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Eriksson D, Bianchi M, Landegren N, Nordin J, Dalin F, Mathioudaki A, Eriksson GN, Hultin-Rosenberg L, Dahlqvist J, Zetterqvist H, Karlsson Å, Hallgren Å, Farias FHG, Murén E, Ahlgren KM, Lobell A, Andersson G, Tandre K, Dahlqvist SR, Söderkvist P, Rönnblom L, Hulting AL, Wahlberg J, Ekwall O, Dahlqvist P, Meadows JRS, Bensing S, Lindblad-Toh K, Kämpe O, Pielberg GR. Extended exome sequencing identifies BACH2 as a novel major risk locus for Addison's disease. J Intern Med 2016; 280:595-608. [PMID: 27807919 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Addison's disease, the adrenal glands are targeted by destructive autoimmunity. Despite being the most common cause of primary adrenal failure, little is known about its aetiology. METHODS To understand the genetic background of Addison's disease, we utilized the extensively characterized patients of the Swedish Addison Registry. We developed an extended exome capture array comprising a selected set of 1853 genes and their potential regulatory elements, for the purpose of sequencing 479 patients with Addison's disease and 1394 controls. RESULTS We identified BACH2 (rs62408233-A, OR = 2.01 (1.71-2.37), P = 1.66 × 10-15 , MAF 0.46/0.29 in cases/controls) as a novel gene associated with Addison's disease development. We also confirmed the previously known associations with the HLA complex. CONCLUSION Whilst BACH2 has been previously reported to associate with organ-specific autoimmune diseases co-inherited with Addison's disease, we have identified BACH2 as a major risk locus in Addison's disease, independent of concomitant autoimmune diseases. Our results may enable future research towards preventive disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Eriksson
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Bianchi
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - N Landegren
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Nordin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F Dalin
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Mathioudaki
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G N Eriksson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Hultin-Rosenberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Dahlqvist
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Zetterqvist
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Å Karlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Å Hallgren
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F H G Farias
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Murén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K M Ahlgren
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Lobell
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Tandre
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S R Dahlqvist
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - P Söderkvist
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - L Rönnblom
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A-L Hulting
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Wahlberg
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - O Ekwall
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Dahlqvist
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J R S Meadows
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Bensing
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - O Kämpe
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G R Pielberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Association of autoimmune Addison's disease with alleles of STAT4 and GATA3 in European cohorts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88991. [PMID: 24614117 PMCID: PMC3948621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gene variants known to contribute to Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) susceptibility include those at the MHC, MICA, CIITA, CTLA4, PTPN22, CYP27B1, NLRP-1 and CD274 loci. The majority of the genetic component to disease susceptibility has yet to be accounted for. Aim To investigate the role of 19 candidate genes in AAD susceptibility in six European case-control cohorts. Methods A sequential association study design was employed with genotyping using Sequenom iPlex technology. In phase one, 85 SNPs in 19 genes were genotyped in UK and Norwegian AAD cohorts (691 AAD, 715 controls). In phase two, 21 SNPs in 11 genes were genotyped in German, Swedish, Italian and Polish cohorts (1264 AAD, 1221 controls). In phase three, to explore association of GATA3 polymorphisms with AAD and to determine if this association extended to other autoimmune conditions, 15 SNPs in GATA3 were studied in UK and Norwegian AAD cohorts, 1195 type 1 diabetes patients from Norway, 650 rheumatoid arthritis patients from New Zealand and in 283 UK Graves' disease patients. Meta-analysis was used to compare genotype frequencies between the participating centres, allowing for heterogeneity. Results We report significant association with alleles of two STAT4 markers in AAD cohorts (rs4274624: P = 0.00016; rs10931481: P = 0.0007). In addition, nominal association of AAD with alleles at GATA3 was found in 3 patient cohorts and supported by meta-analysis. Association of AAD with CYP27B1 alleles was also confirmed, which replicates previous published data. Finally, nominal association was found at SNPs in both the NF-κB1 and IL23A genes in the UK and Italian cohorts respectively. Conclusions Variants in the STAT4 gene, previously associated with other autoimmune conditions, confer susceptibility to AAD. Additionally, we report association of GATA3 variants with AAD: this adds to the recent report of association of GATA3 variants with rheumatoid arthritis.
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