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Jiang W, Yang L, Liang S. The relationship between sex hormone levels and ocular surface parameters in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1429154. [PMID: 39119007 PMCID: PMC11307148 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1429154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The study aimed to investigate the correlation between the change of sex hormone levels and ocular surface parameters in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty(ICPP). Methods Eighteen girls with ICPP and 18 age-matched normal girls participated in this study, all of the participants had undergone physical measurements, laboratory tests, imaging examination and ocular surface assessments. Results The Objective Scatter Index (OSI) in the ICPP group was significantly higher than in the control group (P = 0.031), girls with ICPP showed slightly lower MNITBUT compared to the normal control group, although this difference was not statistically significant. Bivariate analysis revealed a positive association between estradiol and OSI (r=0.383, P=0.021), Additionally, in the study population, both Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were negatively correlated with Mean noninvasive tear breakup time (MNITBUT) (r=-0.359, P=0.031)(r=-0.357, P=0.032). Conclusion In comparison with the normal control group, alterations in the OSI were observed in girls with ICPP. This alteration may be associated with an elevation in estrogen levels. Although there was a slight non-significant decrease in NITBUT in ICPP girls, the negative correlation between LH and FSH with MNITBUT suggests new perspective for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Lixia Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
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Van L, Bennett S, Nicholas SE, Hjortdal J, McKay TB, Karamichos D. Prospective Observational Study Evaluating Systemic Hormones and Corneal Crosslinking Effects in Keratoconus. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2024; 4:100364. [PMID: 37868794 PMCID: PMC10585634 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate associations between hormone levels and corneal parameters in patients with keratoconus (KC), before and after photooxidative corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL). Design Prospective, observational cohort study. Participants Twenty-eight patients with KC who were scheduled for CXL at Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark. Methods Androgen (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [DHEA-S]) and estrogen (estrone and estriol) plasma levels were measured and clinical assessments were performed before CXL and 2 to 3 months post-CXL, comparing the CXL eye with the control eye from the same participant. Main Outcome Measures Associations between hormone levels and maximum corneal curvature (Kmax) and minimum central corneal thickness (CCtmin) before and after CXL. Results Corneal collagen crosslinking was associated with a 2% reduction in Kmax values in the CXL eye, post-CXL, from baseline (median, 56.8 diopters [D]; 95% confidence interval [CI], 50.4-60.3) to the second visit (55.7 D; 95% CI, 50.4-58.8; P < 0.001). Systemic DHEA-S levels were 5 to 6 orders of magnitude higher than estriol or estrone concentrations in plasma. Importantly, estriol levels, rather than DHEA-S or estrone levels, were more closely correlated with Kmax before CXL (Spearman's r = 0.55, P = 0.01). Post-CXL Kmax and CCtmin were not associated with DHEA-S, estrone, or estriol plasma levels at the same timepoint. Conclusions This study provides supporting evidence based on a KC clinical population that systemic estrogen levels may influence corneal parameters (curvature and thickness) pre-CXL. Further studies evaluating the interplay between the therapeutic benefits of CXL and systemic hormone distributions are needed to determine if perturbation of the local corneal microenvironment influences endocrine function. Financial Disclosures The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyly Van
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Sashia Bennett
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Sarah E. Nicholas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Jesper Hjortdal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Tina B. McKay
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
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Gui SY, Wang F, Qiao JC, Wang XC, Huang ZH, Yang F, Hu CY, Tao FB, Tao LM, Liu DW, Yi XL, Jiang ZX. Short-term effect of meteorological factors and extreme weather events on daily outpatient visits for dry eye disease between 2013 and 2020: a time-series study in Urumqi, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:111967-111981. [PMID: 37821738 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a common disorder of tear secretion on the ocular surface caused by multiple factors with dry eyes as the main symptom, but until now studies focusing on relationship between local meteorological factors and ocular surface diseases in Urumqi are very limited. Besides, the effects of long-term and extreme meteorological factors on DED and the lag effect have not been fully evaluated. Electronic case information of 9970 DED outpatients from the Ophthalmology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Urumqi, Xinjiang, China) between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2020, was screened and analyzed. We used a time-series analysis design and a quasi-Poisson generalized linear regression model combined with a distributed lagged nonlinear model (DLNM) to fit the effects of exposure