1
|
Giacomini F, Baião Barata D, Suk Rho H, Tahmasebi Birgani Z, van Blitterswijk C, Giselbrecht S, Truckenmüller R, Habibović P. Microfluidically Aligned Collagen to Maintain the Phenotype of Tenocytes In Vitro. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303672. [PMID: 37902084 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Tendon is a highly organized tissue that transmits forces between muscle and bone. The architecture of the extracellular matrix of tendon, predominantly from collagen type I, is important for maintaining tenocyte phenotype and function. Therefore, in repair and regeneration of damaged and diseased tendon tissue, it is crucial to restore the aligned arrangement of the collagen type I fibers of the original matrix. To this end, a novel, user-friendly microfluidic piggyback platform is developed allowing the controlled patterned formation and alignment of collagen fibers simply on the bottom of culture dishes. Rat tenocytes cultured on the micropatterns of aligned fibrous collagen exhibit a more elongated morphology. The cells also show an increased expression of tenogenic markers at the gene and protein level compared to tenocytes cultured on tissue culture plastic or non-fibrillar collagen coatings. Moreover, using imprinted polystyrene replicas of aligned collagen fibers, this work shows that the fibrillar structure of collagen per se affects the tenocyte morphology, whereas the biochemical nature of collagen plays a prominent role in the expression of tenogenic markers. Beyond the controlled provision of aligned collagen, the microfluidic platform can aid in developing more physiologically relevant in vitro models of tendon and its regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giacomini
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - David Baião Barata
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisbon, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Hoon Suk Rho
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Zeinab Tahmasebi Birgani
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Truckenmüller
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jin H, Kang Y, Gao H, Lin Z, Huang D, Zheng Z, Zhao J, Wang L, Jiang J. Decellularization-Based Modification Strategy for Bioactive Xenografts Promoting Tendon Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302660. [PMID: 37864473 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Xenografts have emerged as a promising option for severe tendon defects treatment. However, despite undergoing decellularization, concerns still remain regarding the immunogenicity of xenografts. Because certain components within the extracellular matrix also possess immunogenicity. In this study, a novel strategy of post-decellularization modification aimed at preserving the endogenous capacity of cells on collagen synthesis to mask antigenic epitopes in extracellular matrix is proposed. To implement this strategy, a human-derived rosiglitazone-loaded decellularized extracellular matrix (R-dECM) is developed. R-dECM can release rosiglitazone for over 7 days in vitro. By suppressing M1 macrophage polarization, R-dECM protects the migration and collagen synthesis abilities of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs), while also stabilizing the phenotype of M2 macrophages in vitro. RNA sequencing reveals R-dECM can mitigate the detrimental crosstalk between TDSCs and inflammatory cells. When applied to a rat patellar tendon defect model, R-dECM effectively inhibits early inflammation, preventing chronic inflammation. Its duration of function far exceeds the release time of rosiglitazone, implying the establishment of immune evasion, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. And R-dECM demonstrates superior tendon repair outcomes compared to dECM. Thus, this study provides a novel bioactive scaffold with the potential to enhance the long-term clinical outcomes of xenogeneic tendon grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Haihan Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqi Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Dongcheng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhong Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Liren Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Jia Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Govindaraju DT, Chen CH, Shalumon KT, Kao HH, Chen JP. Bioactive Nanostructured Scaffold-Based Approach for Tendon and Ligament Tissue Engineering. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1847. [PMID: 37368277 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
An effective therapeutic strategy to treat tendon or ligament injury continues to be a clinical challenge due to the limited natural healing capacity of these tissues. Furthermore, the repaired tendons or ligaments usually possess inferior mechanical properties and impaired functions. Tissue engineering can restore the physiological functions of tissues using biomaterials, cells, and suitable biochemical signals. It has produced encouraging clinical outcomes, forming tendon or ligament-like tissues with similar compositional, structural, and functional attributes to the native tissues. This paper starts by reviewing tendon/ligament structure and healing mechanisms, followed by describing the bioactive nanostructured scaffolds used in tendon and ligament tissue engineering, with emphasis on electrospun fibrous scaffolds. The natural and synthetic polymers for scaffold preparation, as well as the biological and physical cues offered by incorporating growth factors in the scaffolds or by dynamic cyclic stretching of the scaffolds, are also covered. It is expected to present a comprehensive clinical, biological, and biomaterial insight into advanced tissue engineering-based therapeutics for tendon and ligament repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darshan Tagadur Govindaraju
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Anle, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
- Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-San, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
| | - K T Shalumon
- Department of Chemistry, Sacred Heart College, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kochi 682013, India
| | - Hao-Hsi Kao
- Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Anle, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-San, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-San, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-San, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Tai-Shan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Karathanasopoulos N, Al-Ketan O. Towards biomimetic, lattice-based, tendon and ligament metamaterial designs. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 134:105412. [PMID: 35988525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The engineering of tendon and ligament tissue biocompatible restoration materials constitutes a long-standing engineering challenge, from the chemical, biological and mechanical compatibility analysis and design perspective. Their mechanics are inherently anisotropic, exceeding the potential limits of common, non-architected engineering materials. In the current contribution, the design of advanced material or "metamaterial" architectures that can emulate the mechanical properties observed in native tendon and ligament tissues is analytically, experimentally, and numerically investigated. To that scope, anisotropic metamaterial designs that are based on rectangular cuboid architectures with and without inner body-centered strengthening cores are considered. Thereupon, the metamaterial design specifications required for the approximation of the highly anisotropic tissue performance, namely of the characteristic normal, shear and Poisson's ratio attributes are studied. It is shown that certain strengthened, anisotropic body-centered cuboid lattice architectures allow for substantial effective metamaterial stiffness along the primal tissue loading direction, upon a rather low shear loading resistance. The previous mechanical attributes come along with Poisson's ratio values well above unity and moderate relative density values, furnishing a combination of material characteristics that is highly desirable in restoration praxis. The analytically and numerically guided anisotropic metamaterial performance is experimentally reproduced both for the case of uniaxial and shear loads, using a microfabrication stereolithography additive manufacturing technique. The obtained scanning electron microscopy images highlight the fabrication feasibility of the identified metamaterial architectures, in scales that are directly comparable with the ones reported for the natural tissues, having feature sizes in the range of some 10ths of micrometers and elastic attributes within the range of clinical observation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Karathanasopoulos
- New York University, Department of Engineering, Abu Dhabi Campus, United Arab Emirates; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
| | - Oraib Al-Ketan
- New York University, Department of Engineering, Abu Dhabi Campus, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu K, Lin C, Ma D, Chen M, Zhou X, He Y, Moqbel SAA, Ma C, Wu L. Spironolactone Ameliorates Senescence and Calcification by Modulating Autophagy in Rat Tendon-Derived Stem Cells via the NF- κB/MAPK Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5519587. [PMID: 34306308 PMCID: PMC8263237 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5519587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a disabling musculoskeletal disease, the pathological process of which is tightly associated with inflammation. Spironolactone (SP) has been widely used as a diuretic in clinical practice. Recently, SP has shown anti-inflammatory features in several diseases. Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs), a subset cell type from tendon tissue possessing clonogenic capacity, play a vital role in the pathological process of tendinopathy. In the present study, the protective effect of SP on TDSCs was demonstrated under simulated tendinopathy conditions both in vitro and in vivo. SP contributed to the maintenance of TDSC-specific genes or proteins, while suppressing the interleukin- (IL-) 1β-induced overexpression of inflammation-mediated factors. Additionally, IL-1β-induced cellular senescence in TDSCs was inhibited, while autophagy was enhanced, as determined via β-galactosidase activity, western blot (WB), and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. With the aid of several emerging bioinformatics tools, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway likely participated in the effect of SP, which was further validated through WB analysis and the use of MAPK agonist. Immunofluorescence analysis and an NF-κB agonist were used to confirm the inhibitory effect of SP on IL-1β-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway. X-ray, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin and eosin staining, histological grades, and Masson staining showed that SP ameliorated tendinopathy in an Achilles tenotomy (AT) rat model in vivo. This work elucidates the protective role of SP on the pathological process of tendinopathy both in vitro and in vivo, indicating a potential therapeutic strategy for tendinopathy treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Changjian Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Diana Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mengyao Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuzhe He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Safwat Adel Abdo Moqbel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chiyuan Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lidong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ruiz-Alonso S, Lafuente-Merchan M, Ciriza J, Saenz-Del-Burgo L, Pedraz JL. Tendon tissue engineering: Cells, growth factors, scaffolds and production techniques. J Control Release 2021; 333:448-486. [PMID: 33811983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are a global health problem that affects millions of people annually. The properties of tendons make their natural rehabilitation a very complex and long-lasting process. Thanks to the development of the fields of biomaterials, bioengineering and cell biology, a new discipline has emerged, tissue engineering. Within this discipline, diverse approaches have been proposed. The obtained results turn out to be promising, as increasingly more complex and natural tendon-like structures are obtained. In this review, the nature of the tendon and the conventional treatments that have been applied so far are underlined. Then, a comparison between the different tendon tissue engineering approaches that have been proposed to date is made, focusing on each of the elements necessary to obtain the structures that allow adequate regeneration of the tendon: growth factors, cells, scaffolds and techniques for scaffold development. The analysis of all these aspects allows understanding, in a global way, the effect that each element used in the regeneration of the tendon has and, thus, clarify the possible future approaches by making new combinations of materials, designs, cells and bioactive molecules to achieve a personalized regeneration of a functional tendon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ruiz-Alonso
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Markel Lafuente-Merchan
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jesús Ciriza
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Laura Saenz-Del-Burgo
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Evaluation of Secretome Tenogenic Potential from Adipose Stem Cells (ACS) in Hypoxic Condition with Fresh Frozen Tendon Scaffold Using Scleraxis (Scx), Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) and Collagen Type 1. JOURNAL OF BIOMIMETICS BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.49.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Various studies have been conducted to see the scaffold that supports the regeneration of tendon. This study aims to analyze thein vitrosecretome tenogenic potential produced by ASCs culture with fresh frozen tendon scaffold in hypoxic conditions. ELISA tests for Scx and IGF-1 levels in secretome were obtained from ASC culture with fresh frozen tendon scaffold under normoxic (21%) and hypoxia (2%) conditions. The immunohistochemical examination of COL-1 was also carried out on the 2ndand 6thdays of cell culture. The secretion of Scx and IGF-1 was increased in secretome from ASC cultures using a fresh frozen tendon scaffold compared with those which did not (p <0.05). In the normoxia condition, Scx and IGF-1 in secretome with fresh frozen tendons had better results than hypoxic conditions (p <0.05). The highest Scx levels were obtained in culture on the 6thday (p <0.05), while the highest IGF-1 levels were obtained in the culture on the 2ndday (p <0.05). There was an increase in the secretion of Scx and IGF-1 from ASC cultures with fresh frozen tendon scaffold under the hypoxic condition of 2%.
Collapse
|
8
|
Javanshir S, Younesi Soltani F, Dowlati G, Parham A, Naderi-Meshkin H. Induction of tenogenic differentiation of equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells by platelet-derived growth factor-BB and growth differentiation factor-6. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6855-6862. [PMID: 32875433 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Managing tendon healing process is complicated mainly due to the limited regeneration capacity of tendon tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potential applications in regenerative medicine and have been considered for tendon repair and regeneration. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of equine adipose tissue-derived cells (eASCs) to differentiate into tenocytes in response to platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and growth differentiation factor-6 (GDF-6) in vitro. Frozen characterized eASCS of 3 mares were thawed and the cells were expanded in basic culture medium (DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS). The cells at passage 5 were treated for 14 days in different conditions including: (1) control group in basic culture medium (CM), (2) induction medium as IM (CM containing L-prolin, and ascorbic acid (AA)) supplemented with PDGF-BB (20 ng/ml), (3) IM supplemented with GDF-6 (20 ng/ml), and (4) IM supplemented with PDGF-BB and GDF-6. At the end of culture period (14th day), tenogenic differentiation was evaluated. Sirius Red staining was used to assess collagen production, and H&E was used for assessing cell morphology. mRNA levels of collagen type 1 (colI), scleraxis (SCX), and Mohawk (MKX), as tenogenic markers, were analyzed using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). H&E staining showed a stretching and spindle shape (tenocyte-like) cells in all treated groups compared to unchanged from of cells in control groups. Also, Sirius red staining data showed a significant increase in collagen production in all treated groups compared with the control group. MKX expression was significantly increased in PDGF-BB and mixed groups and COLI expression was significantly increased only in PDGF-BB group. In conclusion, our results showed that PDGF-BB and GDF-6 combination could induce tenogenic differentiation in eASCs. These in vitro findings could be useful for cell therapy in equine regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Javanshir
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Younesi Soltani
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Dowlati
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Parham
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, 9177948974, Iran.
| | - Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
K N, Ca V, Joseph J, U A, John A, Abraham A. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded Decellularized Tendon Scaffold for Tissue Engineering. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 16:155-164. [PMID: 32707028 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200723123901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tendon is a collagenous tissue to connect bone and muscle. Healing of damaged/injured tendon is the primary clinical challenge in musculoskeletal regeneration because they often react poorly to treatment. Tissue engineering (a triad strategy of scaffolds, cells and growth factors) may have the potential to improve the quality of tendon tissue healing under such impaired situations. Tendon tissue engineering aims to synthesize graft alternatives to repair the injured tendon. Biological scaffolds derived from decellularized tissue may be a better option as their biomechanical properties are similar to the native tissue. This review is designed to provide background information on the current challenges in curing torn/worn out the tendon and the clinical relevance of decellularized scaffolds for such applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niveditha K
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
| | - Vineeth Ca
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
| | - Josna Joseph
- Advanced Centre for Tissue Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
| | - Arun U
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
| | - Annie John
- Advanced Centre for Tissue Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
| | - Annie Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jaiswal D, Yousman L, Neary M, Fernschild E, Zolnoski B, Katebifar S, Rudraiah S, Mazzocca AD, Kumbar SG. Tendon tissue engineering: biomechanical considerations. Biomed Mater 2020; 15:052001. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab852f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
11
|
Kwon SS, Kim H, Shin SJ, Lee SY. Optimization of tenocyte lineage-related factors from tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells using response surface methodology. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:109. [PMID: 32183870 PMCID: PMC7079471 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to optimize the tenogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), researchers should consider various factors. However, this requires testing numerous experimental settings, which is costly and time-consuming. We aimed to assess the differential effects of transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-β3) on the tenogenesis of tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSCs) and bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) using response surface methodology (RSM). METHODS Bone marrow and tonsillar tissue were collected from four patients; mononuclear cells were separated and treated with 5 or 10 ng/mL of TGF-β3. A full factorial experimental design with a categorical factor of 0 was employed to study the effect of tension based on T-MSCs. Eighty-four trials were fitted with RSM and then used to obtain mathematical prediction models. RESULTS Exposure of T-MSCs and BM-MSCs to TGF-β3 increased the expression of scleraxis (SCX), tenomodulin (TNMD), decorin, collagen I, and tenascin C. Expression of most of these factors reached a maximum after 2-3 days of treatment. The model predicted that the values of the tenocyte lineage-related factors assessed would be significantly increased at 2.5 days of culture with 2.7 ng/mL of TGF-β3 for T-MSCs and at 2.3 days of culture regardless of TGF-β3 concentration for BM-MSCs. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the RSM prediction of the culture time necessary for the tenogenic differentiation of T-MSCs and BM-MSCs under TGF-β3 stimulation was similar to the experimentally determined time of peak expression of tenocyte-related mRNAs, suggesting the potential of using the RSM approach for optimization of the culture protocol for tenogenesis of MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Sun Kwon
- Department of Mathematics, College of Natural Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Hyang Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Ewha Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Shin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Yeol Lee
