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Zhang J, Jia Q, Li N, Gu L, Dan W, Dai J. Recent Developments of Gramine: Chemistry and Biological Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:5695. [PMID: 37570664 PMCID: PMC10419902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural alkaloid gramine has attracted significant attention in both academic and industrial circles because of its potential and diverse biological activities, including antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities; application in therapy for Alzheimer's disease; serotonin-receptor-related activity; insecticidal activity; and application as an algicide. In this review, we focus on the research advances that have been made for gramine-based molecules since their discovery, providing key information on their extraction and separation, chemical synthesis and diverse biological activities. Data regarding their mechanisms of action are also presented. This comprehensive and critical review will serve as a guide for developing more drug candidates based on gramine skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyue Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (Q.J.)
| | - Qitao Jia
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (Q.J.)
| | - Na Li
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Liqiang Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China;
| | - Wenjia Dan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (Q.J.)
| | - Jiangkun Dai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; (J.Z.); (Q.J.)
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Cívico-Ortega JL, González-Ruiz I, Ramos-García P, Cruz-Granados D, Samayoa-Descamps V, González-Moles MÁ. Prognostic and Clinicopathological Significance of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11888. [PMID: 37569265 PMCID: PMC10419199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the current evidence in relation to the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published before November 2022. We evaluated the quality of primary-level studies using the QUIPS tool, conducted meta-analyses, examined inter-study heterogeneity via subgroup analyses and meta-regressions, and performed small-study effects analyses. Fifty primary-level studies (4631 patients) met the inclusion criteria. EGFR overexpression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.38, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.06-1.79, p = 0.02), N+ status (odds ratio [OR] = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.01-1.86, p = 0.04), and moderately-poorly differentiated OSCC (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.05-1.94, p = 0.02). In addition, better results were obtained by the application of a cutoff point ≥10% tumor cells with EGFR overexpression (p < 0.001). In conclusion, our systematic review and meta-analysis supports that the immunohistochemical assessment of EGFR overexpression may be useful as a prognostic biomarker for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Cívico-Ortega
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.L.C.-O.); (D.C.-G.); (V.S.-D.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel González-Ruiz
- Hospital Universitario San Juan de Reus, CAP Marià Fortuny, 43204 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Pablo Ramos-García
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.L.C.-O.); (D.C.-G.); (V.S.-D.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - David Cruz-Granados
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.L.C.-O.); (D.C.-G.); (V.S.-D.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Valerie Samayoa-Descamps
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.L.C.-O.); (D.C.-G.); (V.S.-D.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Moles
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.L.C.-O.); (D.C.-G.); (V.S.-D.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
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Manna S, Kirtana R, Roy A, Baral T, Patra SK. Mechanisms of hedgehog, calcium and retinoic acid signalling pathway inhibitors: Plausible modes of action along the MLL-EZH2-p53 axis in cellular growth control. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 742:109600. [PMID: 37142078 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanism(s) of small compounds in cellular growth control are essential for using those against the disease(s). Oral cancers exhibit a very high mortality rate due to higher metastatic potential. Aberrant EGFR, RAR, HH signalling, enhanced [Ca2+] and oxidative stress are some of the important characteristics of oral cancer. So, we target these for our study. Herein, we tested the effect of fendiline hydrochloride (FH) as an LTCC Ca2+-channel inhibitor, erismodegib (a SMO inhibitor of HH-signalling) and all-trans retinoic acid (RA) inducer of RAR signalling that causes cellular differentiation. OCT4 activating compound (OAC1) counters differentiation and induces stemness properties. Cytosine β-D arabinofuranoside (Cyto-BDA), a DNA replication inhibitor was used to reduce high proliferative capacity. Treatment of FaDu cells with OAC1, Cyto-BDA and FH increase G0/G1 population by 3%, 20% and 7% respectively, and lead to reduction of cyclin D1, CDK4/6 levels. Erismodegib arrests the cells in S-phase with reduced cyclin-E1&A1 levels, whereas RA-treatment causes G2/M phase arrest with reduced cyclin-B1. There was a decrease in the expression of EGFR and mesenchymal markers, Snail/Slug/Vim/Zeb/Twist, and increased E-cadherin expression in all the drug treatments, indicating a reduction in proliferative signal and EMT. Enhanced MLL2 (Mll4) and reduced EZH2 expression associated overexpression of p53 and p21 were traced out. We conclude that these drugs impact expression of epigenetic modifiers by modulating signalling pathways and the epigenetic modifiers then controls the expression of cell cycle control genes, including p53 and p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Manna