to different meteorological factors and extreme weather on DED outpatient visits. Subgroup analyses were further performed for gender, age, and season. The results showed that exposure to extremely low mean temperature (P1:RR = 1.18), atmospheric pressure (P1:RR = 1.11), and extremely high relative humidity (P99:RR = 1.35) were the risk factors, while extremely high atmospheric pressure (P90:RR = 0.883) and extremely low humidity (P10:RR = 0.856) appeared to have a positive effect on reduced risk of DED. Relative humidity exhibited a 1-day lag effect (RR = 1.06). Increased mean temperature positively affected female DED patients (RR = 0.761) with similar effects in the cold season (RR = 0.926). However, elevated relative humidity had a negative effect on female patients (RR = 1.14). We conducted the first large sample size time-series analysis study in this major city at the farthest distance from the ocean in the world and in northwest China, confirming the association of DED outpatient visits with the remaining three meteorological factors except wind speed in Urumqi, and a larger sample size multi-center epidemiological study with a longer duration is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Gui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jian-Chao Qiao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xin-Chen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Cheng-Yang Hu
- Department of Humanistic Medicine, School of Humanistic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Ming Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Dong-Wei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiang-Long Yi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyu Shan Road, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Zheng-Xuan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China.
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Boga A, Stapleton F, Chapman M, Golebiowski B. Effects of elevated serum estrogen on dry eye in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:511-520. [PMID: 37422153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sex hormones impact inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. During IVF (in vitro fertilisation) treatment, circulating estrogen levels increase dramatically (10-50x) alongside changes in other hormones. This study examined changes in dry eye with IVF and its relationship with sex hormones. METHODS A two visit study was conducted on first day of menstruation when estrogen levels are lowest (baseline visit), and on day 9-11 (peak estrogen visit (PO)) of IVF. Symptoms of dry eye and ocular pain and signs of dry eye were examined. Serum hormone levels were assessed using mass spectrometry and immunoassay. Changes in signs and symptoms and associations were explored. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis assessed factors contributing to signs and symptoms. RESULTS 40 women (36.2 ± 4.0 years) completed the study. Baseline and PO oestradiol (E2) levels were 28.9 pg/ml (20) (median (IQR)); 1360 pg/ml (1276) respectively. Ocular pain and dry eye symptoms worsened (p = 0.02 and p < 0.01) and tear break up and tear secretion values decreased (p = 0.005 and 0.01) at PO. Higher E2 and lower luteinizing hormone (LH) were associated with worsening of dry eye symptoms (ρ = 0.34 p = 0.03, ρ = -0.49 p = 0.001). Reduction in LH and increase in progesterone (P4) were associated with increased ocular pain (ρ = 0.45, p = 0.004 and ρ = 0.39, p = 0.01). Dry eye symptoms were predicted by LH and tear break up (p = 0.02; R2 = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS IVF treatment resulted in significantly increased ocular symptoms and tear film alterations although these changes were not clinically significant. Dry eye signs and symptoms were poorly predicted by hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Boga
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
| | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
| | - Michael Chapman
- St.George's Hospital and School of Women's & Children's Health UNSW Sydney, Australia; IVF Australia, Southern Sydney, Australia.
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Expression of Androgen and Estrogen Receptors in the Human Lacrimal Gland. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065609. [PMID: 36982683 PMCID: PMC10053362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lacrimal gland dysfunction causes dry eye disease (DED) due to decreased tear production. Aqueous-deficient DED is more prevalent in women, suggesting that sexual dimorphism of the human lacrimal gland could be a potential cause. Sex steroid hormones are a key factor in the development of sexual dimorphism. This study aimed to quantify estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) expression in the human lacrimal gland and compare it between sexes. RNA was isolated from 35 human lacrimal gland tissue samples collected from 19 cornea donors. AR, ERα, and ERβ mRNA was identified in all samples, and their expression was quantified using qPCR. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on selected samples to evaluate protein expression of the receptors. ERα mRNA expression was significantly higher than the expression of AR and ERβ. No difference in sex steroid hormone (SSH) receptor mRNA expression was observed between sexes, and no correlation was observed with age. If ERα protein expression is found to be concordant with mRNA expression, it should be investigated further as a potential target for hormone therapy of DED. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of sex steroid hormone receptors in sex-related differences of lacrimal gland structure and disease.