- Division of Mechanical & Biomedical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Morita Y, Sato T, Higashiura K, Hirano Y, Matsubara F, Oshima K, Niwa K, Toku Y, Song G, Luo Q, Ju Y. The optimal mechanical condition in stem cell-to-tenocyte differentiation determined with the homogeneous strain distributions and the cellular orientation control. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.039164. [PMID: 31118166 PMCID: PMC6550065 DOI: 10.1242/bio.039164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In tendon tissue engineering, mechanical stimulus-induced differentiation is one of the most attractive techniques for stem cell-to-tenocyte differentiation in terms of cost, safety and simplicity. However, the most effective strain amplitude for differentiation using cyclic stretching remains unknown. Existing studies have not constrained cell reorientation behavior during cyclic stretching, resulting in uncertainty regarding the loads experienced by cells. In addition, strain distribution homogeneity of the culture membrane is important. Here, we improved the strain distribution uniformity of the membrane and employed a microgrooved membrane to suppress cell reorientation. Then we evaluated the most effective strain amplitude (0, 2, 4, 5, 6, or 8%) for the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into tenocytes by measuring mRNA expression levels. The maximum expression of all tenogenic markers was observed at a 5% strain. These results contribute to tendon tissue engineering by clarifying the most effective strain amplitude during tenogenic differentiation induction using cyclic stretching. Summary: We determined the relationship between the cyclic strain of culture membrane and cellular gene expression, from which the most effective strain for tenogenic differentiation of stem cells was elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Morita
- Department of Micro-nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Micro-nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kouji Higashiura
- Department of Micro-nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yusho Hirano
- Department of Micro-nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Fuga Matsubara
- Department of Micro-nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kanau Oshima
- Department of Micro-nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Koji Niwa
- Department of Micro-nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuhki Toku
- Department of Micro-nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yang Ju
- Department of Micro-nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ye K, Kuang H, You Z, Morsi Y, Mo X. Electrospun Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering with Drug Loading and Release. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E182. [PMID: 30991742 PMCID: PMC6523318 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11040182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning technologies have been applied in the field of tissue engineering as materials, with nanoscale-structures and high porosity, can be easily prepared via this method to bio-mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Tissue engineering aims to fabricate functional biomaterials for the repairment and regeneration of defective tissue. In addition to the structural simulation for accelerating the repair process and achieving a high-quality regeneration, the combination of biomaterials and bioactive molecules is required for an ideal tissue-engineering scaffold. Due to the diversity in materials and method selection for electrospinning, a great flexibility in drug delivery systems can be achieved. Various drugs including antibiotic agents, vitamins, peptides, and proteins can be incorporated into electrospun scaffolds using different electrospinning techniques and drug-loading methods. This is a review of recent research on electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue-engineering applications, the development of preparation methods, and the delivery of various bioactive molecules. These studies are based on the fabrication of electrospun biomaterials for the repair of blood vessels, nerve tissues, cartilage, bone defects, and the treatment of aneurysms and skin wounds, as well as their applications related to oral mucosa and dental fields. In these studies, due to the optimal selection of drugs and loading methods based on electrospinning, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that these scaffolds exhibited desirable effects for the repair and treatment of damaged tissue and, thus, have excellent potential for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Haizhu Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Yosry Morsi
- Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Boroondara, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Xiumei Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stanco D, Caprara C, Ciardelli G, Mariotta L, Gola M, Minonzio G, Soldati G. Tenogenic differentiation protocol in xenogenic-free media enhances tendon-related marker expression in ASCs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212192. [PMID: 30753235 PMCID: PMC6372228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent and immune-privileged mesenchymal cells, making them ideal candidates for therapeutic purposes to manage tendon disorders. Providing safe and regulated cell therapy products to patients requires adherence to good manufacturing practices. To this aim we investigated the in vitro tenogenic differentiation potential of ASCs using a chemically defined serum-free medium (SF) or a xenogenic-free human pooled platelet lysate medium (hPL) suitable for cell therapy and both supplemented with CTGF, TGFβ-3, BMP-12 and ascorbic acid (AA) soluble factors. Human ASCs were isolated from 4 healthy donors and they were inducted to differentiate until 14 days in both hPL and SF tenogenic media (hPL-TENO and SF-TENO). Cell viability and immunophenotype profile were analysed to evaluate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) characteristics in both xenogenic-free media. Moreover, the expression of stemness and tendon-related markers upon cell differentiation by RT-PCR, protein staining and cytofluorimetric analysis were also performed. Our results showed the two xenogenic-free media well support cell viability of ASCs and maintain their MSC nature as demonstrated by their typical immunophenototype profile and by the expression of NANOG, OCT4 and Ki67 genes. Moreover, both hPL-TENO and SF-TENO expressed significant high levels of the tendon-related genes SCX, COL1A1, COL3A1, COMP, MMP3 and MMP13 already at early time points in comparison to the respective controls. Significant up-regulations in scleraxis, collagen and tenomodulin proteins were also demonstrated at in both differentiated SF and hPL ASCs. In conclusion, we demonstrated firstly the feasibility of both serum and xenogenic-free media tested to culture ASCs moving forward the GMP-compliant approaches for clinical scale expansion of human MSCs needed for therapeutical application of stem cells. Moreover, a combination of CTGF, BMP-12, TGFβ3 and AA factors strongly and rapidly induce human ASCs to differentiate into tenocyte-like cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Stanco
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, Gentilino, Switzerland
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Gola
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, Gentilino, Switzerland
| | | | - Gianni Soldati
- Swiss Stem Cell Foundation, Gentilino, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang H, Liu MF, Liu RC, Shen WL, Yin Z, Chen X. Physical Microenvironment-Based Inducible Scaffold for Stem Cell Differentiation and Tendon Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2018; 24:443-453. [PMID: 29724151 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are common musculoskeletal system disorders, but the tendons have poor regeneration ability. To address this issue, tendon tissue engineering provides potential strategies for future therapeutic treatment. Elements of the physical microenvironment, such as the mechanical force and surface topography, play a vital role in regulating stem cell fate, enhancing the differentiation efficiency of seed cells in tendon tissue engineering. Various inducible scaffolds have been widely explored for tendon regeneration, and scaffold-enhancing modifications have been extensively studied. In this review, we systematically summarize the effects of the physical microenvironment on stem cell differentiation and tendon regeneration; we also provide an overview of the inducible scaffolds for stem cell tenogenic differentiation. Finally, we suggest some potential scaffold-based therapies for tendon injuries, presenting an interesting perspective on tendon regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- 1 School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,2 Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,3 Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Fei Liu
- 1 School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,2 Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,3 Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Ri-Chun Liu
- 4 Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning, China
| | - Wei-Liang Shen
- 2 Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,5 Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,6 China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed) , Hangzhou, China .,7 State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi Yin
- 1 School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,2 Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,3 Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,6 China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed) , Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- 1 School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,2 Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,3 Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,4 Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning, China .,5 Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China .,6 China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed) , Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
In the last few decades, several techniques have been used to optimize tendon, ligament, and musculoskeletal healing. The evidence in favor of these techniques is still not proven, and level I studies are lacking. We performed an analysis of the therapeutic strategies and tissue engineering projects recently published in this field. Here, we try to give an insight into the current status of cell therapies and the latest techniques of bioengineering applied to the field of orthopedic surgery. The future areas for research in the management of musculoskeletal injuries are outlined. There are emerging technologies developing into substantial clinical treatment options that need to be critically evaluated. Mechanical stimulation of the constructs reproduces a more propitious environment for effective healing.
Collapse
|
17
|
Current trends in tendinopathy: consensus of the ESSKA basic science committee. Part II: treatment options. J Exp Orthop 2018; 5:38. [PMID: 30251203 PMCID: PMC6153202 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-018-0145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of painful chronic tendinopathy is challenging. Multiple non-invasive and tendon-invasive methods are used. When traditional non-invasive treatments fail, the injections of platelet-rich plasma autologous blood or cortisone have become increasingly favored. However, there is little scientific evidence from human studies supporting injection treatment. As the last resort, intra- or peritendinous open or endoscopic surgery are employed even though these also show varying results. This ESSKA basic science committee current concepts review follows the first part on the biology, biomechanics and anatomy of tendinopathies, to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest treatment options for tendinopathy as reported in the literature.