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - R Kirtana
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Ankan Roy
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Tirthankar Baral
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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Mohanapure NS, Khandeparkar SGS, Saragade PB, Gogate BP, Joshi AR, Mehta SR. Immunohistochemical study of epidermal growth factor receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu, p53, and Ki67 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2022; 26:127-128. [PMID: 35571320 PMCID: PMC9106230 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_310_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor occurring in the oral cavity. Aim: The present study was conducted to evaluate the biomarkers such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu), p53 and Ki67 expression in OSCC cases, and its correlation with other well-established clinicopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: Seventy cases of OSCC cases diagnosed between 2015 and 2019 were included in the study. A technique of manual tissue microarray was employed for the analysis of expression of IHC markers such as EGFR, HER2/neu, p53, and Ki67 in all cases. Results were subjected to the statistical analysis. Results: A statistically significant positive association was noted between EGFR expression and tumor grade, tumor stage, and p53 immunoexpression in OSCC cases. Increased EGFR expression was noted insignificantly in OSCC cases with lymph node (LN) metastasis and Ki67 positive cases. Statistically significant positive association was noted between HER2/neu expression and tumor grade and stage of oral SCC cases. Increased HER2/neu expression was noted insignificantly in OSCC cases with LN metastasis, p53 and Ki67 positive OSCC cases. A statistically significant positive association was noted between percent of tumor cells expressing EGFR, HER2/neu, p53 and Ki67, and grade of OSCC. Conclusion: This study intends to document prognostic utility of EGFR and HER2/neu expression in OSCC cases in the Indian setting and contribute to the data pool which could aid in formulating individual tailored therapy that includes targeted therapy in oral SCC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Sureshrao Mohanapure
- Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Pradnya B Saragade
- Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bageshri P Gogate
- Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avinash R Joshi
- Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sameera Rajendra Mehta
- Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Roy A. Molecular docking analysis of compounds from Andrographis paniculata with EGFR. Bioinformation 2021; 17:23-28. [PMID: 34393414 PMCID: PMC8340687 DOI: 10.6026/97320630017023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR is linked with oral cancer. Therefore, it is of interest document the molecular docking analysis of compounds from Andrographis paniculata with EGFR. Data shows the binding features of five compounds 14- acetylandrographolide, andrograpanin, andrographolide, isoandrographolide and neoandrographolide from Andrographis paniculata with EGFR for further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu-600077, India
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Sajjanar M, Sajjan P, Puranik RS, Vanaki S, Jayanth V, Naik P. "Analysis of immunohistochemical expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in oral squamous cell carcinoma using tissue microarray technology and whole sections:" A comparative study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2020; 24:499-504. [PMID: 33967487 PMCID: PMC8083405 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_154_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for more than 90% of all oral cancers. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) dysregulation is associated with essentially all of the key features of cancer. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) allow the simultaneous analysis of many tumours using small-diameter cores sampled from larger blocks of tissue. Hence present study was taken up to validate TMA technology. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To analyse and compare the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of EGFR in OSCC using TMA technology and in whole tissue sections. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study included 34 cases of OSCC.Three tissue cores, each 1 mm in diameter were placed into a recipient paraffin block using a precision microarray instrument finally containing 102 spots. EGFR expression was analysed. Agreement between whole sections and TMA scores was analysed using Cohen's weighted Kappa. RESULTS EGFR expression was seen in 61.8% of whole section cases. In TMA out of 102 cores 75.50 % of the disks were confirmed to represent an adequate amount of tumor tissue. In TMA 48.5% cases showed EGFR expression.The EGFR expression of whole. CONCLUSION Some OSCC express high EGFR and this expression may be an independent Wfactor of certain clinico-pathological variables. TMA may be used as an adjunct with conventional method of evaluation of OSCC especially in larger sample sized studies keeping in mind its limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Sajjanar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Mallareddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Parappa Sajjan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Mallareddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rudrayya S Puranik