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Douglass A, Dattilo M, Feola AJ. Evidence for Menopause as a Sex-Specific Risk Factor for Glaucoma. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:79-97. [PMID: 34981287 PMCID: PMC9250947 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and is characterized by progressive loss of visual function and retinal ganglion cells (RGC). Current epidemiological, clinical, and basic science evidence suggest that estrogen plays a role in the aging of the optic nerve. Menopause, a major biological life event affecting all women, coincides with a decrease in circulating sex hormones, such as estrogen. While 59% of the glaucomatous population are females, sex is not considered a risk factor for developing glaucoma. In this review, we explore whether menopause is a sex-specific risk factor for glaucoma. First, we investigate how menopause is defined as a sex-specific risk factor for other pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, and bone health. Next, we discuss clinical evidence that highlights the potential role of menopause in glaucoma. We also highlight preclinical studies that demonstrate larger vision and RGC loss following surgical menopause and how estrogen is protective in models of RGC injury. Lastly, we explore how surgical menopause and estrogen signaling are related to risk factors associated with developing glaucoma (e.g., intraocular pressure, aqueous outflow resistance, and ocular biomechanics). We hypothesize that menopause potentially sets the stage to develop glaucoma and therefore is a sex-specific risk factor for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Douglass
- grid.484294.7Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA USA
| | - Michael Dattilo
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Ophthalmology, Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, B2503, Clinic B Building, 1365B Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,grid.414026.50000 0004 0419 4084Department of Ophthalmology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.213917.f0000 0001 2097 4943Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Andrew J. Feola
- grid.484294.7Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Ophthalmology, Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, B2503, Clinic B Building, 1365B Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA ,grid.213917.f0000 0001 2097 4943Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
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7
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Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking to Explore the Mechanism of Qiju Dihuang Pill against Dry Eye Disease. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7316794. [PMID: 36590763 PMCID: PMC9800906 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7316794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface, which affects the quality of life and work efficiency of affected patients. The traditional Chinese medicine formula Qiju Dihuang Pill (QJDHP) has a good therapeutic effect on DED. However, the pharmacological mechanism is not clear. Objective To explore the mechanism of QJDHP in the treatment of DED based on network pharmacology. Method The active components in QJDHP were screened in Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP), and putative molecular targets of QJDHP were identified using the SwissTargetPrediction database. DED-related targets were screened by GeneCards and OMIM. We established protein-protein interaction (PPI) and core targets and corresponding active compound network by Cytoscape to identify the core targets and main compounds of QJDHP against DED. DAVID database was utilized for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Molecular docking was used to evaluate the binding activity between key active compounds and core targets. Results The results of network pharmacology showed that 253 targets of QJDHP were related to DED. PPI network analysis showed the 18 core targets. The binding affinity of docking results ranged from -5.7 to -9.3 kcal/mol, indicating a good docking effect. The results of GO enrichment analysis showed that the mechanism of QJDHP in the treatment of DED mainly involved biological processes such as apoptosis, oxidative stress, response to estrogen, angiogenesis, and the regulation of transcription factors. KEGG analysis showed that QJDHP may be regulated by the TNF signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and estrogen signaling pathway in the treatment of DED. Conclusion In this study, we demonstrated the multicomponent, multitarget, and multichannel action mechanism of QJDHP in the treatment of DED and provided a foundation for further drug development research.
