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Simoes EJ, Ramos LR. The Role of Healthy Diet and Lifestyle in Centenarians. Nutrients 2023; 15:4293. [PMID: 37836577 PMCID: PMC10574171 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy at birth (hereafter, life expectancy) and longevity are established indicators of population health [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J. Simoes
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Biostatistics and Medical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Luiz R. Ramos
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 04024-002, Brazil;
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Reilly C, Sails J, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Birch RJ, McKenna J, Clifton IJ, Peckham D, Birch KM, Price OJ. Physical activity promotion interventions in chronic airways disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:32/167/220109. [PMID: 36697208 PMCID: PMC9879326 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0109-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity is common in people with chronic airways disease (pwCAD) and associated with worse clinical outcomes and impaired quality of life. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to characterise and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions promoting step-based physical activity (PA) in pwCAD. We searched for studies that included a form of PA promotion and step-count outcome measure. A random-effects model was used to determine the overall effect size using post-intervention values. 38 studies (n=32 COPD; n=5 asthma; n=1 bronchiectasis; study population: n=3777) were included. Overall, implementing a form of PA promotion resulted in a significant increase in step-count: median (IQR) 705 (183-1210) when compared with usual standard care: -64 (-597-229), standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.24 (95% CI: 0.12-0.36), p<0.01. To explore the impact of specific interventions, studies were stratified into subgroups: PA promotion+wearable activity monitor-based interventions (n=17) (SMD 0.37, p<0.01); PA promotion+step-count as an outcome measure (n=9) (SMD 0.18, p=0.09); technology-based interventions (n=12) (SMD 0.16, p=0.01). Interventions promoting PA, particularly those that incorporate wearable activity monitors, result in a significant and clinically meaningful improvement in daily step-count in pwCAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Reilly
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Joe Sails
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Rebecca J. Birch
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jim McKenna
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Ian J. Clifton
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Daniel Peckham
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Karen M. Birch
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Oliver J. Price
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK,Corresponding author: Oliver J. Price ()
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Rouyard T, Mano Y, Daff BM, Diouf S, Fall Dia K, Duval L, Thuilliez J, Nakamura R. Operational and Structural Factors Influencing Enrolment in Community-Based Health Insurance Schemes: An Observational Study Using 12 Waves of Nationwide Panel Data from Senegal. Health Policy Plan 2022; 37:858-871. [PMID: 35413098 PMCID: PMC9347027 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Community-based health insurance (CBHI) has been implemented in many low and middle-income countries to increase financial risk protection in populations without access to formal health insurance. While the design of such social programs is fundamental to ensuring equitable access to care, little is known about the operational and structural factors influencing enrolment in CBHI schemes. In this study, we took advantage of newly established data monitoring requirements in Senegal to explore the association between the operational capacity and structure of CBHI schemes-also termed 'mutual health organisations' (MHO) in francophone countries-and their enrolment levels. The dataset comprised 12 waves of quarterly data over 2017-2019 and covered all 676 MHOs registered in the country. Primary analyses were conducted using dynamic panel data regression analysis. We found that higher operational capacity significantly predicted higher performance: enrolment was positively associated with the presence of a salaried manager at the MHO level (12% more total enrollees, 23% more poor members) and with stronger cooperation between MHOs and local health posts (for each additional contract signed, total enrollees and poor members increased by 7% and 5%, respectively). However, higher operational capacity was only modestly associated with higher sustainability proxied by the proportion of enrollees up to date with premium payment. We also found that structural factors were influential, with MHOs located within a health facility enrolling fewer poor members (-16%). Sensitivity analyses showed that these associations were robust. Our findings suggest that policies aimed at professionalising and reinforcing the operational capacity of MHOs could accelerate the expansion of CBHI coverage, including in the most impoverished populations. However, they also suggest that increasing operational capacity alone may be insufficient to make CBHI schemes sustainable over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rouyard
- Research Center for Health Policy and Economics, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukichi Mano
- Graduate School of Economics, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bocar Mamadou Daff
- National Agency for Universal Health Financial Protection, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Serigne Diouf
- National Agency for Universal Health Financial Protection, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Laetitia Duval
- Centre d'Économie de la Sorbonne, UMR 8174, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Josselin Thuilliez
- Centre d'Économie de la Sorbonne, UMR 8174, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Ryota Nakamura
- Research Center for Health Policy and Economics, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan
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