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Tranaeus U, Gledhill A, Johnson U, Podlog L, Wadey R, Wiese Bjornstal D, Ivarsson A. 50 Years of Research on the Psychology of Sport Injury: A Consensus Statement. Sports Med 2024; 54:1733-1748. [PMID: 38862845 PMCID: PMC11258162 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02045-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Factors influencing sport injury risk, rehabilitation outcomes, and return to sport processes have been the focus in various research disciplines (sports medicine, psychology and sociology). One discipline, with over 50 years of scholarship, is the psychology of sport injury. Despite the research in this field, there is no evidence-based consensus to inform professional practice. The aim of this original and timely consensus statement is to summarise psychological sport injury research and provide consensus recommendations for sport practitioners seeking to implement psychological principles into clinical practice. A total of seven experts with extensive experience outlined the consensus objectives and identified three psychology of sport injury sub-domains: risk, rehabilitation and return to sport. The researchers, grouped in pairs, prepared initial drafts of assigned sub-domains. The group met in Stockholm, and the three texts were merged into a draft and revised in an iterative process. Stress responses are the strongest psychological risk factor for acute injuries. Intra- and interpersonal factors, as well as sociocultural factors, are demonstrated psychosocial risk factors for overuse injuries. Stress management and mindfulness interventions to prevent injuries have been successfully implemented. The rehabilitation process may influence athlete's cognitive, emotional, and behavioural responses. Social support, mindfulness, acceptance-based practices, and cognitive-behavioural based intervention programs reduce negative reactions. Return to sport includes various stages and different trajectories. Returning athletes typically experience concerns regarding competence, autonomy, and relatedness. It is recommended that athletes focus on the physical, technical, and psychological demands of their sport as they progress to increasingly intense activities. Interdisciplinary collaboration (e.g., sports medicine and psychology) would be beneficial in enhancing clinical practice and improving athlete outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Tranaeus
- Stockholm Sports Trauma Research Centre, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Box 5626, 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Physiology, Nutrition, Biomechanics, Sport Performance and Exercise Research and Innovation Centre-Stockholm, SPERIC-S, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Unit of Intervention and Implementation for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Adam Gledhill
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Urban Johnson
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Leslie Podlog
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche, CHU-Saint Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ross Wadey
- St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK
| | | | - Andreas Ivarsson
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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2
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Bolanis D, Vergunst F, Mavoa S, Schmelefske E, Khoury B, Turecki G, Orri M, Geoffroy MC. Association between greenspace exposure and suicide-related outcomes across the lifespan: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167451. [PMID: 37777126 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies have linked greenspace exposure to suicide, but findings are inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review on the associations between greenspace exposure and suicide-related outcomes (namely, suicide mortality, self-harm, and suicidal ideation) up until January 6, 2023. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (or MMAT) to assess the quality of the included studies. In total, 23 studies met our inclusion criteria, consisting of 14 ecological, four cross-sectional, three longitudinal, and two experimental studies. Most studies were published in 2022 and conducted in Europe (n = 10), Asia (n = 7), and North America (n = 5), with one worldwide analysis. Various indicators were used to assess greenspace exposure including objective measures (e.g., level of surrounding greenness, quantity, structural features, tree canopy coverage), and greenspace use (e.g., duration and frequency). Suicide mortality was the most studied outcome (n = 14). Quality assessment showed that most (87 %) of the included observational studies used representative samples. Protective associations of exposure to greenspace were reported for suicide mortality (9/14 or 64 %), self-harm (n = 3/5 or 60 %) and suicidal ideation (n = 4/6 or 67 %), with nine or 36 % studies reporting no association. Most of the included studies adjusted for key covariates such as age, sex, and socioeconomic status at various aggregate levels (e.g., household, city). For greenspace exposure and suicide mortality, studies stratified by sex (n = 10) showed larger protective associations for females (n = 7) than for males (n = 4). However, the included studies showed high heterogeneity in terms of exposure indicators and greenspace definitions. Experimental studies and studies using youth samples were rare. While more research is warranted, preliminary findings suggest protective associations between greenspace exposure and suicide-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Bolanis
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francis Vergunst
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Suzanne Mavoa
- Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3011, Australia; Environmental Public Health Branch, Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Emma Schmelefske
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bassam Khoury
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Massimiliano Orri
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Quebec, Canada; Danish Research Institute for Suicide Prevention, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Marie-Claude Geoffroy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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van de Wouw A. Advocating a holistic approach for sport injury prevention and rehabilitation. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:895-896. [PMID: 37019604 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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Müller S, Gabbett T, McNeil D. Reducing Injury Risk and Improving Skill: How a Psycho-Perceptual-Motor Approach Can Benefit High-Performance Sport. Sports Health 2023; 15:315-317. [PMID: 37092885 PMCID: PMC10170223 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231156437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
