS A previously unreported splicing mutation, c.163-1 G→T transversion (c.163-1 G>T), was detected preceding exon3 of FRMD7 in the patients but not in the unaffected family members and 50 unrelated healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel mutation (c.163-1 G→T) of FRMD7 in this Chinese family with XLCN. Our finding is the first report related to c.163-1 G→T mutation in FRMD7. The result expands the mutation spectrum of FRMD7 in association with congenital nystagmus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuihua Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Control of Hereditary Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shangzhi Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Control of Hereditary Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Huiping Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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13
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Chua D, Wong W, Lamoureux EL, Aung T, Saw SM, Wong TY. The prevalence and risk factors of ocular trauma: the Singapore Indian eye study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2012; 18:281-7. [PMID: 22053838 DOI: 10.3109/09286586.2011.628775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the prevalence and risk factors of ocular trauma in an urban Southeast Asian population. METHODS A population-based survey of 3,400 (75.6% response rate) adults of Indian ethnicity aged 40-80 years residing in Singapore was conducted in 2007-2009. An age-stratified (10-year age group) random sampling procedure was performed to select participants. Ocular trauma was defined as any eye injury requiring medical attention and any history of ocular trauma was documented using a standardized and validated questionnaire comprising seven questions. Potential risk factors associated with ocular trauma included age, gender, socioeconomic status, occupation, housing type, alcohol consumption, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and history of falls. RESULTS Ocular trauma was reported in 5.1% (n = 162; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.3-6.1%) of the study population, of whom 26.5% (n = 43) required hospitalization. A total of 42.0% (n = 68) of cases resulted from a blunt object, 36.4% (n = 59) from a sharp object, and 15.4% (n = 25) from chemical burns. After adjusting for age and sex, men had a higher prevalence of ocular trauma (7.1% vs. 3.0%, age-adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.2, 95% CI 1.6-3.1). A history of cigarette smoking was associated with higher likelihood of ocular trauma (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.4) but not consumption of alcohol (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6-1.6). CONCLUSIONS One in twenty Indian adults in this urban Southeast Asian population had a history of ocular trauma, similar to the prevalence reported in Malays living in Singapore. Men and cigarette smokers were more likely to have incurred ocular trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chua
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
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14
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Seruca C, Molina-López R, Peña T, Leiva M. Ocular consequences of blunt trauma in two species of nocturnal raptors (Athene noctua and Otus scops). Vet Ophthalmol 2011; 15:236-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00976.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Georgalas I, Ladas I, Papacostantinou D, Taliatzis S, Koutsandrea C. Management of crystalline lens dislocation into the anterior chamber in a victim of domestic violence. Clin Exp Optom 2011; 95:113-5. [PMID: 22017674 DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2011.00637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A 53-year-old woman presented with a right eye injury due to domestic violence. The crystalline lens in that eye was completely dislocated into the anterior chamber, fixated by the cornea and the iris. Fundoscopy showed a mild vitreous haemorrhage and a giant retinal tear. A modified lensectomy with a fragmatome was performed. During this procedure the capsule was preserved first to minimise the risk of corneal damage and second to reduce vitreous traction, which would repair the giant retinal tear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Georgalas
- Department of Ophthalmology, G.Gennimatas Hospital of Athens, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Sasaki Y, Kodama R, Iwashige S, Fujishima J, Yoshikawa T, Kamimura Y, Maeda H. Bilateral cataract in a cynomolgus monkey. J Toxicol Pathol 2011; 24:69-73. [PMID: 22319229 PMCID: PMC3234629 DOI: 10.1293/tox.24.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe bilateral cataract was found in a 7 year-old naïve female cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) 3 months before necropsy. During macroscopic examination, severe opacity and thinning of the lens were observed in both eyes. Histopathology revealed that the lens nuclei and majority of cortex lens fibers had disappeared and become excavated, while the lens fibers in the subcapsular area were swollen and distorted. Other observations included atrophy and vacuolation in the lens epithelial cells and proliferation of spindle cells and collagen fiber beneath the anterior capsule of the right eye. Immunohistochemical staining of these spindle cells revealed the presence of vimentin, cytokeratin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), which were considered to be derived from lens epithelial cells. This is a rare case of spontaneous, bilateral, hypermature cataract in a cynomolgus monkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Sasaki