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Phan MAT, Gibson E, Golebiowski B, Stapleton F, Jenner AM, Bucknall MP. Analysis of sex steroids in human tears using LC-MS and GC-MS: Considerations and developments to improve method sensitivity and accuracy. Exp Eye Res 2022; 225:109283. [PMID: 36273577 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sex steroids play a role in regulation of tear film function and may exert their action locally at the ocular surface. However, measurement of sex steroids in tears is difficult due to small-volume tear samples and very low concentrations of the hormones. This short communication highlights what has been achieved to date in the analysis of tear sex steroids using ultra-performance LC-MS (UPLC-MS) as previously published, and reports further and more recent investigations toward optimising mass spectrometry method sensitivity and accuracy. The published UPLC-MS method successfully measured progesterone, androsterone glucuronide and 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol in pooled basal tears of postmenopausal women, and fourteen sex steroid standards in methanol. Limitations included sub-optimal limits of detection (LOD) and lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) for some analytes (particularly oestrogens), exclusion of sample matrix effects and no use of internal standards. This update reports on further experiments carried out to improve sensitivity and accuracy. Sample matrix effects, internal standard spiking, and derivatisation with dansyl chloride and oximes were investigated. Dansylation significantly improved the LOD and LLOQ of oestrogens and their metabolites, by a factor of 10 for oestradiol and a factor of 5 for oestrone, but sensitivity of this updated method is not sufficient however for analysis of these oestrogens in human tears. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as an alternative technique to LC-MS, improved sensitivity for derivatised oestradiol is reported. This work demonstrates the need to develop higher sensitivity methods and points researchers towards specific MS ionisation techniques for future analysis of sex steroids in tears, in order to progress current understanding of the role of sex steroids in tear function and dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Anh Thu Phan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Emma Gibson
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Optometry, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Blanka Golebiowski
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew M Jenner
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Martin P Bucknall
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Sex Steroid Hormone Analysis in Human Tear Fluid Using a Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314864. [PMID: 36499192 PMCID: PMC9735929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The marked sexual dimorphism prevalent in inflammatory/autoimmune diseases is mostly due to sex hormone actions. One common eye disease that disproportionately affects women is dry eye. Thus, our aim was to optimise our highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for steroid hormone quantification in tear fluid (TF). We used tears and matched serum samples from 10 heathy individuals. Estrone, estradiol testosterone, progesterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone, were quantified with an HPLC coupled with a Triple Quad 5500 MS. Estrone was measured in 80% of female and 20% of male TF samples (mean ± SD, 68.9 ± 62.2 pmol/L), whereas estradiol was undetectable in tears. Progesterone was identified in half of the female tear samples (2.91 ± 3.47 nmol/L) but in none of the male samples, whereas testosterone was quantifiable only in male tears (0.24 ± 0.1 nmol/L). TF hormone levels were, on average, from 1.4% to 55% of systemic values. Estrone, progesterone, and testosterone levels in tears correlated with the matching serum samples (r = 0.82, 0.79, and 0.85, respectively), but androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone showed no correlations. Our LC-MS/MS method could detect five out of the six steroid hormones studied in individual human TF samples and could therefore be used to analyse the role of sex steroids in eye diseases.
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10
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Zhao H, Wu SN, Zhang Q, Zhao C, Shu HY, Ge QM, Shao Y. Video display terminal use and other risk factors for abnormal blinking in children: gender differences. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:428. [PMID: 34893048 PMCID: PMC8665574 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors for abnormal blinking in children and compare these between boys and girls. METHODS Children attending the Children's Optometry Clinic between June 2019 and June 2020 were recruited for the study. The time they had spent viewing video displays (VDTt) over the past 6 months was recorded. Incomplete blinking (IB) and blinking rate were measured and all participants were allocated to groups based on their blink rate (<20 times/min = normal blinking group, NBG; ≥20 times/min = abnormal blinking group, ABG). Tear film (TF) stability was also evaluated. The corresponding statistical methods are used to analyze the data. RESULTS A total of 87 boys and 80 girls were enrolled in the study. No significant difference in age was found between the 2 groups. There was a significant difference in TF stability between the two groups (P<0.05). According to binary logistic analysis, VDTt and ocular protection index (OPI) are important risk factors for abnormal blinking, with cut-off values of 1.75 hours and 1.014 respectively in boys; and 1.25 hours and 1.770 respectively in girls. The average of lipid layer thickness was an important protective factor for children using VDT for long periods, with a cut-off value of 58.5 nm in boys and 53.5nm in girls. CONCLUSION Risk factors for abnormal blinking in both boys and girls include VDTt and OPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Department of Radiology, Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shi-Nan Wu
