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Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu S, Cheng L, Liu X. Recent advances in N-glycan biomarker discovery among human diseases. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024. [PMID: 38910518 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
N-glycans play important roles in a variety of biological processes. In recent years, analytical technologies with high resolution and sensitivity have advanced exponentially, enabling analysts to investigate N-glycomic changes in different states. Specific glycan and glycosylation signatures have been identified in multiple diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, nervous system disorders, and metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. These glycans demonstrate comparable or superior indicating capability in disease diagnosis and prognosis over routine biomarkers. Moreover, synchronous glycan alterations concurrent with disease initiation and progression provide novel insights into pathogenetic mechanisms and potential treatment targets. This review elucidates the biological significance of N-glycans, compares the existing glycomic technologies, and delineates the clinical performance of N-glycans across a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Si Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xin Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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2
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Pongracz T, Mayboroda OA, Wuhrer M. The Human Blood N-Glycome: Unraveling Disease Glycosylation Patterns. JACS AU 2024; 4:1696-1708. [PMID: 38818049 PMCID: PMC11134357 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Most of the proteins in the circulation are N-glycosylated, shaping together the total blood N-glycome (TBNG). Glycosylation is known to affect protein function, stability, and clearance. The TBNG is influenced by genetic, environmental, and metabolic factors, in part epigenetically imprinted, and responds to a variety of bioactive signals including cytokines and hormones. Accordingly, physiological and pathological events are reflected in distinct TBNG signatures. Here, we assess the specificity of the emerging disease-associated TBNG signatures with respect to a number of key glycosylation motifs including antennarity, linkage-specific sialylation, fucosylation, as well as expression of complex, hybrid-type and oligomannosidic N-glycans, and show perplexing complexity of the glycomic dimension of the studied diseases. Perspectives are given regarding the protein- and site-specific analysis of N-glycosylation, and the dissection of underlying regulatory layers and functional roles of blood protein N-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Pongracz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg A. Mayboroda
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Chao X, Zhang B, Yang S, Liu X, Zhang J, Zang X, Chen L, Qi L, Wang X, Hu H. Enrichment methods of N-linked glycopeptides from human serum or plasma: A mini-review. Carbohydr Res 2024; 538:109094. [PMID: 38564900 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Human diseases often correlate with changes in protein glycosylation, which can be observed in serum or plasma samples. N-glycosylation, the most common form, can provide potential biomarkers for disease prognosis and diagnosis. However, glycoproteins constitute a relatively small proportion of the total proteins in human serum and plasma compared to the non-glycosylated protein albumin, which constitutes the majority. The detection of microheterogeneity and low glycan abundance presents a challenge. Mass spectrometry facilitates glycoproteomics research, yet it faces challenges due to interference from abundant plasma proteins. Therefore, methods have emerged to enrich N-glycans and N-linked glycopeptides using glycan affinity, chemical properties, stationary phase chemical coupling, bioorthogonal techniques, and other alternatives. This review focuses on N-glycans and N-glycopeptides enrichment in human serum or plasma, emphasizing methods and applications. Although not exhaustive, it aims to elucidate principles and showcase the utility and limitations of glycoproteome characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyuan Chao
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoying Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizi Liu
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Beigou Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Qi
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghe Wang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Han Hu
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Beigou Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Liu HZ, Song XQ, Zhang H. Sugar-coated bullets: Unveiling the enigmatic mystery 'sweet arsenal' in osteoarthritis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27624. [PMID: 38496870 PMCID: PMC10944269 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a crucial post-translational modification process where sugar molecules (glycans) are covalently linked to proteins, lipids, or other biomolecules. In this highly regulated and complex process, a series of enzymes are involved in adding, modifying, or removing sugar residues. This process plays a pivotal role in various biological functions, influencing the structure, stability, and functionality of the modified molecules. Glycosylation is essential in numerous biological processes, including cell adhesion, signal transduction, immune response, and biomolecular recognition. Dysregulation of glycosylation is associated with various diseases. Glycation, a post-translational modification characterized by the non-enzymatic attachment of sugar molecules to proteins, has also emerged as a crucial factor in various diseases. This review comprehensively explores the multifaceted role of glycation in disease pathogenesis, with a specific focus on its implications in osteoarthritis (OA). Glycosylation and glycation alterations wield a profound influence on OA pathogenesis, intertwining with disease onset and progression. Diverse studies underscore the multifaceted role of aberrant glycosylation in OA, particularly emphasizing its intricate relationship with joint tissue degradation and inflammatory cascades. Distinct glycosylation patterns, including N-glycans and O-glycans, showcase correlations with inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and cellular senescence pathways, amplifying the degenerative processes within cartilage. Furthermore, the impact of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation in OA pathophysiology unveils critical insights into glycosylation-driven chondrocyte behavior and extracellular matrix remodeling. These findings illuminate potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers, signaling a promising avenue for targeted interventions in OA management. In this comprehensive review, we aim to thoroughly examine the significant impact of glycosylation or AGEs in OA and explore its varied effects on other related conditions, such as liver-related diseases, immune system disorders, and cancers, among others. By emphasizing glycosylation's role beyond OA and its implications in other diseases, we uncover insights that extend beyond the immediate focus on OA, potentially revealing novel perspectives for diagnosing and treating OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-zhi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-qiu Song