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., 2438 Miyanoura, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
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Klein BEK, Knudtson MD, Brazy P, Lee KE, Klein R. Cystatin C, other markers of kidney disease, and incidence of age-related cataract. ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (CHICAGO, ILL. : 1960) 2008; 126:1724-30. [PMID: 19064855 PMCID: PMC2725395 DOI: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2008.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the 15-year incidence of 3 specific types of age-related cataract as related to cystatin C and other measures of kidney function. METHODS Examinations of a population-based cohort (n = 4926) occurred at 5-year intervals for 15 years. Assessment of medical history, examination, and photographs of the lens after pupil dilation were performed at each examination. Protocols for photography and grading were used. Laboratory measures were from specimens collected at baseline. RESULTS In multivariable analyses, a 1-SD increase in the logarithm of cystatin C was associated with 15-year incidence of cortical (odds ratio [OR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.41) and posterior subcapsular (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.02-1.50) cataracts. One SD increase in the logarithm of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were associated with 15-year incidence of posterior subcapsular cataract (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04-1.42 and OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.03-1.54, respectively). CONCLUSION Increased levels of cystatin C are associated with increased risk of specific types of age-related cataract. Whether the associations are due to the metabolic changes associated with decreased renal function, common genes, or both awaits further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E K Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, Madison, WI 53726, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect of blunt ocular trauma on refractive astigmatism. METHODS Eighty-six eyes of 86 patients with known previous refractive status exposed to blunt ocular trauma were included in the study. Trauma-induced astigmatism (TIA) was calculated using vector analysis. In eyes with TIA, central corneal thickness was assessed by ultrasound pachymetry, and corneal topographies were obtained. Anterior-chamber angles were examined by Goldmann 3-mirror lens to find microhemorrhages, scarring, or recession. Patients were followed up between 8 and 12 months (average, 9.2 months). RESULTS In 18 eyes (21%), TIA was detected. Six (7%) of these eyes had lenticular astigmatism caused by traumatic lens subluxation. In the remaining 12 eyes (14%), corneal topography showed regular astigmatic patterns, which were symmetrical in 3 eyes and asymmetric in the remaining 9. The etiologic factor was a game marble in 6 eyes and a stone in the remaining 6. The mean central corneal thickness was 535.75 microm (range, 498-570 microm) in these 12 eyes. In 9 of these 12 eyes, recession or scarring in the anterior-chamber angle was detected at 1 edge of the steepest axis. CONCLUSIONS Blunt trauma can induce astigmatism. Hard and small objects are more likely to induce astigmatism.
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Klein BEK, Klein R, Lee KE, Knudtson MD, Tsai MY. Markers of inflammation, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and age-related cataract. Am J Ophthalmol 2006; 141:116-22. [PMID: 16386984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2005] [Revised: 08/02/2005] [Accepted: 08/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the associations of systemic markers of inflammatory disease and vascular endothelial dysfunction with three types of age-related cataract. DESIGN Cross-sectional analyses of data from a population-based sample of adults. METHODS Standardized protocols for blood collection, measurement of markers, administration of a questionnaire, and grading of lens photographs to determine cataract were used. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. SETTINGS Cohort in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. STUDY POPULATION A random sample of 396 persons who were > or =50 years of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Prevalent age-related nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataract. RESULTS Interleukin-6 and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 were associated significantly with prevalent nuclear cataract (odds ratio for each quartile, 1.45 and 2.17, respectively). Many of the associations of markers with cataract types were not linear. There were no significant associations between the markers and cortical or posterior subcapsular cataract. CONCLUSION Two serum markers of systemic inflammation and vascular endothelial dysfunction were associated with nuclear cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E K Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 610 N. Walnut Street, 460 WARF, Madison, WI 53726, USA.
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