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5
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Driban JB, Vincent HK, Trojian TH, Ambrose KR, Baez S, Beresic N, Berkoff DJ, Callahan LF, Cohen B, Franek M, Golightly YM, Harkey M, Kuenze CM, Minnig MC, Mobasheri A, Naylor A, Newman CB, Padua DA, Pietrosimone B, Pinto D, Root H, Salzler M, Schmitt L, Snyder-Mackler L, Taylor JB, Thoma LM, Vincent KR, Wellsandt E, Williams M. Evidence Review for Preventing Osteoarthritis After an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: An Osteoarthritis Action Alliance Consensus Statement. J Athl Train 2023; 58:198-219. [PMID: 37130279 PMCID: PMC10176847 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0504.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The Osteoarthritis Action Alliance formed a secondary prevention task group to develop a consensus on secondary prevention recommendations to reduce the risk of osteoarthritis after a knee injury. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to provide clinicians with secondary prevention recommendations that are intended to reduce the risk of osteoarthritis after a person has sustained an anterior cruciate ligament injury. Specifically, this manuscript describes our methods, literature reviews, and dissenting opinions to elaborate on the rationale for our recommendations and to identify critical gaps. DESIGN Consensus process. SETTING Virtual video conference calls and online voting. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS The Secondary Prevention Task Group consisted of 29 members from various clinical backgrounds. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The group initially convened online in August 2020 to discuss the target population, goals, and key topics. After a second call, the task group divided into 9 subgroups to draft the recommendations and supportive text for crucial content areas. Twenty-one members completed 2 rounds of voting and revising the recommendations and supportive text between February and April 2021. A virtual meeting was held to review the wording of the recommendations and obtain final votes. We defined consensus as >80% of voting members supporting a proposed recommendation. RESULTS The group achieved consensus on 15 of 16 recommendations. The recommendations address patient education, exercise and rehabilitation, psychological skills training, graded-exposure therapy, cognitive-behavioral counseling (lacked consensus), outcomes to monitor, secondary injury prevention, system-level social support, leveraging technology, and coordinated care models. CONCLUSIONS This consensus statement reflects information synthesized from an interdisciplinary group of experts based on the best available evidence from the literature or personal experience. We hope this document raises awareness among clinicians and researchers to take steps to mitigate the risk of osteoarthritis after an anterior cruciate ligament injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey B. Driban
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Heather K. Vincent
- UF Health Sports Performance Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Thomas H. Trojian
- UF Health Sports Performance Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | | | - Shelby Baez
- Osteoarthritis Action Alliance, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - David J. Berkoff
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Leigh F. Callahan
- Osteoarthritis Action Alliance, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Madison Franek
- University of North Carolina Therapy Services, UNC Wellness Center at Meadowmont, Chapel Hill
| | - Yvonne M. Golightly
- Department of Epidemiology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Injury Prevention Research Center, Osteoarthritis Action Alliance, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Matthew Harkey
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | | | - Mary Catherine Minnig
- Department of Epidemiology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Injury Prevention Research Center, Osteoarthritis Action Alliance, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Connie B. Newman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Darin A. Padua
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Brian Pietrosimone
- Department of Physical Therapy, Congdon School of Health Sciences, High Point University, NC
| | - Daniel Pinto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Hayley Root
- Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Matthew Salzler
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
| | - Laura Schmitt
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | | | - Jeffrey B. Taylor
- Department of Physical Therapy, Congdon School of Health Sciences, High Point University, NC
| | - Louise M. Thoma
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Kevin R. Vincent
- UF Health Sports Performance Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Elizabeth Wellsandt
- Division of Physical Therapy Education, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
| | - Monette Williams
- Division of Physical Therapy Education, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
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Ríos Garit J, Pérez Surita Y, Berengüí Gil R, Soris Moya Y, Montoya Romero CA. Psychological analysis of injuries in a first category softball national championship in Cuba. APUNTS SPORTS MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apunsm.2023.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Davies E, Steel L. The psychological responses of British amateur point-to-point jockeys to personal injury. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/cep220028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has reported significant psychological consequences of injury on rehabilitation success, performance, and wellbeing in athletes, although little is known within horse-based sports. There is a high prevalence of injury reported in point-to-point (P2P) jockeys, but despite this, comparatively little research exists examining the psychological implications resulting from physical trauma within horseracing. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological responses to personal injury in British amateur P2P jockeys. Five amateur P2P jockeys (two male, three female, x- age 25 years old) were interviewed about their experiences post an injury sustained during racing in the preceding 12 months. Interview questions explored their pre-injury career, the rehabilitation phase, pre-return to racing phase issues and coping strategies used by jockeys. Thematic analysis revealed three higher order themes: emotional responses, coping strategies, and factors affecting recovery. Subjects universally cited negative emotional responses following injury, including grief, a sense of loss, and frustration, and all experienced denial at the onset of injury. Typical coping strategies included strong support networks of family, friends and racing staff, and goal setting. Fear of reinjury was identified by all athletes, particularly on return to the saddle, and the attitudes towards injury management, such as denial, seen in this study may provide opportunities to develop targeted education campaigns for P2P jockeys on injury services. Targeted marketing for P2P jockeys on available injury support is recommended, such as seen for professional jockeys, as well as the creation of career development resources to offer alternative routes for P2P jockeys following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Davies