Collapse
|
18
|
Grafe I, Alexander S, Peterson JR, Snider TN, Levi B, Lee B, Mishina Y. TGF-β Family Signaling in Mesenchymal Differentiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a022202. [PMID: 28507020 PMCID: PMC5932590 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into several lineages during development and also contribute to tissue homeostasis and regeneration, although the requirements for both may be distinct. MSC lineage commitment and progression in differentiation are regulated by members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family. This review focuses on the roles of TGF-β family signaling in mesenchymal lineage commitment and differentiation into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myoblasts, adipocytes, and tenocytes. We summarize the reported findings of cell culture studies, animal models, and interactions with other signaling pathways and highlight how aberrations in TGF-β family signaling can drive human disease by affecting mesenchymal differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Grafe
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Stefanie Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jonathan R Peterson
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Taylor Nicholas Snider
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
González-Quevedo D, Martínez-Medina I, Campos A, Campos F, Carriel V. Tissue engineering strategies for the treatment of tendon injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal models. Bone Joint Res 2018; 7:318-324. [PMID: 29922450 PMCID: PMC5987687 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.74.bjr-2017-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, the field of tissue engineering has made numerous advances towards achieving artificial tendon substitutes with excellent mechanical and histological properties, and has had some promising experimental results. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the efficacy of tissue engineering in the treatment of tendon injuries. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for the time period 1999 to 2016 for trials investigating tissue engineering used to improve tendon healing in animal models. The studies were screened for inclusion based on randomization, controls, and reported measurable outcomes. The RevMan software package was used for the meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 388 references were retrieved and 35 studies were included in this systematic review. The different biomaterials developed were analyzed and we found that they improve the biomechanical and histological characteristics of the repaired tendon. At meta-analysis, despite a high heterogeneity, it revealed a statistically significant effect in favour of the maximum load, the maximum stress, and the Young's modulus between experimental and control groups. In the forest plot, the diamond was on the right side of the vertical line and did not intersect with the line, favouring experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS This review of the literature demonstrates the heterogeneity in the tendon tissue engineering literature. Several biomaterials have been developed and have been shown to enhance tendon healing and regeneration with improved outcomes.Cite this article: D. González-Quevedo, I. Martínez-Medina, A. Campos, F. Campos, V. Carriel. Tissue engineering strategies for the treatment of tendon injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal models. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:318-324. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.74.BJR-2017-0326.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. González-Quevedo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Málaga, Spain, PhD Program in Biomedicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - I. Martínez-Medina
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - A. Campos
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group) and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F. Campos
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group) and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - V. Carriel
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group) and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yan Z, Yin H, Nerlich M, Pfeifer CG, Docheva D. Boosting tendon repair: interplay of cells, growth factors and scaffold-free and gel-based carriers. J Exp Orthop 2018; 5:1. [PMID: 29330711 PMCID: PMC5768579 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-017-0117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tendons are dense connective tissues and critical components for the integrity and function of the musculoskeletal system. Tendons connect bone to muscle and transmit forces on which locomotion entirely depends. Due to trauma, overuse and age-related degeneration, many people suffer from acute or chronic tendon injuries. Owing to their hypovascularity and hypocellularity, tendinopathies remain a substantial challenge for both clinicians and researchers. Surgical treatment includes suture or transplantation of autograft, allograft or xenograft, and these serve as the most common technique for rescuing tendon injuries. However, the therapeutic efficacies are limited by drawbacks including inevitable donor site morbidity, poor graft integration, adhesion formations and high rates of recurrent tearing. This review summarizes the literature of the past 10 y concerning scaffold-free and gel-based approaches for treating tendon injuries, with emphasis on specific advantages of such modes of application, as well as the obtained results regarding in vitro and in vivo tenogenesis. Results The search was focused on publications released after 2006 and 83 articles have been analysed. The main results are summarizing and discussing the clear advantages of scaffold-free and hydrogels carriers that can be functionalized with cells alone or in combination with growth factors. Conclusion The improved understanding of tissue resident adult stem cells has made a significant progress in recent years as well as strategies to steer their fate toward tendon lineage, with the help of growth factors, have been identified. The field of tendon tissue engineering is exploring diverse models spanning from hard scaffolds to gel-based and scaffold-free approaches seeking easier cell delivery and integration in the site of injury. Still, the field needs to consider a multifactorial approach that is based on the combination and fine-tuning of chemical and biomechanical stimuli. Taken together, tendon tissue engineering has now excellent foundations and enters the period of precision and translation to models with clinical relevance on which better treatment options of tendon injuries can be shaped up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zexing Yan
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Heyong Yin
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Nerlich
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian G Pfeifer
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany. .,Director of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Govoni M, Muscari C, Lovecchio J, Guarnieri C, Giordano E. Mechanical Actuation Systems for the Phenotype Commitment of Stem Cell-Based Tendon and Ligament Tissue Substitutes. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 12:189-201. [PMID: 26661573 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-015-9640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
High tensile forces transmitted by tendons and ligaments make them susceptible to tearing or complete rupture. The present standard reparative technique is the surgical implantation of auto- or allografts, which often undergo failure.Currently, different cell types and biomaterials are used to design tissue engineered substitutes. Mechanical stimulation driven by dedicated devices can precondition these constructs to a remarkable degree, mimicking the local in vivo environment. A large number of dynamic culture instruments have been developed and many appealing results collected. Of the cells that have been used, tendon stem cells are the most promising for a reliable stretch-induced tenogenesis, but their reduced availability represents a serious limitation to upscaled production. Biomaterials used for scaffold fabrication include both biological molecules and synthetic polymers, the latter being improved by nanotechnologies which reproduce the architecture of native tendons. In addition to cell type and scaffold material, other variables which must be defined in mechanostimulation protocols are the amplitude, frequency, duration and direction of the applied strain. The ideal conditions seem to be those producing intermittent tension rather than continuous loading. In any case, all physical parameters must be adapted to the specific response of the cells used and the tensile properties of the scaffold. Tendon/ligament grafts in animals usually have the advantage of mechanical preconditioning, especially when uniaxial cyclic forces are applied to cells engineered into natural or decellularized scaffolds. However, due to the scarcity of in vivo research, standard protocols still need to be defined for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Govoni
- BioEngLab, Health Science and Technology - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-CIRI), University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy.,Prometeo Laboratory - Department of Research, Innovation and Technology (RIT), The Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Muscari
- BioEngLab, Health Science and Technology - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-CIRI), University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Joseph Lovecchio
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Engineering "Silvio Cavalcanti" - Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering (DEI), University of Bologna, Via Venezia, 52, I-47521, Cesena, FC, Italy
| | - Carlo Guarnieri
- BioEngLab, Health Science and Technology - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-CIRI), University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Emanuele Giordano
- BioEngLab, Health Science and Technology - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-CIRI), University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy. .,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Engineering "Silvio Cavalcanti" - Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering (DEI), University of Bologna, Via Venezia, 52, I-47521, Cesena, FC, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wardle R, Pullman JA, Haldenby S, Ressel L, Pope M, Clegg PD, Radford A, Stewart JP, Al-Saadi M, Dyer P, Peffers MJ. Identification of Equid herpesvirus 2 in tissue-engineered equine tendon. Wellcome Open Res 2017; 2:60. [PMID: 29152595 PMCID: PMC5664983 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12176.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Incidental findings of virus-like particles were identified following electron microscopy of tissue-engineered tendon constructs (TETC) derived from equine tenocytes. We set out to determine the nature of these particles, as there are few studies which identify virus in tendons
per se, and their presence could have implications for tissue-engineering using allogenic grafts. Methods: Virus particles were identified in electron microscopy of TETCs. Virion morphology was used to initially hypothesise the virus identity. Next generation sequencing was implemented to identify the virus. A pan herpesvirus PCR was used to validate the RNASeq findings using an independent platform. Histological analysis and biochemical analysis was undertaken on the TETCs. Results: Morphological features suggested the virus to be either a retrovirus or herpesvirus. Subsequent next generation sequencing mapped reads to Equid herpesvirus 2 (EHV2). Histological examination and biochemical testing for collagen content revealed no significant differences between virally affected TETCs and non-affected TETCs. An independent set of equine superficial digital flexor tendon tissue (n=10) examined using designed primers for specific EHV2 contigs identified at sequencing were negative. These data suggest that EHV is resident in some equine tendon. Conclusions: EHV2 was demonstrated in equine tenocytes for the first time; likely from
in vivo infection. The presence of EHV2 could have implications to both tissue-engineering and tendinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roisin Wardle
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, UK
| | - Jane A Pullman
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sam Haldenby
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lorenzo Ressel
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, UK
| | - Marion Pope
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, UK
| | - Peter D Clegg
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, West Derby Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alan Radford
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, West Derby Street, Liverpool , UK
| | - James P Stewart
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, West Derby Street, Liverpool , UK
| | - Mohammed Al-Saadi
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, West Derby Street, Liverpool , UK
| | - Philip Dyer
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral, UK
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, West Derby Street, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wardle R, Pullman JA, Haldenby S, Ressel L, Pope M, Clegg PD, Radford A, Stewart JP, Al-Saadi M, Dyer P, Peffers MJ. Identification of Equid herpesvirus 2 in tissue-engineered equine tendon. Wellcome Open Res 2017. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12176.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Incidental findings of virus-like particles were identified following electron microscopy of tissue-engineered tendon constructs (TETC) derived from equine tenocytes. We set out to determine the nature of these particles, as there are few studies which identify virus in tendonsper se, and their presence could have implications for tissue-engineering using allogenic grafts.Methods:Virus particles were identified in electron microscopy of TETCs. Virion morphology was used to initially hypothesise the virus identity. Next generation sequencing was implemented to identify the virus. A pan herpesvirus PCR was used to validate the RNASeq findings using an independent platform. Histological analysis and biochemical analysis was undertaken on the TETCs.Results:Morphological features suggested the virus to be either a retrovirus or herpesvirus. Subsequent next generation sequencing mapped reads to Equid herpesvirus 2 (EHV2). Histological examination and biochemical testing for collagen content revealed no significant differences between virally affected TETCs and non-affected TETCs. An independent set of equine superficial digital flexor tendon tissue (n=10) examined using designed primers for specific EHV2 contigs identified at sequencing were negative. These data suggest that EHV is resident in some equine tendon.Conclusions:EHV2 was demonstrated in equine tenocytes for the first time; likely fromin vivoinfection. The presence of EHV2 could have implications to both tissue-engineering and tendinopathy.
