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Al Sukhun SA, Vanderpuye V, Taylor C, Ibraheem AF, Wiernik Rodriguez A, Asirwa FC, Francisco M, Moushey A. Global Equity in Clinical Trials: An ASCO Policy Statement. JCO Glob Oncol 2024; 10:e2400015. [PMID: 38484198 PMCID: PMC10954071 DOI: 10.1200/go.24.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
ASCO is a global professional society representing more than 50,000 physicians, other health care professionals, and advocates in over 100 countries specializing in cancer treatment, diagnosis, prevention, and advocacy. ASCO strives, through research, education, and promotion of the highest quality of patient care, to create a world where cancer is prevented or cured, and every survivor is healthy. In this pursuit, health equity remains the guiding institutional principle that applies to all its activities across the cancer care continuum. This ASCO policy statement emphasizes the urgent need for global equity in clinical trials, aiming to enhance access and representation in cancer research as it not only improves cancer outcomes but also upholds principles of fairness and justice in health care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Verna Vanderpuye
- National Center for Radiotherapy Ghana, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Andres Wiernik Rodriguez
- Grupo Montecristo Healthcare Division, San José, Escazu, Costa Rica
- Hospital Metropolitano, San José, Costa Rica
- Metropolitano Research Institute, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Fredrick Chite Asirwa
- International Cancer Institute, Kenya International Cancer Institute | ICI, Eldoret, Kenya
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Thomas SP, Novak I, Ritterband-Rosenbaum A, Lind K, Webb A, Gross P, McNamara M. The critical need to accelerate cerebral palsy research with consumer engagement, global networks, and adaptive designs. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2024; 17:9-17. [PMID: 38552123 PMCID: PMC10977364 DOI: 10.3233/prm-240014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) varies globally, with higher rates and burden of disease in low- and middle-income countries. CP is a lifelong condition with no cure, presenting diverse challenges such as motor impairment, epilepsy, and mental health disorders. Research progress has been made but more is needed, especially given consumer demands for faster advancements and improvements in the scientific evidence base for interventions. This paper explores three strategies to accelerate CP research: consumer engagement, global clinical trial networks, and adaptive designs. Consumer engagement involving individuals with lived experience enhances research outcomes. Global clinical trial networks provide efficiency through larger and more diverse participant pools. Adaptive designs, unlike traditional randomized controlled trials, allow real-time modifications based on interim analyses, potentially answering complex questions more efficiently. The establishment of a CP Global Clinical Trials Network, integrating consumer engagement, global collaboration, and adaptive designs, marks a paradigm shift. The Network aims to address consumer-set research priorities. While challenges like ethical considerations and capacity building exist, the potential benefits for consumers, clinicians, researchers, and funding bodies are substantial. This paper underscores the urgency of transforming CP research methodologies for quicker translation of novel treatments into clinical practice to improve quality of life for those with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi P. Thomas
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Departments of Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Iona Novak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Karin Lind
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Annabel Webb
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Gross
- Cerebral Palsy Research Network, Greensville, SC, USA
| | - Maria McNamara
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - the CP Global Clinical Trials Network
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Departments of Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Elsass Foundation, Charlottenlund, Denmark
- Cerebral Palsy Research Network, Greensville, SC, USA
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Modlin C, Sugarman J, Chongwe G, Kass N, Nazziwa W, Tegli J, Shrestha P, Ali J. Towards achieving transnational research partnership equity: lessons from implementing adaptive platform trials in low- and middle-income countries. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:120. [PMID: 38089903 PMCID: PMC10714106 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18915.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Use of adaptive clinical trials, particularly adaptive platform trials, has grown exponentially in response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Implementation of these trials in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has been fostered through the formation or modification of transnational research partnerships, typically between research groups from LMICs and high-income countries (HICs). While these partnerships are important to promote collaboration and overcome the structural and economic disadvantages faced by LMIC health researchers, it is critical to focus attention on the multiple dimensions of partnership equity. Methods Based on informal literature reviews and a meeting with leaders of one of the multinational COVID-19 adaptive platform trials, we describe some important considerations about research partnership equity in this context. Results We organize these considerations into eight thematic categories: 1) epistemic structures, 2) funding, 3) ethics oversight, 4) regulatory oversight, 5) leadership, 6) post-trial access to interventions, data, and specimens, 7) knowledge translation and dissemination, and 8) research capacity strengthening and maintenance. Within each category we review normative claims that support its relevance to research partnership equity followed by discussion of how adaptive platform trials highlight new dimensions, considerations, or challenges. Conclusion In aggregate, these observations provide insight into procedural and substantive equity-building measures within transnational global health research partnerships more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Modlin
