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Weir RJ, Paintin DB, Robertson JIS, Tree M, Fraser R, Young J. Renin, Angiotensin and Aldosterone Relationships in Normal Pregnancy. Proc R Soc Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/003591577006311p110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R J Weir
- MRC Blood Pressure Unit, Western Infirmary, Glasgow; and Departments of Obstetrics, St Mary's Hospital, London and the Queen Mother's Hospital, Glasgow
| | - D B Paintin
- MRC Blood Pressure Unit, Western Infirmary, Glasgow; and Departments of Obstetrics, St Mary's Hospital, London and the Queen Mother's Hospital, Glasgow
| | - J I S Robertson
- MRC Blood Pressure Unit, Western Infirmary, Glasgow; and Departments of Obstetrics, St Mary's Hospital, London and the Queen Mother's Hospital, Glasgow
| | - M Tree
- MRC Blood Pressure Unit, Western Infirmary, Glasgow; and Departments of Obstetrics, St Mary's Hospital, London and the Queen Mother's Hospital, Glasgow
| | - R Fraser
- MRC Blood Pressure Unit, Western Infirmary, Glasgow; and Departments of Obstetrics, St Mary's Hospital, London and the Queen Mother's Hospital, Glasgow
| | - J Young
- MRC Blood Pressure Unit, Western Infirmary, Glasgow; and Departments of Obstetrics, St Mary's Hospital, London and the Queen Mother's Hospital, Glasgow
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Powe CE, Levine RJ, Karumanchi SA. Preeclampsia, a disease of the maternal endothelium: the role of antiangiogenic factors and implications for later cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2011; 123:2856-69. [PMID: 21690502 PMCID: PMC3148781 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.853127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 690] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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WATANABE M, MEEKER CI, GRAY MJ, SIMS EA, SOLOMON S. SECRETION RATE OF ALDOSTERONE IN NORMAL PREGNANCY. J Clin Invest 1996; 42:1619-31. [PMID: 14074356 PMCID: PMC289441 DOI: 10.1172/jci104847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Gant NF, Daley GL, Chand S, Whalley PJ, MacDonald PC. A study of angiotensin II pressor response throughout primigravid pregnancy. J Clin Invest 1973; 52:2682-9. [PMID: 4355997 PMCID: PMC302534 DOI: 10.1172/jci107462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 832] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to ascertain sequentially the pressor response to angiotensin II in young primigravid patients throughout pregnancy in order a) to define when in pregnancy resistance to the pressor effects of angiotensin II develops; b) to define the physiologic sequence of events leading to this resistance; and c) to ascertain whether sensitivity to infused angiotensin II could be detected before the onset of clinical signs of pregnancy-induced hypertension. With this prospective approach, two separate groups of patients were defined. The first group of patients remained normal throughout pregnancy. The second group consisted of those patients who, while clinically normotensive during the initial phase of the study, ultimately developed hypertension of pregnancy.192 patients were studied; of these, 120 patients remained normotensive and 72 developed pregnancy-induced hypertension. In both groups, vascular resistance to infused angiotensin II (more than 8 ng/kg/min required to elicit a pressor response of 20 mm Hg in diastolic pressure) was demonstrated as early as the 10th wk of pregnancy. In the group that remained normotensive, maximum mean vascular resistance occurred at 18-30 wk of pregnancy, (mean pressor dose required being 13.5 to 14.9 ng/kg/min). In those subjects who developed pregnancy-induced hypertension, the mean maximum dose required was 12.9 ng/kg/min, which was observed at the 18th wk of pregnancy. By the 22nd wk there was a clear separation of the two groups, with the mean dose requirement of the subjects destined to develop hypertension being progressively less than that of those who remained normal. The difference between the two groups became significant (P < 0.01) by 23-26 wk of pregnancy. Among patients requiring more than 8 ng/kg/min on one or more tests done between wk 28-32, 91% remained normotensive. Conversely, during the same time period among patients requiring less than 8 ng/kg/min, on at least one occasion, 90% developed pregnancy-induced hypertension.