- Department of Radiology, Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No 17, YongWaiZheng Street, DongHu District, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Department of Radiology, Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Department of Radiology, Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ye Shu
- Department of Radiology, Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No 17, YongWaiZheng Street, DongHu District, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, China
| | - Qian-Min Ge
- Department of Radiology, Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No 17, YongWaiZheng Street, DongHu District, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Radiology, Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No 17, YongWaiZheng Street, DongHu District, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, China.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of ocular surface disease (OSD) symptoms and the possible existence of differences between peri- and postmenopausal women, based on the result of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). METHODS A transversal observational study based on the results of an e-mail survey between October 2018 and January 2019 involving 1,947 women. The study was performed on a group of peri- and postmenopausal women aged between 45 and 79 years. The personal data in the survey included age, menopause status, age at menopause, prediagnosis of dry eye, undergoing dry eye treatment, and the OSDI questionnaire. Student's t test and Chi squared test were used to compare means or percentages between results on the survey and peri- and postmenopausal women. Finally, a univariate logistic regression was carried out to estimate the prevalence of OSD. The OSDI score is assessed on a scale of 0 to 100. RESULTS The mean age of the entire sample was 54.2 ± 6.8 years, with a mean age at menopause of 49.45 ± 4.02 years. The mean OSDI score was 29.2 ± 19.4, considered as moderate dry eye. The global prevalence of OSD symptoms was 64% (1,247/1,947), which increased significantly in postmenopausal women, being 66.8% (820/1,228) (P = 0.001). The probability of OSD symptoms prevalence increases with age (odds ratio: 1.02; 95% CI [1.01-1.03]). The greater the age at menopause, the lower the probability of OSD symptoms prevalence (odds ratio: 0.96 95% CI [0.93-0.99]). CONCLUSIONS Sixty-four percent of the pre- and postmenopausal women studied had OSD symptoms. There was a correlation between OSD symptoms and age, postmenopause, and earlier age at menopause, which was associated with an increased prevalence. : Video Summary:http://links.lww.com/MENO/A603.
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Zappella M, Biamonte F, Balzamino BO, Manieri R, Cortes M, Santucci D, Di Stasio E, Rizzuto M, Micera A. Relaxation Response in Stressed Volunteers: Psychometric Tests and Neurotrophin Changes in Biological Fluids. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:655453. [PMID: 34220571 PMCID: PMC8247444 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.655453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the beneficial effects of relaxation response (RR) training in adult stressed subjects by evaluating the psychometric response recorded at relaxation session. Cortisol as well as nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mediators were quantified in both saliva and tears, and their levels were related to each other and to the psychometric response. Methods: Stressed subjects (n = 23; 10M/13F; age range 21-53 years old) were voluntarily enrolled in the study. RR training sessions were carried out for 2 months, 1 day per week, at the same time (3-5 p.m.). Two different psychological questionnaires, the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) and the Beck Depression Inventory - Short Form (BDI-SF) and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) tests, were administered before each session. Saliva and tears were sampled for cortisol (EIA), NGF (ELISA), and BDNF (ELISA) quantifications. Questionnaires' data were analyzed and compared to biochemical ones. Results: All subjects reported beneficial effects from training. RR significantly reduced the psychological stress indexes (p = 0.039 for PSS-10 and p = 0.001 for BDI-SF). Specifically, RR training lowered the perception of Perceived Helplessness (items 1, 3, 10; p < 0.05) in PSS-10 and increased the Perceived Self-Efficacy (p < 0.05). OSDI score was in the normal range (0-25). Biochemically, a decrease in cortisol, a trend to a decrease in NGF, and an increase in BDNF levels were observed in saliva samples after RR treatment. Furthermore, a trend to a decrease in NGF and an increase in BDNF were quantified in tear samples. A correlation between PSS-10 total score and saliva NGF variation (%) as well as between BDI-SF total score and BDNF tear levels were also observed. Conclusion: RR training appeared useful to lowering psychological, mental, and physical stress, as supported by both psychological total and single scores. The finding on biochemical levels of BDNF in saliva and tears are sustained by previous studies while those of NGF require further investigation. Overall, these data on a small population highlight the potential use of RR training and potential neurotrophic changes in biological fluids, in stressed volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Zappella