Collapse
|
24
|
Govoni M, Berardi AC, Muscari C, Campardelli R, Bonafè F, Guarnieri C, Reverchon E, Giordano E, Maffulli N, Della Porta G. * An Engineered Multiphase Three-Dimensional Microenvironment to Ensure the Controlled Delivery of Cyclic Strain and Human Growth Differentiation Factor 5 for the Tenogenic Commitment of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:811-822. [PMID: 28401805 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, injuries or rupture of tendons are treated by surgical repair or conservative approaches with unpredictable clinical outcome. Alternative strategies to repair tendon defects without the undesirable side effects associated with the current options are needed. With this in mind, a tissue engineering approach has gained considerable attention as a promising strategy. Here we investigated a synthetic three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment able to interact with stem cells and inducing, via coupled biochemical and physical signals, their early commitment toward the tenogenic lineage. This multiphase 3D construct consisted of a braided hyaluronate elastic band merged with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid microcarriers loaded with human growth differentiation factor 5 (hGDF-5) by means of fibrin hydrogel. The multiphase structure allowed hBMSC culture under cyclic strain within a microenvironment where a controlled amount of hGDF-5 was regularly delivered. The cooperative biochemical and physical stimuli induced significantly increased expression of tenogenic markers, such as collagen type I and III, decorin, scleraxis, and tenascin-C, within only 3 days of dynamic hBMSC culture. This approach opens exciting perspectives for future development of engineered tendon tissue substitutes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Govoni
- 1 Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Concetta Berardi
- 2 Laboratory "Stem Cells" U.O.C. Laboratory of Immunohematology and Transfusion Center , "Spirito Santo" Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - Claudio Muscari
- 1 Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy .,3 Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Campardelli
- 4 Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno , Fisciano, Italy
| | - Francesca Bonafè
- 3 Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Guarnieri
- 1 Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy .,3 Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Ernesto Reverchon
- 4 Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno , Fisciano, Italy
| | - Emanuele Giordano
- 1 Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy .,5 Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna , Cesena, Italy .,6 Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems (ARCES), University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- 7 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno , Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- 4 Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno , Fisciano, Italy .,7 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno , Baronissi, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sensini A, Gualandi C, Cristofolini L, Tozzi G, Dicarlo M, Teti G, Mattioli-Belmonte M, Letizia Focarete M. Biofabrication of bundles of poly(lactic acid)-collagen blends mimicking the fascicles of the human Achille tendon. Biofabrication 2017; 9:015025. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa6204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
26
|
Elnikety S, Pendegrass CJ, de Godoy RF, Holden C, Blunn GW. Augmentation and repair of tendons using demineralised cortical bone. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:483. [PMID: 27855678 PMCID: PMC5114756 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-1323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In severe injuries with loss of tendon substance a tendon graft or a synthetic substitute is usually used to restore functional length. This is usually associated with donor site morbidity, host tissue reactions and lack of remodelling of the synthetic substitutes, which may result in suboptimal outcome. A biocompatible graft with mechanical and structural properties that replicate those of normal tendon and ligament has so far not been identified. The use of demineralised bone for tendon reattachment onto bone has been shown to be effective in promoting the regeneration of a normal enthesis. Because of its properties, we proposed that Demineralised Cortical Bone (DCB) could be used in repair of a large tendon defect. METHODS Allogenic DCB grafts in strip form were prepared from sheep cortical bone by acid decalcification and used to replace the enthesis and distal 1 cm of the ovine patellar tendon adjacent to the tibial tuberosity. In 6 animals the DCB strip was used to bridge the gap between the resected end of the tendon and was attached with bone anchors. Force plate analysis was done for each animal preoperatively and at weeks 3, 9, and 12 post operatively. At week 12, after euthanasia x-rays were taken and range of movements were recorded for hind limbs of each animal. Patella, patellar tendon - DCB and proximal tibia were harvested as a block and pQCT scan was done prior to histological analysis. RESULTS Over time functional weight bearing significantly increased from 44% at 3 weeks post surgery to 79% at week 12. On retrieval none of the specimens showed any evidence of ossification of the DCB. Histological analysis proved formation of neo-enthesis with presence of fibrocartilage and mineralised fibrocartilage in all the specimens. DCB grafts contained host cells and showed evidence of vascularisation. Remodelling of the collagen leading to ligamentisation of the DCB was proved by the presence of crimp in the DCB graft on polarized microscopy. CONCLUSION Combined with the appropriate surgical techniques, DCB can be used to achieve early mobilization and regeneration of a tendon defect which may be applicable to the repair of chronic rotator cuff injury in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Elnikety
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculo-Skeletal Science, University College London, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine J Pendegrass
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculo-Skeletal Science, University College London, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Ferro de Godoy
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculo-Skeletal Science, University College London, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Holden
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculo-Skeletal Science, University College London, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon W Blunn
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculo-Skeletal Science, University College London, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Veronesi F, Salamanna F, Tschon M, Maglio M, Nicoli Aldini N, Fini M. Mesenchymal stem cells for tendon healing: what is on the horizon? J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:3202-3219. [PMID: 27597421 DOI: 10.1002/term.2209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries are a noteworthy morbidity but at present there are few effective scientifically proven treatments. In recent decades, a number of new strategies including tissue engineering with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed to enhance tendon healing. Although MSCs are an interesting and promising approach, many questions regarding their use in tendon repair remain unanswered. This descriptive overview of the literature of the last decade explores the in vivo studies on tendon healing, in small and large animal models, which used MSCs harvested from different tissues, and the state of the art in clinical applications. It was observed that there are still doubts about the optimum amount of MSCs to use and their source and the type of scaffolds to deliver the cells. Thus, further studies are needed to determine the best protocol for MSC use in tendon healing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Veronesi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Salamanna
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Tschon
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Melania Maglio
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicolo Nicoli Aldini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Perucca Orfei C, Lovati AB, Viganò M, Stanco D, Bottagisio M, Di Giancamillo A, Setti S, de Girolamo L. Dose-Related and Time-Dependent Development of Collagenase-Induced Tendinopathy in Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161590. [PMID: 27548063 PMCID: PMC4993508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a big burden in clinics and it represents 45% of musculoskeletal lesions. Despite the relevant social impact, both pathogenesis and development of the tendinopathy are still under-investigated, thus limiting the therapeutic advancement in this field. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dose-dependent and time-related tissue-level changes occurring in a collagenase-induced tendinopathy in rat Achilles tendons, in order to establish a standardized model for future pre-clinical studies. With this purpose, 40 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, treated by injecting collagenase type I within the Achilles tendon at 1 mg/mL (low dose) or 3 mg/mL (high dose). Tendon explants were histologically evaluated at 3, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days. Our results revealed that both the collagenase doses induced a disorganization of collagen fibers and increased the number of rounded resident cells. In particular, the high dose treatment determined a greater neovascularization and fatty degeneration with respect to the lower dose. These changes were found to be time-dependent and to resemble the features of human tendinopathy. Indeed, in our series, the acute phase occurred from day 3 to day 15, and then progressed towards the proliferative phase from day 30 to day 45 displaying a degenerative appearance associated with a very precocious and mild remodeling process. The model represents a good balance between similarity with histological features of human tendinopathy and feasibility, in terms of tendon size to create lesions and costs when compared to other animal models. Moreover, this model could contribute to improve the knowledge in this field, and it could be useful to properly design further pre-clinical studies to test innovative treatments for tendinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Perucca Orfei
- Orthopaedic Biotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Arianna B. Lovati
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Viganò
- Orthopaedic Biotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Deborah Stanco
- Orthopaedic Biotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Bottagisio
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DiMeVet), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura de Girolamo