- Hartpury University, Hartpury House, Hartpury, Gloucestershire, GL19 3BE, United Kingdom
| | - L. Steel
- Hartpury University, Hartpury House, Hartpury, Gloucestershire, GL19 3BE, United Kingdom
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Brooks TJ, Bradstreet TC, Partridge JA. Current concepts and practical applications for recovery, growth, and peak performance following significant athletic injury. Front Psychol 2022; 13:929487. [PMID: 36072042 PMCID: PMC9443689 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.929487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, physicians, athletic trainers, and other health care professionals have worked to standardize the recovery process following injury to enhance patient outcomes and to help set appropriate goals for return to competition. Traditionally, these efforts have focused primarily on physical and/or physiological aspects of healing with little consideration for psychological aspects. Concurrently, mental health professionals who work with athletes have developed strategies to enhance performance and minimize negative influences of mental aspects of recovery while promoting approaches that include mental as well as physical recovery. Several strategies have emerged that further encourage a multi-faceted and interdisciplinary approach when helping injured patients return to participation. While important in a healthy population, the practical applications of these strategies are likely more critical for an athlete working through the recovery process with an ultimate goal of returning to competition. Despite these realities, both practical experience and a dearth of literature point to the traditional athletic healthcare providers’ common focus on physical aspects of recovery and psychological professionals’ focus primarily on mental aspects has resulted in sub-optimal outcomes compared to the likely benefits of an integrated approach. This article is intended to characterize current concepts in the fields of sport psychology and mental health concerning the importance of mental aspects of recovery in returning to play. Next, the authors will examine how modern theories can influence practice and discuss how these strategies can be effectively integrated and leveraged to enhance recovery and the athlete’s enjoyment of the rehabilitation and ultimately restoration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby J Brooks
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Tyler C Bradstreet
- Department of Intercollegiate Athletics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Julie A Partridge
- College of Health and Human Sciences, School of Human Sciences, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, United States
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9
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Peng Y, Wu T, Chen Z, Deng Z. Authors' Reply to: Clarity on the Type of Review. Comment on "Value Cocreation in Health Care: Systematic Review" (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e39397. [PMID: 35816384 PMCID: PMC9315890 DOI: 10.2196/39397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Peng
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tailai Wu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- School of Economics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhaohua Deng
- School of Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ageberg E, Brodin EM, Linnéll J, Moesch K, Donaldson A, Adébo E, Benjaminse A, Ekengren J, Granér S, Johnson U, Lucander K, Myklebust G, Møller M, Tranaeus U, Bunke S. Cocreating injury prevention training for youth team handball: bridging theory and practice. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001263. [PMID: 35505981 PMCID: PMC8984048 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is advocated that end-users are engaged in developing evidence-based injury prevention training to enhance the implementation, this rarely happens. The ‘Implementing injury Prevention training ROutines in TEams and Clubs in youth Team handball (I-PROTECT)’ uses an ecological participatory design incorporating the perspectives of multiple stakeholders throughout the project. Within the I-PROTECT project, the current study aimed to describe the development of holistic injury prevention training specifically for youth handball players through using knowledge from both end-users (coaches and players) and researchers/handball experts. Employing action evaluation within participatory action research, the cyclical development process included three phases: research team preparation, handball expert-based preparation and end-user evaluation to develop injury prevention training incorporating both physical and psychological perspectives. To grow the knowledge of the interdisciplinary research team, rethinking was conducted within and between phases based on participants’ contributions. Researchers and end-users cocreated examples of handball-specific exercises, including injury prevention physical principles (movement technique for upper and lower extremities, respectively, and muscle strength) combined with psychological aspects (increase end-user motivation, task focus and body awareness) to integrate into warm-up and skills training within handball practice. A cyclical development process that engaged researchers/handball experts and end-users to cocreate evidence-based, theory-informed and context-specific injury prevention training specifically for youth handball players generated a first pilot version of exercises including physical principles combined with psychological aspects to be integrated within handball practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ageberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva M Brodin
- Department of Educational Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Centre for Higher and Adult Education (CHAE), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jennie Linnéll
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Moesch
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alex Donaldson