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chatham JC, Patel RP. Protein glycosylation in cardiovascular health and disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-00998-z. [PMID: 38499867 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-00998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation, which involves the attachment of carbohydrates to proteins, is one of the most abundant protein co-translational and post-translational modifications. Advances in technology have substantially increased our knowledge of the biosynthetic pathways involved in protein glycosylation, as well as how changes in glycosylation can affect cell function. In addition, our understanding of the role of protein glycosylation in disease processes is growing, particularly in the context of immune system function, infectious diseases, neurodegeneration and cancer. Several decades ago, cell surface glycoproteins were found to have an important role in regulating ion transport across the cardiac sarcolemma. However, with very few exceptions, our understanding of how changes in protein glycosylation influence cardiovascular (patho)physiology remains remarkably limited. Therefore, in this Review, we aim to provide an overview of N-linked and O-linked protein glycosylation, including intracellular O-linked N-acetylglucosamine protein modification. We discuss our current understanding of how all forms of protein glycosylation contribute to normal cardiovascular function and their roles in cardiovascular disease. Finally, we highlight potential gaps in our knowledge about the effects of protein glycosylation on the heart and vascular system, highlighting areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Silva MLS. Capitalizing glycomic changes for improved biomarker-based cancer diagnostics. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:366-395. [PMID: 37455827 PMCID: PMC10344901 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer serum biomarkers are valuable or even indispensable for cancer diagnostics and/or monitoring and, currently, many cancer serum markers are routinely used in the clinic. Most of those markers are glycoproteins, carrying cancer-specific glycan structures that can provide extra-information for cancer monitoring. Nonetheless, in the majority of cases, this differential feature is not exploited and the corresponding analytical assays detect only the protein amount, disregarding the analysis of the aberrant glycoform. Two exceptions to this trend are the biomarkers α-fetoprotein (AFP) and cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), which are clinically monitored for their cancer-related glycan changes, and only the AFP assay includes quantification of both the protein amount and the altered glycoform. This narrative review demonstrates, through several examples, the advantages of the combined quantification of protein cancer biomarkers and the respective glycoform analysis, which enable to yield the maximum information and overcome the weaknesses of each individual analysis. This strategy allows to achieve higher sensitivity and specificity in the detection of cancer, enhancing the diagnostic power of biomarker-based cancer detection tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luísa S. Silva
- Unidade de Aprendizagem ao Longo da Vida, Universidade Aberta, 1269-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Zhang Z, Cao Z, Wang J, Li Z, Wang T, Xiang Y. Serum protein N-glycome patterns reveal alterations associated with endometrial cancer and its phenotypes of differentiation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1157487. [PMID: 37435486 PMCID: PMC10331720 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1157487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant N-glycosylation and its involvement in pathogenesis have been reported in endometrial cancer (EC). Nevertheless, the serum N-glycomic signature of EC remains unknown. Here, we investigated serum N-glycome patterns of EC to identify candidate biomarkers. Methods This study enrolled 34 untreated EC patients and 34 matched healthy controls (HC) from Peking Union Medical College Hospital. State-of-the-art MS-based methods were employed for N-glycans profiling. Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were used to identify discriminative N-glycans driving classification. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to evaluate classification accuracy. Results EC patients displayed distinct differences in serum N-glycome and had abnormal high-mannose and hybrid-type N-glycans, fucosylation, galactosylation, and linkage-specific sialylation compared with HC. The glycan panel built with the four most discriminative and biologically important derived N-glycan traits could accurately identify EC (random forest model, the area under the curve [AUC]=0.993 [95%CI 0.955-1]). The performance was validated by two other models. Total hybrid-type N-glycans significantly associated with the differentiation types of EC could effectively stratify EC into well- or poorly-differentiated subgroups (AUC>0.8). Conclusion This study provides the initial evidence supporting the utility of serum N-glycomic signature as potential markers for the diagnosis and phenotyping of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejian Zhang
- Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zepeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
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Šoić D, Štambuk J, Tijardović M, Keser T, Lauc G, Bulum T, Lovrenčić MV, Rebrina SV, Tomić M, Novokmet M, Smirčić-Duvnjak L, Gornik O. Human complement component C3 N-glycome changes in type 1 diabetes complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1101154. [PMID: 37293493 PMCID: PMC10244649 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Changes in N-glycosylation have been described in numerous diseases and are being considered as biomarkers of ongoing pathological condition. Previous studies demonstrated the interrelation of N-glycosylation and type 1 diabetes (T1D), particularly linking serum N-glycan changes with complications accompanying the disease. Moreover, the role of complement component C3 in diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy has been implicated, and C3 N-glycome was found to be altered in young T1D patients. Therefore, we investigated associations between C3 N-glycan profiles and albuminuria and retinopathy accompanying T1D, as well as glycosylation connection with other known T1D complication risk factors. Research design