- Department of Oral Pathology, PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - Shreenivas Vanaki
- Department of Oral Pathology, PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - V Jayanth
- Department of Oral Pathology SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pooja Naik
- Department of Oral Pathology, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Vats S, Ganesh MS, Agarwal A. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 neu expression in head and neck squamous cell cancers and its clinicopathological correlation: Results from an Indian cancer center. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2018; 61:313-318. [PMID: 30004046 DOI: 10.4103/0377-4929.236599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/neuprotooncogene (neu) is a proven molecular prognostic marker in breast, ovarian, gastric, and ovarian cancers. In head-and-neck cancers, varied expression is documented and therefore its prognostic role is debatable. Aim of the Study To find the rate of overexpression of HER2/neu in head-and-neck cancers and to understand its prognostic role by evaluating its association with nodal stage and overall stage of the patient. Methodology A total of 70 surgically resected cases of head-and-neck cancers were evaluated for expression of HER2/neu by immunohistochemistry. Scoring was done according to the American Society of Clinical Oncologists/College of American Pathologistsguidelines for Her2/neu testing in breast cancer. Results Of the 70 cases studied, 57 were of oral cavity and 13 were laryngeal squamous cell cancers and 14 (20%) were Her2/neu positive. On correlating the expression of HER2/neu in T1/T2 (41 cases) versus T3/T4 (27 cases), the P value was found to be 0.8273 which was statistically insignificant. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference in expression of HER2/neu was found in between node negative and node positive cases (49 vs. 19 cases, respectively), with P = 0.512. Conclusion In the current settings, HER2/neu is not found to be a prognostic marker in head-and-neck cancers. Standard immunohistochemistry staining protocols need to be established like in breast cancers to aid uniform reporting and further evaluate the role of this important protooncogene in head-and-neck cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumedha Vats
- Department of Musculoskeletal Pathology, Royal Orthopedic Hospital NHS, Robert Atiken Institute of Clinical Research, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - M S Ganesh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arjun Agarwal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Hashmi AA, Hussain ZF, Aijaz S, Irfan M, Khan EY, Naz S, Faridi N, Khan A, Edhi MM. Immunohistochemical expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in South Asian head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: association with various risk factors and clinico-pathologic and prognostic parameters. World J Surg Oncol 2018; 16:118. [PMID: 29954411 PMCID: PMC6022491 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-018-1425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we intend to determine the immunohistochemical expression of EGFR in cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its association with prognostic clinico-pathologic features. Methods A total of 115 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, were included in the study. Clinico-pathologic features, risk factors, and recurrence status of cases were evaluated, and EGFR immunohistochemistry was performed. Results In our study, 52 cases (45.2%) of head and neck SCC were positive and 10 cases (8.7%) were focal positive for EGFR expression, while 53 cases (46.1%) were negative for EGFR expression. High EGFR expression (> 70%) was noted in 6.1% (7 cases), while 12.2% (14 cases) and 26.1% (30 cases) revealed 51–70% and 11–50% EGFR expression respectively. On the basis of intensity, strong EGFR expression was noted in 13.9% (16 cases) while 16.5% (19 cases) and 23.5% (27 cases) revealed intermediate and weak EGFR expression respectively. Significant association of EGFR expression was noted with tumor stage and disease-free survival. Conclusion We found a significant association of EGFR expression with tumor stage and disease-free survivals, which are the most important prognostic factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; therefore, EGFR expression can help as a prognostic biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. On the other hand, we suggest that molecular studies should be performed in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck in our setup to identify patients that can avail response from anti-EGFR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Ali Hashmi
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Saher Aijaz
- Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Erum Yousuf Khan
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Samreen Naz
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naveen Faridi
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amir Khan
- Kandahar University, Kandahar, Afghanistan.