- Centre for Sport and Social Impact (CSSI), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emme Adébo
- Regional Handball Federation in South Sweden, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne Benjaminse
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,School of Sport Studies, Hanze University Groningen School of Social Studies, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Ekengren
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Simon Granér
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Urban Johnson
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | | | - Grethe Myklebust
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete Møller
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulrika Tranaeus
- Department of physiology, nutrition and biomechanics, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Bunke
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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11
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Edouard P, Caumeil B, Verhagen E, Guilhem G, Ruffault A. Maximising individualisation of sports injury risk reduction approach to reach success. Braz J Phys Ther 2022; 26:100394. [PMID: 35526371 PMCID: PMC9092190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2022.100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
•To individualise injury risk reduction measures could help to better match athlete's individual characteristics and should thus improve their effectiveness. •To individualise injury risk reduction measures could help to improve athlete adherence into such measures and consequently their effectiveness. •This maximised individualised approach is proposed to be used whatever the sport (i.e., individual and teams sports) in both scientific studies and real-world settings, with an end-user centred approach (especially athlete-centred approach) and a co-construction of the injury risk reduction measures with all stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Edouard
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, EA 7424, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France; Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne 42055, France; European Athletics Medical & Anti Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin Caumeil
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherland
| | - Gaël Guilhem
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Alexis Ruffault
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France; Unité de Recherche interfacultaire Santé et Société (URiSS), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
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12
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Den Hartigh RJR, Meerhoff LRA, Van Yperen NW, Neumann ND, Brauers JJ, Frencken WGP, Emerencia A, Hill Y, Platvoet S, Atzmueller M, Lemmink KAPM, Brink MS. Resilience in sports: a multidisciplinary, dynamic, and personalized perspective. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 17:564-586. [PMID: 38835409 PMCID: PMC11147456 DOI: 10.1080/1750984x.2022.2039749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Athletes are exposed to various psychological and physiological stressors, such as losing matches and high training loads. Understanding and improving the resilience of athletes is therefore crucial to prevent performance decrements and psychological or physical problems. In this review, resilience is conceptualized as a dynamic process of bouncing back to normal functioning following stressors. This process has been of wide interest in psychology, but also in the physiology and sports science literature (e.g. load and recovery). To improve our understanding of the process of resilience, we argue for a collaborative synthesis of knowledge from the domains of psychology, physiology, sports science, and data science. Accordingly, we propose a multidisciplinary, dynamic, and personalized research agenda on resilience. We explain how new technologies and data science applications are important future trends (1) to detect warning signals for resilience losses in (combinations of) psychological and physiological changes, and (2) to provide athletes and their coaches with personalized feedback about athletes' resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud. J. R. Den Hartigh
- Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - L. Rens A. Meerhoff
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Sciences (LIACS), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nico W. Van Yperen
- Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niklas D. Neumann
- Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jur J. Brauers
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter G. P. Frencken
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Football Club Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ando Emerencia
- Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yannick Hill
- Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastiaan Platvoet
- School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Atzmueller
- Semantic Information Systems Group, Institute of Computer Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Koen A. P. M. Lemmink
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michel S. Brink
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Rubio VJ, Olmedilla A. Gamifying App-Based Low-Intensity Psychological Interventions to Prevent Sports Injuries in Young Athletes: A Review and Some Guidelines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12997. [PMID: 34948607 PMCID: PMC8702088 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sports injuries have become a real health concern. Particularly noticeable is the increasing number of severe sports injuries among young people. Sports injury (SI) is a multifactorial event where many internal and external, proximal and remote factors play a role in a recursive way, including physical and psychological variables. Accordingly, many voices expressing the need of tackling that and several prevention programs have arisen. Nevertheless, different barriers and limitations prevent a wide extension of well-controlled programs, closely monitored by highly specialized professionals in ordinary sports grass-root organizations. These have helped flourishing different low intensity (LI)-interventions and e-Health apps focusing on both physical warmup, training and fitness, and mental skills aimed at reducing athlete's vulnerability to SIs. This kind of intervention usually uses self-administered techniques and/or non-specialized staff that can effectively monitoring the program. In fact, LI-interventions have shown to be effective coping with different health and psychological issues. However, these interventions face an important challenge: the lack of engagement people usually show. The current paper proposes how gamification can contribute to the engagement to such interventions. Based on the mechanics-dynamics-aesthetics framework to analyze game design, the paper suggests a set of guidelines app- and web-LI interventions aimed at preventing SIs should include to foster motivation and reduce attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor J. Rubio