and methods Complement component C3 N-glycosylation profiles have been analyzed from 189 serum samples of T1D patients (median age 46) recruited at a Croatian hospital centre. Using our recently developed high-throughput method, relative abundances of all six of the C3 glycopeptides have been determined. Assessment of C3 N-glycome interconnection with T1D complications, hypertension, smoking status, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), glycaemic control and duration of the disease was done using linear modelling. Results Significant changes of C3 N-glycome in severe albuminuria accompanying type 1 diabetes were observed, as well as in T1D subjects with hypertension. All except one of the C3 glycopeptides proved to be associated with measured HbA1c levels. One of the glycoforms was shown to be changed in non-proliferative T1D retinopathy. Smoking and eGFR showed no effect on C3 N-glycome. Furthermore, C3 N-glycosylation profile was shown to be independent of disease duration. Conclusion This study empowered the role of C3 N-glycosylation in T1D, showing value in distinguishing subjects with different diabetic complications. Being independent of the disease duration, these changes may be associated with the disease onset, making C3 N-glycome a potential novel marker of the disease progression and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinko Šoić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jerko Štambuk
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Tijardović
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Bulum
- Department of Endocrinology, University Clinic Vuk Vrhovac, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Vučić Lovrenčić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Martina Tomić
- Department of Endocrinology, University Clinic Vuk Vrhovac, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Lea Smirčić-Duvnjak
- Department of Endocrinology, University Clinic Vuk Vrhovac, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olga Gornik
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Trbojević-Akmačić I, Lageveen-Kammeijer GSM, Heijs B, Petrović T, Deriš H, Wuhrer M, Lauc G. High-Throughput Glycomic Methods. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15865-15913. [PMID: 35797639 PMCID: PMC9614987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycomics aims to identify the structure and function of the glycome, the complete set of oligosaccharides (glycans), produced in a given cell or organism, as well as to identify genes and other factors that govern glycosylation. This challenging endeavor requires highly robust, sensitive, and potentially automatable analytical technologies for the analysis of hundreds or thousands of glycomes in a timely manner (termed high-throughput glycomics). This review provides a historic overview as well as highlights recent developments and challenges of glycomic profiling by the most prominent high-throughput glycomic approaches, with N-glycosylation analysis as the focal point. It describes the current state-of-the-art regarding levels of characterization and most widely used technologies, selected applications of high-throughput glycomics in deciphering glycosylation process in healthy and disease states, as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bram Heijs
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tea Petrović
- Genos,
Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helena Deriš
- Genos,
Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos,
Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University
of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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10
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Ren W, Bian Q, Cai Y. Mass spectrometry-based N-glycosylation analysis in kidney disease. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:976298. [PMID: 36072428 PMCID: PMC9442644 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.976298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is a global health concern with an enormous expense. It is estimated that more than 10% of the population worldwide is affected by kidney disease and millions of patients would progress to death prematurely and unnecessarily. Although creatinine detection and renal biopsy are well-established tools for kidney disease diagnosis, they are limited by several inevitable defects. Therefore, diagnostic tools need to be upgraded, especially for the early stage of the disease and possible progression. As one of the most common post-translational modifications of proteins, N-glycosylation plays a vital role in renal structure and function. Deepening research on N-glycosylation in kidney disease provides new insights into the pathophysiology and paves the way for clinical application. In this study, we reviewed recent N-glycosylation studies on several kidney diseases. We also summarized the development of mass spectrometric methods in the field of N-glycoproteomics and N-glycomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifu Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Bian
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Definition of IgG Subclass-Specific Glycopatterns in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy: Aberrant IgG Glycoforms in Blood. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094664. [PMID: 35563055 PMCID: PMC9101794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The podocyte injury, and consequent proteinuria, that characterize the pathology of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is mediated by an autoimmune reaction against podocyte antigens. In particular, the activation of pathways leading to abundant renal deposits of complement is likely to involve the binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) to aberrant glycans on immunoglobulins. To obtain a landscape of circulatory IgG Fc glycosylation characterizing this disease, we conducted a systematic N-glycan profiling study of IgG1, 2, and 4 by mass spectrometry. The cohort included 57 IMN patients, a pathological control group with nephrotic syndrome (PN) (n = 20), and 88 healthy control subjects. The effect of sex and age was assessed in all groups and controlled by rigorous matching. Several IgG Fc glycan traits were found to be associated with IMN. Interestingly, among them, only IgG4-related results were specific for IMN and not for PN. Hypo-galactosylation of IgG4, already shown for IMN, was observed to occur in the absence of core fucose, in line with a probable increase of pro-inflammatory IgG. In addition, elevated levels of fucosylated IgG4, along with low levels of hybrid-type glycans, were detected. Some of these IgG4 alterations are likely to be more pronounced in high PLA2R (phospholipase A2 receptor) patients. IgG Fc glycosylation patterns associated with IMN warrant further studies of their role in disease mechanisms and may eventually enrich the diagnostic spectrum regarding patient stratification.
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