- Department of Psychology, Salesian University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Biamonte
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Bijorn Omar Balzamino
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Sciences; IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Manieri
- Department of Laboratory and Infectivological Sciences, UOC Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Magdalena Cortes
- Hebrew Hospital Rome Ophthalmology Department, Rome, Italy.,Prevention and Health Care Department, Campus Bio Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Santucci
- Cellular Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Di Stasio
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive and Perioperative Clinics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Department of Laboratory and Infectivological Sciences, UOC Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Rizzuto
- Department of Psychology, Salesian University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Sciences; IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
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Impact of Serum Prolactin and Testosterone Levels on the Clinical Parameters of Dry Eye in Pregnant Women. J Ophthalmol 2020; 2020:1491602. [PMID: 32908678 PMCID: PMC7477597 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1491602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the relationship between serum prolactin, testosterone level, and tear film parameters. The potential impact of these hormones on the health of the ocular surface in pregnant women was evaluated. Methods This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study in which ocular symptoms (Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI)), tear function (fluorescein tear breakup time, Schirmer's test 1), corneal and conjunctival staining, meibomian gland (MG) expressibility, and quality of secretion were measured. Lid margin findings including lid notching, thickness, and lid margin telangiectasia were also recorded. Venous blood was collected and the serum concentrations of prolactin and testosterone were determined using ELISA kits. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine predictors of dry eye symptoms and signs. Results A total of 160 pregnant women participated in the study and their mean age was 30.1 ± 4.6 years (range 18-42 years). The correlation analysis indicated that testosterone concentration did not significantly correlate with any of the clinical parameters hence it was not included in the linear regression analysis. However, prolactin serum concentration correlated significantly with Schirmer's test 1. Multiple linear regression was done to predict participants' Schirmer's test 1 score based upon their ocular surface staining score (oxford grading scale), meibomian gland expressibility, meibomian secretion quality, and serum concentration of prolactin. Only predictors that significantly correlated with Schirmer's test 1 in the correlation analysis were included in the linear regression analysis. A significant regression equation was obtained (F (2, 157) = 5.119, p=0.007) with an R square of 0.05. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that concentration of prolactin (ß coefficient = 0.032, p=0.044) and meibomian gland expressibility scores (ß coefficient = 2.14, p=0.016) were associated with Schirmer's test 1 scores when adjusted for duration of pregnancy. Conclusion The study showed that increased serum prolactin levels have a weak but positive impact on Schirmer's test 1 scores whilst serum testosterone level has no association with the clinical parameters of dry eye in pregnant women.
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Gibson E, Stapleton F, Dear R, Wolffsohn JS, Golebiowski B. Dry eye signs and symptoms in aromatase inhibitor treatment and the relationship with pain. Ocul Surf 2019; 18:108-113. [PMID: 31669349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) limit the synthesis of oestrogen in peripheral tissues thus lowering levels of oestrogen. The primary aim was to evaluate whether women treated with AIs have altered dry eye symptoms and signs. A sub-aim was to investigate whether symptoms of dry eye in postmenopausal women were associated with symptoms of non-eye pain, ocular pain and self-rated pain perception. METHODS This cross-sectional, observational, single visit study recruited 56 postmenopausal women (mean age 64.1 + 7.9 years) and 52 undergoing AI treatment (mean age 66.6 + 9.0). Ocular symptoms (OSDI, MGD14) and pain questionnaires (PSQ, OPAS) were administered and signs of dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction were evaluated. RESULTS Almost half of each group reported dry eye symptoms, defined as OSDI>12 (48% control, 46% AI). The PSQ score was significantly higher in the AI group (p = 0.04). Neither frequency or severity of dry eye (or MGD) symptoms scores were significantly different between groups. In the AI group, meibomian gland expressibility score was worse (p = 0.003); there were no differences in any other signs. Higher OSDI scores were associated with higher OPAS eye-pain scores (r = 0.49, p < 0.001), but not OPAS non-eye pain (r = 0.09, p = 0.35). Pain perception (PSQ) showed a moderate positive association with OPAS eye-pain (r = 0.30, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS In this study elevated ocular symptoms were observed in both the AI treated and the untreated groups, with no difference between the groups. Women undergoing AI treatment for early stage breast cancer had worse meibum expressibility score and increased pain perception compared to an untreated group of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Gibson
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2052.
| | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2052.
| | - Rachel Dear
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia, 2010.
| | - James S Wolffsohn
- Ophthalmic Research Group, Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B47ET, UK.
| | - Blanka Golebiowski
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2052.
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Development and Long-Term Evaluation of Ocular Surface Conditions Using Ovariectomized Cynomolgus Monkey. Eye Contact Lens 2019; 45:246-253. [PMID: 30383547 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aim to use the ovariectomized cynomolgus monkey to observe the effect of long-term changes of sex hormone levels on ocular surface. METHODS Six healthy adolescent cynomolgus monkeys were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups (n=3/group). Bilateral ovariectomy was performed in experimental group, and sham operation was performed on control animals with their ovaries reserved. The concentrations of serum estradiol and testosterone in cynomolgus monkeys' lower-limb venous were detected by radioimmunoassay before surgery, and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the surgery. Phenol red cotton thread test, tear osmolarity, corneal fluorescein staining, and conjunctival impression cytology were performed to evaluate the ocular surface conditions before surgery, and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the surgery. The histological examinations of the bulbar conjunctiva and labial glands tissues were performed at 12 and 24 months after the surgery. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the serum level of estradiol and testosterone between the experimental and control groups before surgery, at 6, and 12 months after surgery (P>0.05). Serum level of estradiol and testosterone were significantly less in experimental versus control group at 18 and 24 months after surgery (P<0.05). There was no significant differences in phenol red cotton between the experimental and control groups before surgery, at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery (P>0.05). Tear osmolarity had no significant differences between experimental and control group before surgery (P>0.05), and it was significantly higher in experimental versus control group at all four time-points after surgery (P<0.05). The number of conjunctival goblet cells had no significant differences between experimental and control group before surgery, at 6 months after surgery (P>0.05), and it was significantly lower in experimental versus control group at 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the corneal fluorescein staining score between the experimental and control groups before surgery, at 6, 12, and 18 months after surgery (P>0.05), and it was higher in experimental than control group at 24 months after surgery (P<0.05). In addition, inflammatory cell infiltration in bulbar conjunctiva and labial glands tissues was observed in experimental group and was unobserved in control group at 24 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Ovariectomy led to decreased sex hormone levels in cynomolgus monkey. In turn, tear osmolarity was increased, the number of conjunctival goblet cells were decreased, the corneal fluorescence staining was increased, and the pathological examination of the bulbar conjunctiva and labial glands tissues were abnormal, phenol red cotton thread test did not change significantly.
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Daily fluctuations in ocular surface symptoms during the normal menstrual cycle and with the use of oral contraceptives. Ocul Surf 2019; 17:763-770. [PMID: 31226422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Women are more prone to ocular surface symptoms and circulating estrogen levels have been implicated. Fluctuations in estrogen during the menstrual cycle may influence ocular symptoms but existing research is incomplete and conflicting, partly due to paucity of validated questionnaires to assess daily ocular symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate daily fluctuations in ocular symptoms across a complete menstrual cycle and to compare symptoms in normally menstruating women and women using the combined oral contraceptive pill (OCP). METHODS To do this, a short online tool to assess daily symptoms was developed. 36 normally menstruating women and 36 women using the combined OCP were recruited. A two-item questionnaire, the Instant Ocular Symptoms Survey (IOSS) was developed and administered on a smartphone platform every day for 40 days. Linear mixed model analysis was used to examine differences in symptom scores over time and between groups. RESULTS The IOSS was found to be effective for measuring instantaneous symptoms, exhibiting good diagnostic abilities and repeatability. (AUC ± SE = 0.80 ± 0.07 and ICC = 0.75). Daily ocular symptoms showed a cyclic fluctuation across the cycle (p = 0.004) and highest symptoms were recorded on day 2 of the cycle when estrogen levels are lowest. Symptom scores were significantly higher in the OCP group (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Effects of menstrual phase and OCP use should be considered in the interpretation of ocular symptoms in clinical practice. These findings enhance the current understandings of ocular surface and systemic pain during menstrual cycle.