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Universidad Autonoma Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Aurelio Olmedilla
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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14
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Ruffault A, Sorg M, Martin S, Hanon C, Jacquet L, Verhagen E, Edouard P. Determinants of the adoption of injury risk reduction programmes in athletics (track and field): an online survey of 7715 French athletes. Br J Sports Med 2021; 56:499-505. [PMID: 34789458 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify individual characteristics associated with the adoption of injury risk reduction programmes (IRRP) and to investigate the variations in sociocognitive determinants (ie, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and intentions) of IRRP adoption in athletics (track and field) athletes. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using an online survey sent to athletes licensed with the French Federation of Athletics to investigate their habits and sociocognitive determinants of IRRP adoption. Sociodemographic characteristics, sports practice and history of previous injuries were also recorded. Logistic regression analyses and group comparisons were performed. RESULTS The final sample was composed of 7715 athletes. From the multivariable analysis, competing at the highest level was positively associated with IRRP adoption (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.66; 99.9% CI 1.39 to 1.99 and AOR=1.48; 99.9% CI 1.22 to 1.80) and presenting a low number of past injuries was negatively associated with IRRP adoption (AOR=0.48; 99.9% CI 0.35 to 0.65 and AOR=0.61; 99.9% CI 0.44 to 0.84), both during their lifetime and the current season, respectively. These results were supported by higher scores of sociocognitive determinants among athletes who reported IRRP adoption compared with other athletes. CONCLUSION Some characteristics of athletes seem to be associated with IRRP adoption either positively (competing at the highest level) or negatively (presenting a lower number of past injuries), whereas all the sociocognitive determinants tested appear to be linked to IRRP adoption. Since many athlete characteristics are difficult or impossible to change, IRRP promotion may be enhanced by targeting athletes' beliefs and intentions to adopt an IRRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Ruffault
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise, and Performance (EA 7370), Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance (French Institute of Sport (INSEP)), Paris, France.,Unité de Recherche Interfacultaire Santé et Société (URiSS), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marine Sorg
- Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital of Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Simon Martin
- Center of Research on Welfare Health and Sport, Halmstad University (Högskolan i Halmstad), Halmstad, Sweden.,Laboratoire Adaptations Physiologiques à l'Exercice et Réadaptation à l'Effort (APERE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Christine Hanon
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise, and Performance (EA 7370), Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance (French Institute of Sport (INSEP)), Paris, France.,French Athletics Federation (FFA), Paris, France
| | - Lison Jacquet
- Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital of Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centers - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Edouard
- Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital of Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne Cedex 2, France .,Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences (LIBM EA 7424), University Jean Monnet Saint-Étienne, University of Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France.,European Athletics Medical & Anti Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Stephenson SD, Kocan JW, Vinod AV, Kluczynski MA, Bisson LJ. A Comprehensive Summary of Systematic Reviews on Sports Injury Prevention Strategies. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:23259671211035776. [PMID: 34734094 PMCID: PMC8558815 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211035776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A large volume of systematic reviews and meta-analyses has been published on the effectiveness of sports injury prevention programs. Purpose To provide a qualitative summary of published systematic reviews and meta-analyses that have examined the effectiveness of sports injury prevention programs on reducing musculoskeletal injuries. Study Design Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods We searched the PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and the Cochrane databases for systematic reviews and meta-analyses that evaluated the effectiveness of sports injury prevention programs. We excluded published abstracts, narrative reviews, articles not published in English, commentaries, studies that described sports injury prevention strategies but did not assess their effectiveness, studies that did not assess musculoskeletal injuries, and studies that did not assess sports-related injuries. The most relevant results were extracted and summarized. Levels of evidence were determined per the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, and methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews, revised version). Results A total of 507 articles were retrieved, and 129 were included. Articles pertaining to all injuries were divided into 9 topics: sports and exercise in general (n = 20), soccer (n = 13), ice hockey (n = 1), dance (n = 1), volleyball (n = 1), basketball (n = 1), tackle collision sports (n = 1), climbing (n = 1), and youth athletes (n = 4). Articles on injuries by anatomic site were divided into 11 topics: general knee (n = 8), anterior cruciate ligament (n = 34), ankle (n = 14), hamstring (n = 11), lower extremity (n = 10), foot (n = 6), groin (n = 2), shoulder (n = 1), wrist (n = 2), and elbow (n = 1). Of the 129 studies, 45.7% were ranked as evidence level 1, and 55.0% were evidence level 2. Based on the AMSTAR-2, 58.9% of the reviews reported a priori review methods, 96.1% performed a comprehensive literature search, 47.3% thoroughly described excluded articles, 79.1% assessed risk of bias for individual studies, 48.8% reported a valid method for statistical combination of data (ie, meta-analysis), 45.0% examined the effect of risk of bias on pooled study results, and 19.4% examined the risk for publication bias. Conclusion This comprehensive review provides sports medicine providers with a single source of the most up-to-date publications in the literature on sports injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Stephenson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Joseph W Kocan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Amrit V Vinod