- Berman Institute for Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Jeremy Sugarman
- Berman Institute for Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Gershom Chongwe
- School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Nancy Kass
- Berman Institute for Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Winfred Nazziwa
- Uganda National Council for Science and Technology, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jemee Tegli
- Family Health International Clinical/Partnership for Research on Vaccines and Infectious Diseases in Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Prakriti Shrestha
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Joseph Ali
- Berman Institute for Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
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Modlin C, Sugarman J, Chongwe G, Kass N, Nazziwa W, Tegli J, Shrestha P, Ali J. Towards achieving transnational research partnership equity: lessons from implementing adaptive platform trials in low- and middle-income countries. Wellcome Open Res 2023. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18915.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Use of adaptive clinical trials, particularly adaptive platform trials, has grown exponentially in response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Implementation of these trials in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has been fostered through the formation or modification of transnational research partnerships, typically between research groups from LMICs and high-income countries (HICs). While these partnerships are important to promote collaboration and overcome the structural and economic disadvantages faced by LMIC health researchers, it is critical to focus attention on the multiple dimensions of partnership equity. Methods: Based on informal literature reviews and meetings with leaders of one of the multinational COVID-19 adaptive platform trials, we describe what can be learned about research partnership equity from these experiences. Results: We organize these considerations into eight thematic categories: 1) epistemic structures, 2) funding, 3) ethics oversight, 4) regulatory oversight, 5) leadership, 6) post-trial access to interventions, data, and specimens, 7) knowledge translation, and 8) research capacity strengthening and maintenance. Within each category we review the normative claims that support its relevance to research partnership equity followed by discussion of how adaptive platform trials highlight new dimensions, considerations, or challenges. Conclusion: These observations provide insight into procedural and substantive equity-building measures within transnational global health research partnerships more broadly.
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Kwok K, Sati N, Dron L, Murthy S. Data flow within global clinical trials: a scoping review. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2021-008128. [PMID: 35410953 PMCID: PMC9003606 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To document clinical trial data flow in global clinical trials published in major journals between 2013 and 2021 from Global South to Global North. Design Scoping analysis Methods We performed a search in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) to retrieve randomised clinical trials published between 2013 and 2021 from The BMJ, BMJ Global Health, the Journal of the American Medical Association, the Lancet, Lancet Global Health and the New England Journal of Medicine. Studies were included if they involved recruitment and author affiliation across different country income groupings using World Bank definitions. The direction of data flow was extracted with a data collection tool using sites of trial recruitment as the starting point and the location of authors conducting statistical analysis as the ending point. Results Of 1993 records initially retrieved, 517 studies underwent abstract screening, 348 studies underwent full-text screening and 305 studies were included. Funders from high-income countries were the sole funders of the majority (82%) of clinical trials that recruited across income groupings. In 224 (73.4%) of all assessable studies, data flowed exclusively to authors affiliated with high-income countries or to a majority of authors affiliated with high-income countries for statistical analysis. Only six (3.2%) studies demonstrated data flow to lower middle-income countries and upper middle-income countries for analysis, with only one with data flow to a lower middle-income country. Conclusions Global clinical trial data flow demonstrates a Global South to Global North trajectory. Policies should be re-examined to assess how data sharing across country income groupings can move towards a more equitable model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Kwok
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Neha Sati
- Cytel Inc, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Louis Dron