- Orthopaedic Biotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yu Y, Lee SY, Yang EJ, Kim HY, Jo I, Shin SJ. Expression of tenocyte lineage-related factors from tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 13:162-170. [PMID: 30603396 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-9134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human palatine tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) are known to be a new source of progenitor cells. Using waste tissue after tonsillectomy as a cell provider can be the biggest benefit of TMSCs, compared with other stem cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate tenogenic differentiation of TMSCs and to access the differential effects of transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-β3) on the tenogenesis of TMSCs. Human tonsil was obtained after tonsillectomy. Using a cytometric analysis, we were able to find that the TMSCs had typical mesenchymal stem cell markers: positive for CD73, CD90, and CD105, and negative for CD14, CD34, and CD45. Using TGF-β3, the expressions of tenocyte-specific genes and proteins, such as collagen type 1 (COL1), tenomodulin (TNMD), and scleraxis (SCX), were measured by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. Quantitative PCR assay showed that TGF-β3 significantly increased the expressions of tenocyte lineage marker genes, including COL1, TNMD, and SCX, at a 3-day treatment, compared with control. However, these increases were not found at long-term exposures (7 or 10 days), except that TNMD expression was maintained at 50 ng/mL at a 7-day exposure to TGF-β3. Like genes, the protein expression levels of COL1, TNMD, and SCX were also induced in TGF-β3-treated TMSCs in a 3-day treatment, which were maintained for 10 days, as evidenced by immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. This study demonstrated that TMSCs in tenogenic stimulation with TGF-β3 have a high tenogenic differentiation potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsil Yu
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.,3Ewha Tonsil-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Research Center (ETSRC), School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Yeol Lee
- 2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.,3Ewha Tonsil-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Research Center (ETSRC), School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Yang
- 2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.,3Ewha Tonsil-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Research Center (ETSRC), School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha Yeong Kim
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.,3Ewha Tonsil-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Research Center (ETSRC), School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inho Jo
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.,3Ewha Tonsil-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Research Center (ETSRC), School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Shin
- 2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.,3Ewha Tonsil-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Research Center (ETSRC), School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Polymeric Electrospinning for Musculoskeletal Regenerative Engineering. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-016-0013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
31
|
Tenogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and noncoding RNA: From bench to bedside. Exp Cell Res 2015; 341:237-42. [PMID: 26724570 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tendon is a critical unit of musculoskeletal system that connects muscle to bone to control bone movement. More population participate in physical activities, tendon injuries, such as acute tendon rupture and tendinopathy due to overuse, are common causing unbearable pain and disability. However, the process of tendon development and the pathogenesis of tendinopathy are not well defined, limiting the development of clinical therapy for tendon injuries. Studying the tendon differentiation control pathways may help to develop novel therapeutic strategies. This review summarized the novel molecular and cellular events in tendon development and highlighted the clinical application potential of non-coding RNAs and tendon-derived stem cells in gene and cell therapy for tendon injuries, which may bring insights into research and new therapy for tendon disorders.
Collapse
|
32
|
Effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells on tendon healing in aging and estrogen deficiency: an in vitro co-culture model. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1536-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
33
|
English A, Azeem A, Spanoudes K, Jones E, Tripathi B, Basu N, McNamara K, Tofail SAM, Rooney N, Riley G, O'Riordan A, Cross G, Hutmacher D, Biggs M, Pandit A, Zeugolis DI. Substrate topography: A valuable in vitro tool, but a clinical red herring for in vivo tenogenesis. Acta Biomater 2015; 27:3-12. [PMID: 26318365 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the cell-substrate interactions at the bio-interface is becoming an inherent element in the design of implantable devices. Modulation of cellular adhesion in vitro, through topographical cues, is a well-documented process that offers control over subsequent cellular functions. However, it is still unclear whether surface topography can be translated into a clinically functional response in vivo at the tissue/device interface. Herein, we demonstrated that anisotropic substrates with a groove depth of ∼317nm and ∼1988nm promoted human tenocyte alignment parallel to the underlying topography in vitro. However, the rigid poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) substrates used in this study upregulated the expression of chondrogenic and osteogenic genes, indicating possible tenocyte trans-differentiation. Of significant importance is that none of the topographies assessed (∼37nm, ∼317nm and ∼1988nm groove depth) induced extracellular matrix orientation parallel to the substrate orientation in a rat patellar tendon model. These data indicate that two-dimensional imprinting technologies are useful tools for in vitro cell phenotype maintenance, rather than for organised neotissue formation in vivo, should multifactorial approaches that consider both surface topography and substrate rigidity be established. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Herein, we ventured to assess the influence of parallel groves, ranging from nano- to micro-level, on tenocytes response in vitro and on host response using a tendon and a subcutaneous model. In vitro analysis indicates that anisotropically ordered micro-scale grooves, as opposed to nano-scale grooves, maintain physiological cell morphology. The rather rigid PLGA substrates appeared to induce trans-differentiation towards chondrogenic and/or steogenic lineage, as evidence by TILDA gene analysis. In vivo data in both tendon and subcutaneous models indicate that none of the substrates induced bidirectional host cell and tissue growth. Collective, these observations indicate that two-dimensional imprinting technologies are useful tools for in vitro cell phenotype maintenance, rather than for directional neotissue formation, should multifactorial approaches that consider both surface topography and substrate rigidity be established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew English
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biosciences Research Building (BRB), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), BRB, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland; Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), BRB, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ayesha Azeem
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biosciences Research Building (BRB), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), BRB, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland; Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), BRB, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kyriakos Spanoudes
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biosciences Research Building (BRB), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), BRB, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland; Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), BRB, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eleanor Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Bhawana Tripathi
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nandita Basu
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karrina McNamara
- Materials and Surface Science Institute (MSSI), Department of Physics and Energy, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Syed A M Tofail
- Materials and Surface Science Institute (MSSI), Department of Physics and Energy, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Graham Riley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Graham Cross
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dietmar Hutmacher
- Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Manus Biggs
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), BRB, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland; Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), BRB, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), BRB, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland; Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), BRB, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biosciences Research Building (BRB), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland; Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), BRB, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland; Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), BRB, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Study of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal and Tendon-Derived Stem Cells Transplantation on the Regenerating Effect of Achilles Tendon Ruptures in Rats. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:984146. [PMID: 26339252 PMCID: PMC4539207 DOI: 10.1155/2015/984146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative therapeutic significance of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation to treat ruptured Achilles tendon was studied. Three groups of SD rats comprising 24 rats each, designated as TDSCs and BMSCs, and nontreated were studied for regenerative effects through morpho-histological evaluations and ultimate failure load. For possible mechanism in tendon repair/regeneration through TDSCs and BMSCs, we measured Collagen-I (Col-I), Col-III gene expression level by RT-PCR, and Tenascin-C expression via immunofluorescent assay. TDSCs showed higher agility in tendon healing with better appearance density and well-organized longitudinal fibrous structure, though BMSCs also showed positive effects. Initially the ultimate failure load was considerably higher in TDSCs than other two study groups during the weeks 1 and 2, but at week 4 it attained an average or healthy tendon strength of 30.2 N. Similar higher tendency in Col-I/III gene expression level during weeks 1, 2, and 4 was observed in TDSCs treated group with an upregulation of 1.5-fold and 1.1-fold than the other two study groups. Immunofluorescent assay revealed higher expression of Tenascin-C in TDSCs at week 1, while both TDSCs and BMSCs treated groups showed detectable CM-Dil-labelled cells at week 4. Compared with BMSCs, TDSCs showed higher regenerative potential while treating ruptured Achilles tendons in rats.