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Melissa A Kluczynski
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Leslie J Bisson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York at Buffalo, New York, USA
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16
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Fyfe-Johnson AL, Hazlehurst MF, Perrins SP, Bratman GN, Thomas R, Garrett KA, Hafferty KR, Cullaz TM, Marcuse EK, Tandon PS. Nature and Children's Health: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics 2021; 148:e2020049155. [PMID: 34588297 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-049155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Daily outdoor play is encouraged by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Existing evidence is unclear on the independent effect of nature exposures on child health. OBJECTIVE We systematically evaluated evidence regarding the relationship between nature contact and children's health. DATA SOURCES The database search was conducted by using PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsychInfo, ERIC, Scopus, and Web of Science in February 2021. STUDY SELECTION We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. In all searches, the first element included nature terms; the second included child health outcome terms. DATA EXTRACTION Of the 10 940 studies identified, 296 were included. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed. RESULTS The strongest evidence for type of nature exposure was residential green space studies (n = 147, 50%). The strongest evidence for the beneficial health effects of nature was for physical activity (n = 108, 32%) and cognitive, behavioral, or mental health (n = 85, 25%). Physical activity was objectively measured in 55% of studies, and 41% of the cognitive, behavioral, or mental health studies were experimental in design. LIMITATIONS Types of nature exposures and health outcomes and behaviors were heterogenous. Risk of selection bias was moderate to high for all studies. Most studies were cross-sectional (n = 204, 69%), limiting our ability to assess causality. CONCLUSIONS Current literature supports a positive relationship between nature contact and children's health, especially for physical activity and mental health, both public health priorities. The evidence supports pediatricians in advocating for equitable nature contact for children in places where they live, play, and learn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Fyfe-Johnson
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | | | | | - Gregory N Bratman
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rick Thomas
- National Academy of Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Kimberly A Garrett
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kiana R Hafferty
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tess M Cullaz
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | | | - Pooja S Tandon
- Pediatrics
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
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17
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Psychological Interventions Can Reduce Injury Risk in Athletes: A Critically Appraised Topic. J Sport Rehabil 2021; 31:224-229. [PMID: 34525450 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2020-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Scenario: Injury prevention programs are becoming standard practice for reducing sports-related injuries, but most programs focus on musculoskeletal elements. Psychological factors can be strong predictors of sports-related injuries and there is recent evidence that suggests psychological interventions can be effective at reducing injury risk. It is unclear if injury prevention programs that focus on psychological factors are an important inclusion for athletic trainers/therapists. Athletes can be exposed to different psychological factors based on sport type including team or individual sports, which can increase their risk of injury. While psychological interventions can reduce injuries by addressing psychological symptoms, it is unclear if the interventions are effective for at-risk athletes in addition to athletes who are not suffering from any psychological factors. Currently, there are no guidelines or recommendations for athletic trainers/therapists to address psychological factors with the purpose of injury prevention. Clinical Question: Are psychological intervention programs effective in reducing sports-related injury risk and are they clinically relevant to athletic trainers/therapists for implementation in all settings? Summary of Findings: The authors searched the literature for studies investigating the use of psychological intervention programs to reduce sports-related injuries in an athletic population. The search returned 6 possible papers (2 systematic reviews without meta-analysis, 1 systematic review with a meta-analysis, 2 meta-analyses, and 1 randomized control trial not included in the systematic reviews). The authors narrowed our appraisal to one systematic review and one randomized controlled trial. The review contained all the studies from the previous review papers including 3 studies which performed screening procedures. The collection of evidence demonstrates positive effects associated with implementing psychological intervention techniques to reduce sports injury rates in all athletes; at-risk athletes, not at-risk athletes, and individual and team-sport athletes. Bottom Line: There is sufficient evidence supporting the use of a psychological-based intervention by athletic trainers/therapists to effectively reduce the number of injury occurrences in the athletic population. Direct comparisons of effectiveness between team and individual sports was not conducted in the research, but a substantial representation of both sport types existed. The current evidence includes a variety of athletic populations, at-risk and not at-risk, different sport types, and competition levels. Athletic trainers/therapists should consider the integration of psychological disciplines in current injury prevention practices to address the psychological concerns which put athletes at additional risk for injury. Strength of Recommendation: Grade B evidence exists to support the use of psychological intervention strategies in a well-developed injury prevention plan. Sports medicine practitioners can help athletes reduce stress, increase mindfulness, and be more aware of mental health practices which helps reduce injury risk.