- Cytel Inc, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Srinivas Murthy
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Stanway S, Lodge M, Sullivan R, Diprose K, Young AM, Crisp N, Lewis P, Eden T, Aggarwal A, Nadin A, Chinegwundoh F, Sirohi B, Byrne G, Cowan R. The UK's contribution to cancer control in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22:e410-e418. [PMID: 34478677 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer mortality rates in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are unacceptably high, requiring both collaborative global effort and in-country solutions. Experience has shown that working together in policy, clinical practice, education, training, and research leads to bidirectional benefit for LMICs and high-income countries. For over 60 years, the UK National Health Service has benefited from recruitment from LMICs, providing the UK with a rich diaspora of trained health-care professionals with links to LMICs. A grassroots drive to engage with partners in LMICs within the UK has grown from the National Health Service, UK academia, and other organisations. This drive has generated a model that rests on two structures: London Global Cancer Week and the UK Global Cancer Network, providing a high-value foundation for international discussion and collaboration. Starting with a historical perspective, this Series paper describes the UK landscape and offers a potential plan for the future UK's contribution to global cancer control. We also discuss the opportunities and challenges facing UK partnerships with LMICs in cancer control. The UK should harness the skills, insights, and political will from all partners to make real progress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Lodge
- UK Global Cancer Network, Manchester, UK; International Network for Cancer Treatment and Research, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Annie M Young
- UK Global Cancer Network, Manchester, UK; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Nigel Crisp
- House of Lords, Houses of Parliament, London, UK
| | - Philippa Lewis
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Tim Eden
- World Child Cancer, London, UK; School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ajay Aggarwal
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ged Byrne
- Health Education England Global Engagement, London, UK; Department of Surgery, Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Cowan
- UK Global Cancer Network, Manchester, UK; School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Clinical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Belay S, Giday M, Manyazewal T. Harnessing Clinical Trial Capacity to Mitigate Zoonotic Diseases: The Role of Expert Scientists in Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2021; 9:621433. [PMID: 33869126 PMCID: PMC8047130 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.621433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The emergence and resurgence of zoonotic diseases have continued to be a major threat to global health and the economy. Developing countries are particularly vulnerable due to agricultural expansions and domestication of animals with humans. Scientifically sound clinical trials are important to find better ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat zoonotic diseases, while there is a lack of evidence to inform the clinical trials' capacity and practice in countries highly affected with the diseases. This study aimed to investigate expert scientists' perceptions and experiences in conducting clinical trials toward zoonotic diseases in Ethiopia. Methods: This study employed a descriptive, qualitative study design. It included major academic and research institutions in Ethiopia that had active engagements in veterinary and public health researches. It included the National Veterinary Institute, the National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, the College of Veterinary Medicine at Addis Ababa University, the Ethiopian Public Health Institute, the Armauer Hansen Research Institute, and the College of Health Sciences at Addis Ababa University. In-depth interviews were conducted with expert scientists. Data were collected from October 2019 to April 2020. Data analysis was undertaken using open code 4.03 for qualitative data analysis. Results: Five major themes, with 18 sub-themes, emerged from the in-depth interviews. These were: challenges in the prevention, control, and treatment of zoonotic diseases; One Health approach to mitigate zoonotic diseases; personal and institutional experiences in conducting clinical trials on zoonotic diseases; barriers in conducting clinical trials toward zoonotic diseases; and strategies that promote conducting clinical trials on zoonotic diseases. Conducting clinical trials on zoonotic diseases in Ethiopia is hampered by a lack of clearly articulated ethics and regulatory frameworks, trial experts, financial resources, and good governance. Conclusion: In Ethiopia, conducting clinical trials on zoonotic diseases deserves due attention. Strengthening institutional and human resources capacity is a pre-condition to harness effective implementation of clinical trials on zoonotic diseases in the country. In Ethiopia where skilled human resource is scarce, One Health approach has the potential to form multidisciplinary teams to systematically improve clinical trials capacity and outcomes in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senait Belay
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Mirutse Giday
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegahun Manyazewal
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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