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Ramu A, Kathiresan S, Ramadoss H, Nallu A, Kaliyan R, Azamuthu T. Gramine attenuates EGFR-mediated inflammation and cell proliferation in oral carcinogenesis via regulation of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:523-530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Costa V, Kowalski LP, Coutinho-Camillo CM, Begnami MD, Calsavara VF, Neves JI, Kaminagakura E. EGFR amplification and expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma in young adults. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 47:817-823. [PMID: 29395668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene alterations in two groups of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (a test group of subjects aged ≤40 years and a control group of subjects aged ≥50 years) and to associate the results with EGFR immunostaining, clinicopathological features, and the prognosis. Sixty cases of OSCC were selected (test group, n=21; control group, n=39). The tissue microarray technique was applied to ensure the uniformity of results. Gene amplification was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and immunohistochemical staining for EGFR was analyzed using an automated imaging system. EGFR amplification was higher in the test group than in the control group (P=0.018) and was associated with advanced clinical stage (P=0.013), regardless of age. Patients with EGFR overexpression had worse survival rates, as did patients who had T3-T4 tumours and positive margins. EGFR overexpression has a negative impact on disease progression. Despite the higher amplification of EGFR in young adults, it does not significantly impact the survival rates of affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Costa
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - L P Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C M Coutinho-Camillo
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M D Begnami
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V F Calsavara
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J I Neves
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Kaminagakura
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
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Somarriva C, Fernández A, Candia J, Campos J, Albers D, Briceño J. Dysregulation and detection methods of EGFR in oral cancer. A narrative review. JOURNAL OF ORAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.17126/joralres.2016.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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12
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Bates T, Kennedy M, Diajil A, Goodson M, Thomson P, Doran E, Farrimond H, Thavaraj S, Sloan P, Kist R, Robinson M. Changes in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Copy Number during Oral Carcinogenesis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:927-35. [PMID: 27197272 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a global healthcare problem associated with poor clinical outcomes. Early detection is key to improving patient survival. OSCC may be preceded by clinically recognizable lesions, termed oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). As histologic assessment of OPMD does not accurately predict their clinical behavior, biomarkers are required to detect cases at risk of malignant transformation. Epidermal growth factor receptor gene copy number (EGFR GCN) is a validated biomarker in lung non-small cell carcinoma. We examined EGFR GCN in OPMD and OSCC to determine its potential as a biomarker in oral carcinogenesis. METHODS EGFR GCN was examined by in situ hybridization (ISH) in biopsies from 78 patients with OPMD and 92 patients with early-stage (stages I and II) OSCC. EGFR ISH signals were scored by two pathologists and a category assigned by consensus. The data were correlated with patient demographics and clinical outcomes. RESULTS OPMD with abnormal EGFR GCN were more likely to undergo malignant transformation than diploid cases. EGFR genomic gain was detected in a quarter of early-stage OSCC, but did not correlate with clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION These data suggest that abnormal EGFR GCN has clinical utility as a biomarker for the detection of OPMD destined to undergo malignant transformation. Prospective studies are required to verify this finding. It remains to be determined if EGFR GCN could be used to select patients for EGFR-targeted therapies. IMPACT Abnormal EGFR GCN is a potential biomarker for identifying OPMD that are at risk of malignant transformation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(6); 927-35. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Bates
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom. Department of Cellular Pathology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew Kennedy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ameena Diajil
- Oral Diagnosis Department, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Michaela Goodson
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom. Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Thomson
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Doran
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Farrimond
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Selvam Thavaraj
- Oral Pathology, King's College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Sloan
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom. Department of Cellular Pathology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Kist
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Max Robinson
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom. Department of Cellular Pathology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
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Copy number gain of PIK3CA and MET is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2016; 468:579-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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14