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18
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Davies E, McConn-Palfreyman W, Williams J, Lovell G. A narrative review of the risk factors and psychological consequences of injury in horseracing stable staff. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/cep200073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Horseracing stable staff have a multifaceted role, acting as care givers, skilled athletes and equine experts, resulting in inherent high emotional, physical and mental demands. Despite these demands, and reports of significant injury risk to those working in racing at ground level, there has been no research investigating the psychological risk factors for injury in UK racing stable staff and how psychological responses to injury may affect long term mental health and wellbeing. With mental health at the forefront of industry consideration, this narrative review aimed to reflect on the current literature to propose occupational, life and social stressors that may be increasing the risk of injury in racing staff. In addition, this review aims to apply current injury theory to propose whether stable staff are at heightened risk of injury mismanagement. A literature search was undertaken to investigate the psychological aspects of injury, using five search engines and the following key words: injury, psychological responses, occupational, sport and/or athlete, equestrian, horseracing, jockey, risk of injury, rehabilitation, and injury minimisalisation. Articles were selected based on relevance to review aims, and research findings were synthesised under two primary areas: predictors of injury (working hours, job security, job control, life stressors, mental health and drug misuse) and responses to injury (positive and negative responses to injury, the role of social support, rehabilitation adherence, and injury minimalisation). Whilst there are limitations to narrative reviews, this study provides a novel interpretation of injury risk and responses specific to staff working in horseracing, where injury-related challenges are currently a key focus for sector employees, managerial staff and racing organisations. Recommendations for further research have been made to direct the advancement of knowledge in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Davies
- Hartpury University, Hartpury House, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, GL193BE, United Kingdom
| | | | - J.M. Williams
- Hartpury University, Hartpury House, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, GL193BE, United Kingdom
| | - G.P. Lovell
- Hartpury University, Hartpury House, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, GL193BE, United Kingdom
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Marroochydore, Qld 4558, Australia
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19
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Brewer BW, Van Raalte JL, Cornelius AE. An Interactive Cognitive-Behavioural Multimedia Program Favourably Affects Pain and Kinesiophobia During Rehabilitation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery: An Effectiveness Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 20:1133-1155. [PMID: 35968222 PMCID: PMC9365250 DOI: 10.1080/1612197x.2021.1934712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Psychological interventions have been found effective in helping athletes cope with the challenges associated with knee surgery. In this investigation, an interactive cognitive-behavioural multimedia program was evaluated as a means of delivering psychological interventions to individuals experiencing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery in a field trial with 69 ACL surgery patients (30 women and 39 men; 24 competitive athletes, 41 recreational athletes, and 4 nonathletes; M age = 35.01, SD = 11.98 years). Results indicated that compared to participants who received standard care, participants who received the multimedia program reported greater preoperative confidence in ability to cope, lower postoperative pain and kinesiophobia, and greater use and perceived utility of patient education materials. The findings suggest that the multimedia program has promise as an economical and effective means of educating and delivering psychological interventions to people experiencing ACL surgery and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britton W Brewer
- Department of Psychology, Springfield College, 263 Alden Street, Springfield, MA 01109 USA
| | - Judy L Van Raalte
- Department of Psychology, Springfield College, and College of Health Sciences, Wuhan Sports University
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20
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Gledhill A, Forsdyke D. Realist synthesis in sport and exercise medicine: 'time to get real'. Br J Sports Med 2021; 55:1064-1065. [PMID: 33509910 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gledhill
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Dale Forsdyke
- Applied Human Sciences, York St John University, York, North Yorkshire, UK
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21
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Hausken-Sutter SE, Pringle R, Schubring A, Grau S, Barker-Ruchti N. Youth sport injury research: a narrative review and the potential of interdisciplinarity. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e000933. [PMID: 33489308 PMCID: PMC7805357 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent sports injuries, researchers have aimed to understand injury aetiology from both the natural and social sciences and through applying different methodologies. This research has produced strong disciplinary knowledge and a number of injury prevention programmes. Yet, the injury rate continues to be high, especially in youth sport and youth football. A key reason for the continued high injury rate is the development of injury prevention programmes based on monodisciplinary knowledge that does not account for the complex nature of sport injury aetiology. The purpose of this paper is to consider and outline an interdisciplinary research process to research the complex nature of sport injury aetiology. To support our proposition, we first present a narrative review of existing youth football and youth sport injury research demonstrating an absence of paradigmatic integration across the research areas’ main disciplines of biomedicine, psychology and sociology. We then demonstrate how interdisciplinary research can address the complexity of youth sport injury aetiology. Finally, we introduce the interdisciplinary process we have recently followed in a youth football injury research project. While further research is necessary, particularly regarding the integration of qualitative and quantitative sport injury data, we propose that the pragmatic interdisciplinary research process can be useful for researchers who aim to work across disciplines and paradigms and aim to employ methodological pluralism in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Pringle