Collapse
|
35
|
Güngörmüş C, Kolankaya D, Aydin E. Histopathological and biomechanical evaluation of tenocyte seeded allografts on rat Achilles tendon regeneration. Biomaterials 2015; 51:108-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
36
|
Lomas A, Ryan C, Sorushanova A, Shologu N, Sideri A, Tsioli V, Fthenakis G, Tzora A, Skoufos I, Quinlan L, O'Laighin G, Mullen A, Kelly J, Kearns S, Biggs M, Pandit A, Zeugolis D. The past, present and future in scaffold-based tendon treatments. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:257-77. [PMID: 25499820 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries represent a significant clinical burden on healthcare systems worldwide. As the human population ages and the life expectancy increases, tendon injuries will become more prevalent, especially among young individuals with long life ahead of them. Advancements in engineering, chemistry and biology have made available an array of three-dimensional scaffold-based intervention strategies, natural or synthetic in origin. Further, functionalisation strategies, based on biophysical, biochemical and biological cues, offer control over cellular functions; localisation and sustained release of therapeutics/biologics; and the ability to positively interact with the host to promote repair and regeneration. Herein, we critically discuss current therapies and emerging technologies that aim to transform tendon treatments in the years to come.
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen JL, Zhang W, Liu ZY, Heng BC, Ouyang HW, Dai XS. Physical regulation of stem cells differentiation into teno-lineage: current strategies and future direction. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 360:195-207. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
38
|
MORITA YASUYUKI, SUZUKI SATOSHI, JU YANG, KAWASE NAOKI. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX STATE ON UNIAXIAL STRETCHING FOR TENOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION. J MECH MED BIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519414500250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There have been no previous reports of tendon tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with regard to quantitative evaluation of protein expression levels and observation of derived extracellular matrix (ECM) state. Therefore, we approached tendon tissue engineering from both perspectives. Human bone marrow MSCs (hBMSCs) were subjected to 8% or 10% cyclic stretching at 1 Hz to promote differentiation into tenocytes and ECM production. The type I collagen (Col I) and Tenascin-C (Tnc) protein expression levels were evaluated quantitatively by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Confocal fluorescence microscopy was employed to observe the derived ECM state. Col I state derived from 10%-stretched cells as ECM was elongated like actual tendon ECM, although the quantitative protein expression levels were slightly higher in 8%-stretched cells. The results suggested that the optimal uniaxial stretching ratio was different between protein expression levels and derived ECM state. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to both protein expression levels and ECM state in tendon tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YASUYUKI MORITA
- Department of Mechanical Science & Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - SATOSHI SUZUKI
- Department of Mechanical Science & Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - YANG JU
- Department of Mechanical Science & Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - NAOKI KAWASE
- Department of Mechanical Science & Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Morita Y, Mukai T, Ju Y, Watanabe S. Evaluation of stem cell-to-tenocyte differentiation by atomic force microscopy to measure cellular elastic moduli. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 66:73-80. [PMID: 23090789 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-012-9455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated whether stem cell-to-tenocyte differentiation could be evaluated via measurement of the mechanical properties of the cell. We used mechanical uniaxial cyclic stretching to induce the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into tenocytes. The cells were subjected to cyclic elongation of 10 or 15 % at a cyclic frequency of 1 Hz for 24 or 48 h, and differentiation was assessed by real-time PCR (rtPCR) determination of messenger RNA expression levels for four commonly used markers of stem cell-to-tenocyte differentiation: type I collagen, type III collagen, tenascin-C, and scleraxis. The rtPCR results showed that cells subjected to 10 % cyclic elongation for 24 or 48 h differentiated into tenocytes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was then used to measure the force curves around the cell nuclei, and the AFM data were used to calculate the elastic moduli of the cell surfaces. The elastic modulus values of the control (non-stretched) cells differed significantly from those of cells stretched at 10 % for 24 or 48 h (P < 0.01). Confocal fluorescence microscopic observations of actin stress fibers suggested that the change in elastic modulus was ascribable to the development of the cellular cytoskeleton during the differentiation process. Therefore, we conclude that the atomic force microscopic measurement of the elastic modulus of the cell surface can be used to evaluate stem cell-to-tenocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Morita
- Department of Mechanical Science & Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Monteiro GA, Delossantos AI, Rodriguez NL, Patel P, Franz MG, Wagner CT. Porcine incisional hernia model: Evaluation of biologically derived intact extracellular matrix repairs. J Tissue Eng 2013; 4:2041731413508771. [PMID: 24555008 PMCID: PMC3927864 DOI: 10.1177/2041731413508771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared fascial wounds repaired with non-cross-linked intact porcine-derived acellular dermal matrix versus primary closure in a large-animal hernia model. Incisional hernias were created in Yucatan pigs and repaired after 3 weeks via open technique with suture-only primary closure or intraperitoneally placed porcine-derived acellular dermal matrix. Progressive changes in mechanical and biological properties of porcine-derived acellular dermal matrix and repair sites were assessed. Porcine-derived acellular dermal matrix–repaired hernias of additional animals were evaluated 2 and 4 weeks post incision to assess porcine-derived acellular dermal matrix regenerative potential and biomechanical changes. Hernias repaired with primary closure showed substantially more scarring and bone hyperplasia along the incision line. Mechanical remodeling of porcine-derived acellular dermal matrix was noted over time. Porcine-derived acellular dermal matrix elastic modulus and ultimate tensile stress were similar to fascia at 6 weeks. The biology of porcine-derived acellular dermal matrix–reinforced animals was more similar to native abdominal wall versus that with primary closure. In this study, porcine-derived acellular dermal matrix–reinforced repairs provided more complete wound healing response compared with primary closure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher T Wagner
- LifeCell Corporation, Inc., Branchburg, NJ, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xu W, Wang Y, Liu E, Sun Y, Luo Z, Xu Z, Liu W, Zhong L, Lv Y, Wang A, Tang Z, Li S, Yang L. Human iPSC-derived neural crest stem cells promote tendon repair in a rat patellar tendon window defect model. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2439-51. [PMID: 23815150 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great potential for cell therapy and tissue engineering. Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) are multipotent that are capable of differentiating into mesenchymal lineages. In this study, we investigated whether iPSC-derived NCSCs (iPSC-NCSCs) have potential for tendon repair. Human iPSC-NCSCs were suspended in fibrin gel and transplanted into a rat patellar tendon window defect. At 4 weeks post-transplantation, macroscopical observation showed that the repair of iPSC-NCSC-treated tendons was superior to that of non-iPSC-NCSC-treated tendons. Histological and mechanical examinations revealed that iPSC-NCSCs treatment significantly enhanced tendon healing as indicated by the improvement in matrix synthesis and mechanical properties. Furthermore, transplanted iPSC-NCSCs produced fetal tendon-related matrix proteins, stem cell recruitment factors, and tenogenic differentiation factors, and accelerated the host endogenous repair process. This study demonstrates a potential strategy of employing iPSC-derived NCSCs for tendon tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- 1 Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University , Chongqing, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Woon CY, Farnebo S, Schmitt T, Kraus A, Megerle K, Pham H, Yan X, Gambhir SS, Chang J. Human Flexor Tendon Tissue Engineering: Revitalization of Biostatic Allograft Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:2406-17. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Y.L. Woon
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
- Section of Plastic Surgery, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Simon Farnebo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
- Section of Plastic Surgery, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Taliah Schmitt
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
- Section of Plastic Surgery, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Armin Kraus
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
- Section of Plastic Surgery, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Kai Megerle
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
- Section of Plastic Surgery, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Hung Pham
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
- Section of Plastic Surgery, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Xinrui Yan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - James Chang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California