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Beitins IZ, Bayard F, Levitsky L, Ances IG, Kowarski A, Migeon CJ. Plasma aldosterone concentration at delivery and during the newborn period. J Clin Invest 1972; 51:386-94. [PMID: 5009121 PMCID: PMC302137 DOI: 10.1172/jci106824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone concentrations in plasma of women on normal sodium intake undergoing cesarean section were 3.7+/-1.4 ng/100 ml (mean+/-1 SD). These values were significantly lower (P < 0.001) than those observed in mothers on normal sodium diet, delivered by the vaginal route (14.9+/-7.0 ng/100 ml). A significant elevation (P < 0.001) of the concentrations was found if the mothers had been on sodium restriction and/or diuretics (44.9+/-24.2 ng/100 ml). In supine position, adult nonpregnant subjects have aldosterone concentrations in plasma of 1.7+/-1.4 ng/100 ml on normal sodium intake and of 16.7+/-8.1 ng/100 ml on low sodium diet.Simultaneous determinations of aldosterone levels in cord blood showed that cord values were significantly higher than those of the corresponding mother (P < 0.01 by paired t test). However, values in cord blood of infants born to mothers on a normal sodium intake were significantly lower (P < 0.005) than those of infants whose mothers had required low sodium diet and/or diuretics during their pregnancy. Aldosterone concentrations in plasma of infants 1-72 hr of age and born to mothers on normal sodium intake were 25.9+/-11.7 ng/100 ml (mean +/-1 SD). These values were significantly lower (P < 0.005) than those of infants born to mothers on restricted sodium intake with or without diuretics (80.3+/-54.4 ng/100 ml). The concentrations at birth were not significantly different from those observed during the first 3 days of life (P > 0.6).
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Fadel HE, Soliman MDE, El-Mehairy MM. Serum Complement Activity in Preeclamptic Pregnancies. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1972. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1879-3479.1972.tb00808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossam E. Fadel
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department and the Allergy Unit. Faculty of Medicine; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
| | - M. Diaa Eldin Soliman
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department and the Allergy Unit. Faculty of Medicine; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
| | - M. M. El-Mehairy
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department and the Allergy Unit. Faculty of Medicine; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
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Robertson JI, Weir RJ, Düsterdieck GO, Fraser R, Tree M. Renin, angiotensin and aldosterone in human pregnancy and the menstrual cycle. Scott Med J 1971; 16:183-96. [PMID: 4326683 DOI: 10.1177/003693307101600303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone secretion is frequently, although not invariably, increased above the normal non-pregnant range in normal pregnancy. Substantial increases in plasma aldosterone concentration have also been demonstrated as early as the sixteenth week. In pregnancy, aldosterone secretion rate responds in the usual way to changes in sodium intake. Plasma renin concentration is frequently, but not invariably, raised above the normal non-pregnant range. Plasma renin-substrate is consistently raised in pregnancy. Plasma angiotensin II has also been shown usually to be raised in a series of pregnant women. A significant positive correlation has been shown between the maternal plasma aldosterone concentration and the product of the concurrent plasma renin and renin-substrate concentrations. This suggests that the increased plasma aldosterone in pregnancy is the consequence of an increase in circulating angiotensin II, which in turn is related to the level of both renin and its substrate in maternal blood. For these reasons, estimations of renin activity in pregnancy are of dubious value. The increased renin, angiotensin and aldosterone concentrations may represent a tendency to maternal sodium depletion, probably mainly a consequence of the increased glomerular filtration rate. It is possible that the nausea and other symptoms of early pregnancy may be a consequence of this tendency to sodium depletion, with its attendant hormonal changes. In ‘pre-eclampsia’, renin and aldosterone values are generally slightly lower than in normal pregnancy. Human chorion can apparently synthesize renin independently of the kidney. The physiological significance of this remains at present obscure, but it seems unlikely that this source contributes much, if at all, to the often elevated maternal plasma renin. Plasma renin, renin-activity and angiotensin II concentrations, and aldosterone secretion are increased in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