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Astrid Schubring
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Grau
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Natalie Barker-Ruchti
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Cederström N, Granér S, Nilsson G, Ageberg E. Effect of motor imagery on enjoyment in knee-injury prevention and rehabilitation training: A randomized crossover study. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 24:258-263. [PMID: 32958377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The novel MOTor Imagery to Facilitate Sensorimotor Re-Learning (MOTIFS) model takes a uniquely holistic approach by integrating mental and physical aspects into current training programs. The aim of this trial was to evaluate enjoyment of MOTIFS training as compared to Care-as-Usual (CaU) knee injury and/or rehabilitation training. The primary hypothesis was that enjoyment would be greater following MOTIFS training than CaU training. DESIGN Block-randomized 2×2 cross-over trial. METHODS Thirty athletes (18-31years, 50% women) currently or previously active in team ball sports, with no pain or injury preventing jump and/or directional changes. MOTIFS training integrates sport-specific experiences and equipment into physical exercises to increase individualized realism and meaning. The CaU condition included solely physical exercise. The main outcome was the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). Secondary outcomes included Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM; subscales Valence, Arousal, Dominance), Perceived exertion, pulse, duration, and movement quality. RESULTS PACES scores were better following MOTIFS training than CaU (point estimate 24.67; 95% CI: 19.0; 30.3). Between-groups differences in SAM Valence (median 2, quartiles 1;3), Arousal (median 1, quartiles 0;2.25), and Dominance (median 0.5, quartiles 0;2), and RPE (median 1, quartiles -0.3;2), training duration (mean 5.34, 95% CI: -0.17; -0.73), and pulse (median 7.50, quartiles 0.25;16.75) were higher following MOTIFS training than CaU training. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the MOTIFS model, which integrates simultaneous physical and psychological interventions, is a clinically plausible method of influencing enjoyment and other psychological outcomes. Further studies may explore effects of the MOTIFS principles on injury prevention and rehabilitation training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Granér
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Eva Ageberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
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Li S, Wu Q, Chen Z. Effects of Psychological Interventions on the Prevention of Sports Injuries: A Meta-analysis. Orthop J Sports Med 2020; 8:2325967120928325. [PMID: 32923493 PMCID: PMC7450469 DOI: 10.1177/2325967120928325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies have shown that preventive psychological interventions can reduce the
occurrence of sports injuries. Purpose: To systematically evaluate the published literature on the effects of
psychological interventions on rates of sports injuries and propose a set of
psychological interventions to reduce such injuries. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 11 randomized controlled trials and intervention control trials
involving 1287 participants were included. A random-effects model was used
to analyze the data. Pooled results were expressed as effect sizes and 95%
CIs. Bias and heterogeneity among the studies were assessed, and sensitivity
and subgroup analyses were performed. Results: Meta-analysis suggested that preventive psychological interventions
effectively prevented the occurrence of sports injuries (effect size =
–0.55; P < .001), although the studies showed
substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 94.2%; P < .001), which could not be
attributed to specific variables. Nevertheless, sensitivity analysis
suggested that overall results were reliable. No significant risk of
publication bias was found. Conclusion: Preventive psychological interventions moderately reduced the risk of sports
injuries. Risk screening also significantly reduced the risk of sports
injuries. These interventions should focus on cognitive behavior and be
administered in 1 to 6 sessions over 7 to 12 weeks for 60 minutes per
session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianjin Wu
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zichao Chen
- Institute of Sport Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zadeh MM, Ajilchi B, Salman Z, Kisely S. Effect of a mindfulness programme training to prevent the sport injury and improve the performance of semi-professional soccer players. Australas Psychiatry 2019; 27:589-595. [PMID: 31282193 DOI: 10.1177/1039856219859288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mindfulness improves psychological outcomes. We examined whether greater mindfulness scores were associated with reduced injury rates in soccer players, as well as improved performance at both the individual and team level. METHOD This was a parallel-group, pre- and post-test, randomised controlled pilot trial. Forty-five male amateur soccer players from Tehran, Iran, were randomly assigned into experimental (n=23) and control groups (n=22). Outcomes were scores on the mindfulness sport inventory, as well as injury rates and recovery as assessed by a physiotherapist using standardised criteria. Expert observers assessed the effect on individual and team performance. Data were analysed using mixed analysis of variance and, where indicated, its non-parametric alternative, the Friedman test. RESULTS Significantly greater mindfulness scores in the intervention group were associated with both reduced injury and improved performance. CONCLUSION Mindfulness training shows promise in preventing injury and improving performance. The intervention could be applied to other sports and be helpful in clinical settings given the importance of exercise in promoting psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mozafari Zadeh
- Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology Department, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Ajilchi
- Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology Department, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salman
- Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology Department, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Steve Kisely
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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26
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Gledhill A, Forsdyke D. An ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure: shouldn't we be doing EVERYTHING to reduce sports injury incidence and burden? Br J Sports Med 2018; 52:1292-1293. [PMID: 29899048 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gledhill
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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