- Section of Plastic Surgery, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lui PPY, Wong OT. Tendon stem cells: experimental and clinical perspectives in tendon and tendon-bone junction repair. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2012; 2:163-168. [PMID: 23738293 PMCID: PMC3666522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tendon and tendon-bone junction injuries, while heal, have high re-tear rates. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great appeal for the promotion of tendon and tendon-bone junction healing because of their high proliferation rate, multi-potency and relative ease of isolation from various tissues. Tendon stem cells have been identified recently and could be an alternative new cell source for tendon and tendon-bone junction repair. In this review, we summarized the in vitro characteristics of tendon stem cells. The evidence supporting the potential use of these cells for tendon and tendon-bone junction repair was presented. In order to therapeutically apply tendon stem cells in the clinical settings, standardization of tendon stem cell culture is essential. Issues relating to the sources, purity, efficacy, safety and delivery of tendon stem cells for tendon and tendon-bone junction repair were summarized and discussed. The direction for future research was suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Po Yee Lui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
- Program of Stem Cell and Regeneration, School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - On Tik Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sports Medicine and Health Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
de Almeida AM, Demange MK, Sobrado MF, Rodrigues MB, Pedrinelli A, Hernandez AJ. Patellar tendon healing with platelet-rich plasma: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med 2012; 40:1282-8. [PMID: 22472272 DOI: 10.1177/0363546512441344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The patellar tendon has limited ability to heal after harvesting its central third. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) could improve patellar tendon healing. HYPOTHESIS Adding PRP to the patellar tendon harvest site would improve donor site healing and improve clinical outcome at 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with a patellar tendon graft. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS Twenty-seven patients were randomly divided to receive (n = 12) or not receive (n = 15) PRP in the patellar tendon harvest site during ACL reconstruction. The primary outcome was magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of patellar tendon healing (gap area) after 6 months. Secondary outcomes were questionnaires and isokinetic testing of ACL reconstruction with a patellar tendon graft comparing both groups. RESULTS Patellar tendon gap area was significantly smaller in the PRP group (4.9 ± 5.3 mm(2); 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-8.8) than in the control group (9.4 ± 4.4 mm(2); 95% CI, 6.6-12.2; P = .046). Visual analog scale score for pain was lower in the PRP group immediately postoperatively (3.8 ± 1.0; 95% CI, 3.18-4.49) than in the control group (5.1 ± 1.4; 95% CI, 4.24-5.90; P = .02). There were no differences after 6 months in questionnaire and isokinetic testing results comparing both groups. CONCLUSION We showed that PRP had a positive effect on patellar tendon harvest site healing on MRI after 6 months and also reduced pain in the immediate postoperative period. Questionnaire and isokinetic testing results were not different between the groups at 6 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Marques de Almeida
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, São Paulo University Medical School, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, R. Dr. Ovidio Pires de Campos, 333, Cerqueira César, 05403-010 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Stem cell applications in tendon disorders: a clinical perspective. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:637836. [PMID: 22448174 PMCID: PMC3289928 DOI: 10.1155/2012/637836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries are a common cause of morbidity and a significant health burden on society. Tendons are structural tissues connecting muscle to bone and are prone to tearing and tendinopathy, an overuse or degenerative condition that is characterized by failed healing and cellular depletion. Current treatments, for tendon tear are conservative, surgical repair or surgical scaffold reconstruction. Tendinopathy is treated by exercises, injection therapies, shock wave treatments or surgical tendon debridement. However, tendons usually heal with fibrosis and scar tissue, which has suboptimal tensile strength and is prone to reinjury, resulting in lifestyle changes with activity restriction. Preclinical studies show that cell therapies have the potential to regenerate rather than repair tendon tissue, a process termed tenogenesis. A number of different cell lines, with varying degrees of differentiation, have being evaluated including stem cells, tendon derived cells and dermal fibroblasts. Even though cellular therapies offer some potential in treating tendon disorders, there have been few published clinical trials to determine the ideal cell source, the number of cells to administer, or the optimal bioscaffold for clinical use.
Collapse
|
46
|
Scaffolds in tendon tissue engineering. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2012:517165. [PMID: 22190961 PMCID: PMC3236365 DOI: 10.1155/2012/517165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering techniques using novel scaffold materials offer potential alternatives for managing tendon disorders. Tissue engineering strategies to improve tendon repair healing include the use of scaffolds, growth factors, cell seeding, or a combination of these approaches. Scaffolds have been the most common strategy investigated to date. Available scaffolds for tendon repair include both biological scaffolds, obtained from mammalian tissues, and synthetic scaffolds, manufactured from chemical compounds. Preliminary studies support the idea that scaffolds can provide an alternative for tendon augmentation with an enormous therapeutic potential. However, available data are lacking to allow definitive conclusion on the use of scaffolds for tendon augmentation. We review the current basic science and clinical understanding in the field of scaffolds and tissue engineering for tendon repair.
Collapse
|
47
|
Franco B, Vincenzo V, Alessandro DV, Tonello C, Abatangelo G, Mazzoleni F. Tissue engineering approaches for the construction of a completely autologous tendon substitute. Indian J Plast Surg 2011; 41:38-46. [PMID: 19753199 PMCID: PMC2739538 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0358.41109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that involves the application of the principles and methods of engineering and life sciences towards i) the fundamental understanding of structure-function relationships in normal and pathological mammalian tissues and ii) the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain or improve tissue function. The goal of tissue engineering is to surpass the limitations of conventional treatments based on organ transplantation and biomaterial implantation. The field of tendon tissue engineering is relatively unexplored due to the difficulty in in vitro preservation of tenocyte phenotype. Only recently has mechanobiology allowed us to gain a better understanding of the fundamental role of in vitro mechanical stimuli in maintaining the phenotype of tendinous tissue. This review analyzes the techniques used so far for in vitro regeneration of tendinous tissue.
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang J, Li B, Wang JHC. The role of engineered tendon matrix in the stemness of tendon stem cells in vitro and the promotion of tendon-like tissue formation in vivo. Biomaterials 2011; 32:6972-81. [PMID: 21703682 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
When injured, tendons tend to heal but with poor structure and compromised function. Tissue engineering is a promising approach to enhancing the quality of healing tendons. Our group and others have identified tendon stem cells (TSCs), a type of tendon-specific stem cells which may be optimal for cellular interventions seeking to restore normal structure and function to injured tendons. However, in vitro expanding of TSCs on regular plastic cell culture dishes only yields a limited number of TSCs before they lose the stemness, i.e., the self-renewal capability and multipotency. In this study, we developed a substrate material for TSCs, engineered tendon matrix (ETM) from decellularized tendon tissues. We showed that ETM in vitro was able to stimulate TSC proliferation and better preserve the stemness of TSCs than plastic culture surfaces. In vivo, implantation of ETM-TSC composite promoted tendon-like tissue formation whereas implantation of TSCs alone led to little such tissue formation. Together, the findings of this study indicate that ETM may be used to effectively expand TSCs in vitro and with TSCs, to enhance repair of injured tendons in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jiang Y, Liu H, Li H, Wang F, Cheng K, Zhou G, Zhang W, Ye M, Cao Y, Liu W, Zou H. A proteomic analysis of engineered tendon formation under dynamic mechanical loading in vitro. Biomaterials 2011; 32:4085-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
50
|
Lui PPY, Rui YF, Ni M, Chan KM. Tenogenic differentiation of stem cells for tendon repair-what is the current evidence? J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 5:e144-63. [PMID: 21548133 DOI: 10.1002/term.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tendon/ligament injuries are very common in sports and other rigorous activities. Tendons regenerate and repair slowly and inefficiently in vivo after injury. The limited ability of tendon to self-repair and the general inefficiencies of current treatment regimes have hastened the motivation to develop tissue-engineering strategies for tissue repair. Of particular interest in recent years has been the use of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to regenerate functional tendons and ligaments. Different sources of MSCs have been studied for their effects on tendon repair. However, ectopic bone and tumour formation has been reported in some special circumstances after transplantation of MSCs. The induction of MSCs to differentiate into tendon-forming cells in vitro prior to transplantation is a possible approach to avoid ectopic bone and tumour formation while promoting tendon repair. While there are reports about the factors that might promote tenogenic differentiation, the study of tenogenic differentiation is hampered by the lack of definitive biomarkers for tendons. This review aims to summarize the cell sources currently used for tendon repair as well as their advantages and limitations. Factors affecting tenogenic differentiation were summarized. Molecular markers currently used for assessing tenogenic differentiation or neotendon formation are summarized and their advantages and limitations are commented upon. Finally, further directions for promoting and assessing tenogenic differentiation of stem cells for tendon repair are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P P Y Lui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|