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Gaopande V, Bhayekar P, Joshi A, Jadhav A. Immunohistochemical study of p53, Ki-67, epidermal growth factor receptor, and sex-determining region Y-box 2 in squamous cell carcinoma of tongue. BLDE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.4103/2468-838x.196089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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de Andrade ALDL, Ferreira SJ, Ferreira SMS, Ribeiro CMB, Freitas RDA, Galvão HC. Immunoexpression of EGFR and EMMPRIN in a series of cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:776-81. [PMID: 26296920 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) have been identified as oncologically important targets. This study aimed to evaluate the immunoexpression of EGFR and EMMPRIN in a series of cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS Forty-five cases of HNSCC were selected for this study and evaluated with anti-EGFR and anti-EMMPRIN antibodies. The percentage of positive cells was determined assessing to the following categories: score 1 (staining in 0-50% of cells), score 2 (staining in 51-75% of cells), and score 3 (staining in >75% of cells). Immunostaining intensity was graded according to the following parameters: score 1 (absent/weak expression) and score 2 (strong expression). RESULTS For EGFR, a predominance of high median scores was observed in cases of both histological grades of malignancy and in different clinical stages (p>0.05). For EMMPRIN, a statistically significant difference was observed between the histological grades of malignancy (p=0.030). Regarding the immunostaining intensity of EMMPRIN, it was observed a predominance of score 1 in cases with stages I/II, whereas most cases with stages III/IV presented score 2 (p=0.032). Considering the anatomical location, most cases of buccal floor presented higher median score of EMMPRIN in comparison with the other sites (p=0.015). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that both proteins are potential targets for cancer therapy and EMMPRIN can be used as a prognostic marker of a more aggressive biological behavior in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefânia Jeronimo Ferreira
- Oral Pathology Postgraduate Program, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roseana de Almeida Freitas
- Oral Pathology Postgraduate Program, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Hébel Cavalcanti Galvão
- Oral Pathology Postgraduate Program, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Randhawa V, Acharya V. Integrated network analysis and logistic regression modeling identify stage-specific genes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8:39. [PMID: 26179909 PMCID: PMC4502639 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-015-0114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with substantial mortality and morbidity but, OSCC can be difficult to detect at its earliest stage due to its molecular complexity and clinical behavior. Therefore, identification of key gene signatures at an early stage will be highly helpful. METHODS The aim of this study was to identify key genes associated with progression of OSCC stages. Gene expression profiles were classified into cancer stage-related modules, i.e., groups of genes that are significantly related to a clinical stage. For prioritizing the candidate genes, analysis was further restricted to genes with high connectivity and a significant association with a stage. To assess predictive power of these genes, a classification model was also developed and tested by 5-fold cross validation and on an independent dataset. RESULTS The identified genes were enriched for significant processes and functional pathways, and various genes were found to be directly implicated in OSCC. Forward and stepwise, multivariate logistic regression analyses identified 13 key genes whose expression discriminated early- and late-stage OSCC with predictive accuracy (area under curve; AUC) of ~0.81 in a 5-fold cross-validation strategy. CONCLUSIONS The proposed network-driven integrative analytical approach can identify multiple genes significantly related to an OSCC stage; the classification model that is developed with these genes may help to distinguish cancer stages. The proposed genes and model hold promise for monitoring of OSCC stage progression, and our findings may facilitate cancer detection at an earlier stage, resulting in improved treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Randhawa
- Functional Genomics and Complex Systems Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
| | - Vishal Acharya
- Functional Genomics and Complex Systems Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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Al-Eryani K, Cheng J, Abé T, Maruyama S, Yamazaki M, Babkair H, Essa A, Saku T. Protease-activated receptor 2 modulates proliferation and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:991-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Is salivary epidermal growth factor a biomarker for oral leukoplakia? A preliminary study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 119:451-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Chang KY, Tsai SY, Chen SH, Tsou HH, Yen CJ, Liu KJ, Fang HL, Wu HC, Chuang BF, Chou SW, Tang CK, Liu SY, Lu PJ, Yen CY, Chang JY. Dissecting the EGFR-PI3K-AKT pathway in oral cancer highlights the role of the EGFR variant III and its clinical relevance. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:43. [PMID: 23806066 PMCID: PMC3710269 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling is considered pivotal for oral cancer, and the pathway is a potential candidate for therapeutic targeting. Results A total of 108 archival samples which were from surgically resected oral cancer were examined. Immunohistochemical staining showed the protein expression of membranous wild-type EGFR and cytoplasmic phosphorylated AKT was detected in 63.9% and 86.9% of the specimens, respectively. In 49.1% of the samples, no phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression was detected. With regard to the EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII), 75.0% of the samples showed positive expression for moderate to severe staining, 31.5% of which had high expression levels. Real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for gene copy number assessment of PIK3CA revealed that 24.8% of the samples had alterations, and of EGFR showed that 49.0% had amplification. Direct sequencing of PIK3CA gene showed 2.3% of the samples had a hotspot point mutation. Statistical assessment showed the expression of the EGFRvIII correlated with the T classification and TNM stage. The Kaplan-Meier analyses for patient survival showed that the individual status of phosphorylated AKT and EGFRvIII led to significant differences in survival outcome. The multivariate analysis indicated that phosphorylated AKT, EGFRvIII expression and disease stage were patient survival determinants. Conclusions Aberrations in the EGFR-PI3K-AKT pathway were frequently found in oral cancers. EGFRvIII and phosphorylated AKT were predictors for the patient survival and clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Yu Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 7th Floor, No.35 Xiaodong Rd., Tainan City 701, Taiwan
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