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Tateiwa T, Schewitz LJ. Sodium and potassium in parotid saliva during normal and hypertensive pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1970; 108:232-4. [PMID: 4952574 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(70)90302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Mackay EV, Khoo SK, Adsett G, Zymanska S. A clinical study of the effects of an aldosterone antagonist (Aldactone-A) and a thiazide diuretic (Enduron) in pregnancy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1969; 9:188-95. [PMID: 4900693 DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.1969.tb02556.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Vedra B, Horská S. [Day- and night-rhythm of alterations of body-weight and electrolyte excretion in physiologic pregnancy and in late toxemia]. ARCHIV FUR GYNAKOLOGIE 1969; 208:1-18. [PMID: 5394815 DOI: 10.1007/bf00673475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Stark G, Müller C. [The effect of saluretics on the excretion of aldosterone and electrolytes in normal pregnancy]. ARCHIV FUR GYNAKOLOGIE 1967; 204:16-27. [PMID: 5630693 DOI: 10.1007/bf00668260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Brown JJ, Davies DL, Doak PB, Lever AF, Robertson JI, Trust P. Plasma renin concentration in the hypertensive diseases of pregnancy. THE JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY OF THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH 1966; 73:410-7. [PMID: 4957870 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1966.tb05181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Stark G, Derra M. [The effect of large aldosterone administration on the electrolyte excretion in normal pregnancies]. ARCHIV FUR GYNAKOLOGIE 1965; 200:715-34. [PMID: 5898977 DOI: 10.1007/bf00668450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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FASCIOLO JC, DEVITO E, ROMERO JC, CUCCHI JN. THE RENIN CONTENT OF THE BLOOD OF HUMANS AND DOGS UNDER SEVERAL CONDITIONS. CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL 1964; 90:206-9. [PMID: 14111718 PMCID: PMC1922506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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RUSSELL A, LEVIN B, SINCLAIR L, OBERHOLZER VG. A REVERSIBLE SALT-WASTING SYNDROME OF THE NEWBORN AND INFANT: POSSIBLE INFANTILE HYPOALDOSTERONISM. Arch Dis Child 1963; 38:313-25. [PMID: 14058804 PMCID: PMC2018943 DOI: 10.1136/adc.38.200.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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STARK G. Zum Abbau und der Bildung des Aldosterons bei Nichtschwangeren und Schwangeren. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1962; 197:484-93. [PMID: 13983445 DOI: 10.1007/bf00667972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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NEHER R, STARK G. Nachweis von Corticosteroiden in menschlicher Placenta und Isolierung von 16α-Hydroxytestosteron. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1961; 17:510-2. [PMID: 14478807 DOI: 10.1007/bf02158627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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WERBOFF J, GOTTLIEB JS, DEMBICKI EL, HAVLENA J. Postnatal effect of antidepressant drugs administered during gestation. Exp Neurol 1961; 3:542-55. [PMID: 13784410 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4886(61)80004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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BARNES AC, DAVIES IJ. Sodium and potassium excretion in pre-eclampsia in response to sodium para-aminohippurate. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1960; 80:742-6. [PMID: 13687088 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(60)90583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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STARK G. Die Ausscheidung von Aldosteron, Cortison und Cortisol bei Nichtschwangeren und Schwangeren in der normalen und pathologischen Gravidit�t. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1960; 192:519-30. [PMID: 13833831 DOI: 10.1007/bf00669283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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SIMMER H, SIMMER I. Progesteron im peripheren Venenblut von Schwangeren mit Sp�tgestosen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1959; 37:971-5. [PMID: 14446871 DOI: 10.1007/bf01485151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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HAWKINS DF, NIXON WC. THE ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION OF THE HUMAN UTERUS IN NORMAL PREGNANCY AND LABOUR AND IN PROLONGED LABOUR. BJOG 1958; 65:895-910. [PMID: 13621288 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1958.tb08584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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GIROUD CJ, McCALL MF. Aldosterone in experimental and clinical medicine. Pediatr Clin North Am 1958:397-416. [PMID: 13542067 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)30658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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