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Toro MD, Reibaldi M, Longo A, Avitabile T, Lionetti ME, Tripodi S, Posarelli C, Palomba S. Changes in visual function and ocular morphology in women who have undergone ART treatment and children born as a result of ART treatment: a systematic review. Reprod Biomed Online 2019; 38:621-633. [PMID: 30795976 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
As all the structures of the human eye are characterized by sex hormone receptors, this study tested the hypothesis that assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment influences visual function and ocular morphology in women who have undergone ART treatment and children born as a result of ART treatment. A systematic literature search of all original articles published up to August 2018 was performed using the PubMed database, including all original studies available in the literature. Review articles, studies in which participants underwent mixed interventions (i.e. other than ART treatment), studies reporting data on ocular malformations in ART offspring, and studies written in languages other than English were excluded. All selected articles were analysed to assess the level of evidence according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 guidelines, and the quality of evidence according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Although sparse data suggest that ART treatment can influence visual function and ocular morphology in women who have undergone ART treatment and children born as a result of ART treatment, the available evidence is inconclusive given its low level and quality. More high-quality research is needed to assess the potential interaction between ART treatment and the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario D Toro
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Maria E Lionetti
- Department of Paediatrics, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Posarelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and of Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Palomba
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
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Dor M, Eperon S, Lalive PH, Guex-Crosier Y, Hamedani M, Salvisberg C, Turck N. Investigation of the global protein content from healthy human tears. Exp Eye Res 2019; 179:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Gibson EJ, Bucknall MP, Golebiowski B, Stapleton F. Comparative limitations and benefits of liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry techniques for analysis of sex steroids in tears. Exp Eye Res 2019; 179:168-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Kim BH, Kim MH, Kang SH, Nam HJ. Optimizing acupuncture treatment for dry eye syndrome: a systematic review. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:145. [PMID: 29724255 PMCID: PMC5934900 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a former meta-analysis review, acupuncture was considered a potentially effective treatment for dry eye syndrome (DES), but there were heterogeneities among the outcomes. We updated the meta-analysis and conducted subgroup analysis to reduce the heterogeneity and suggest the most effective acupuncture method based on clinical trials. METHODS We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in 10 databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTAL, AMED, SCOPUS, CNKI, Wangfang database, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), Koreamed, J-stage) and searched by hand to compare the effects of acupuncture and artificial tears (AT). We also conducted subgroup analysis by (1) method of intervention (acupuncture only or acupuncture plus AT), (2) intervention frequency (less than 3 times a week or more than 3 times a week), (3) period of treatment (less than 4 weeks or more than 4 weeks), and (4) acupoints (BL1, BL2, ST1, ST2, TE23, Ex-HN5). The Bucher method was used for subgroup comparisons. RESULTS Nineteen studies with 1126 patients were included. Significant improvements on the Schirmer test (weighted mean difference[WMD], 2.14; 95% confidence interval[CI], 0.93 to 3.34; p = 0.0005) and break up time (BUT) (WMD, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.18; p < 0.00001) were reported. In the subgroup analysis, acupuncture plus AT treatment had a weaker effect in BUT but a stronger effect on the Schirmer test and a better overall effect than acupuncture alone. For treatment duration, treatment longer than 1 month was more effective than shorter treatment. With regard to treatment frequency, treatment less than three times a week was more effective than more frequent treatment. In the acupoint analysis, acupuncture treatment including the BL2 and ST1 acupoints was less effective than treatment that did not include them. None of those factors reduced the heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Acupuncture was more effective than AT in treating DES but showed high heterogeneity. Intervention differences did not influence the heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Hyun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02453 Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, 23, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hee Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02453 Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 892, Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02453 Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, 23, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jeong Nam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02453 Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, 23, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
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