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Shleider Carnero Canales C, Marquez Cazorla J, Furtado Torres AH, Monteiro Filardi ET, Di Filippo LD, Costa PI, Roque-Borda CA, Pavan FR. Advances in Diagnostics and Drug Discovery against Resistant and Latent Tuberculosis Infection. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2409. [PMID: 37896169 PMCID: PMC10610444 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) represents a subclinical, asymptomatic mycobacterial state affecting approximately 25% of the global population. The substantial prevalence of LTBI, combined with the risk of progressing to active tuberculosis, underscores its central role in the increasing incidence of tuberculosis (TB). Accurate identification and timely treatment are vital to contain and reduce the spread of the disease, forming a critical component of the global strategy known as "End TB." This review aims to examine and highlight the most recent scientific evidence related to new diagnostic approaches and emerging therapeutic treatments for LTBI. While prevalent diagnostic methods include the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), WHO's approval of two specific IGRAs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) marked a significant advancement. However, the need for a specific test with global application viability has propelled research into diagnostic tests based on molecular diagnostics, pulmonary immunity, epigenetics, metabolomics, and a current focus on next-generation MTB antigen-based skin test (TBST). It is within these emerging methods that the potential for accurate distinction between LTBI and active TB has been demonstrated. Therapeutically, in addition to traditional first-line therapies, anti-LTBI drugs, anti-resistant TB drugs, and innovative candidates in preclinical and clinical stages are being explored. Although the advancements are promising, it is crucial to recognize that further research and clinical evidence are needed to solidify the effectiveness and safety of these new approaches, in addition to ensuring access to new drugs and diagnostic methods across all health centers. The fight against TB is evolving with the development of more precise diagnostic tools that differentiate the various stages of the infection and with more effective and targeted treatments. Once consolidated, current advancements have the potential to transform the prevention and treatment landscape of TB, reinforcing the global mission to eradicate this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Shleider Carnero Canales
- Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru; (C.S.C.C.)
| | - Jessica Marquez Cazorla
- Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa 04000, Peru; (C.S.C.C.)
| | | | | | | | - Paulo Inácio Costa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-970, SP, Brazil
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-970, SP, Brazil
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Njagi LN, Nduba V, Mureithi MW, Mecha JO. Prevalence and predictors of tuberculosis infection among people living with HIV in a high tuberculosis burden context. BMJ Open Respir Res 2023; 10:10/1/e001581. [PMID: 37197794 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) disease is the leading cause of mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are approved for TB infection ascertainment. However, current IGRA data on the prevalence of TB infection in the context of near-universal access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and TB preventive therapy (TPT) are lacking. We estimated the prevalence and determinants of TB infection among PLHIV within a high TB and HIV burden context. METHODS This cross-sectional study included data from adult PLHIV age ≥18 years in whom QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) assay, an IGRA, was performed. TB infection was defined as a positive or indeterminate QFT-Plus test. Participants with TB and those who had previously used TPT were excluded. Regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of TB infection. RESULTS Of 121 PLHIV with QFT-Plus test results, females were 74.4% (90/121), and the mean age was 38.4 (SD 10.8) years. Overall, 47.9% (58/121) were classified as TB infection (QFT-Plus test positive and indeterminate results were 39.7% (48/121) and 8.3% (10/121), respectively). Being obese/overweight (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2; p=0.013, adjusted OR (aOR) 2.90, 95% CI 1.25 to 6.74) and ART usage for >3 years (p=0.013, aOR 3.99, 95% CI 1.55 to 10.28) were independently associated with TB infection. CONCLUSION There was a high TB infection prevalence among PLHIV. A longer period of ART and obesity were independently associated with TB infection. The relationship between obesity/overweight and TB infection may be related to ART use and immune reconstitution and requires further investigation. Given the known benefit of test-directed TPT among PLHIV never exposed to TPT, its clinical and cost implications for low and middle-income countries should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Nkirote Njagi
- Center for Respiratory Disease Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Nairobi Faculty of Health Sciences, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Videlis Nduba
- Center for Respiratory Disease Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Marianne Wanjiru Mureithi
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Nairobi Faculty of Health Sciences, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jared Ongechi Mecha
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Nairobi Faculty of Health Sciences, Nairobi, Kenya
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Mitini-Nkhoma SC, Mzinza DT, Chimbayo ET, Chirambo AP, Mhango DV, Kajanga C, Mandalasi C, Tembo DL, Mallewa J, Masamba L, Russell DG, Jambo KC, Squire SB, Mwandumba HC. Latent tuberculosis infection among adults attending HIV services at an urban tertiary hospital in Malawi. AIDS 2022; 36:2229-2231. [PMID: 36382441 PMCID: PMC9673177 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David T. Mzinza
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Clinical Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
| | - Elizabeth T. Chimbayo
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Clinical Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
| | - Aaron P. Chirambo
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Clinical Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
| | - David V. Mhango
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Clinical Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
| | - Cheusisime Kajanga
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Clinical Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
| | - Christine Mandalasi
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Clinical Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
| | - Dumizulu L. Tembo
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Clinical Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
| | - Jane Mallewa
- Department of Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences and Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Leo Masamba
- Department of Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences and Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - David G. Russell
- Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kondwani C. Jambo
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Clinical Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - S. Bertie Squire
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Henry C. Mwandumba
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Clinical Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
- Department of Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences and Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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Tlotleng N, Cohen C, Made F, Kootbodien T, Masha M, Naicker N, Blumberg L, Jassat W. COVID-19 hospital admissions and mortality among healthcare workers in South Africa, 2020-2021. IJID REGIONS 2022; 5:54-61. [PMID: 36065332 PMCID: PMC9433333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study describes the characteristics of admitted HCWs reported to the DATCOV surveillance system, and the factors associated with in-hospital mortality in South African HCWs. Methods Data from March 5, 2020 to April 30, 2021 were obtained from DATCOV, a national hospital surveillance system monitoring COVID-19 admissions in South Africa. Characteristics of HCWs were compared with those of non-HCWs. Furthermore, a logistic regression model was used to assess factors associated with in-hospital mortality among HCWs. Results In total, there were 169 678 confirmed COVID-19 admissions, of which 6364 (3.8%) were HCWs. More of these HCW admissions were accounted for in wave 1 (48.6%; n = 3095) than in wave 2 (32.0%; n = 2036). Admitted HCWs were less likely to be male (28.2%; n = 1791) (aOR 0.3; 95% CI 0.3-0.4), in the 50-59 age group (33.1%; n = 2103) (aOR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-1.8), or accessing the private health sector (63.3%; n = 4030) (aOR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1-1.5). Age, comorbidities, race, wave, province, and sector were significant risk factors for COVID-19-related mortality. Conclusion The trends in cases showed a decline in HCW admissions in wave 2 compared with wave 1. Acquired SARS-COV-2 immunity from prior infection may have been a reason for reduced admissions and mortality of HCWs despite the more transmissible and more severe beta variant in wave 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonhlanhla Tlotleng
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Section, National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa
- Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
| | - Cheryl Cohen
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand 2193, South Africa
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Felix Made
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Section, National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa
| | - Tahira Kootbodien
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Section, National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa
| | - Maureen Masha
- Division of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Right to Care, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nisha Naicker
- Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Lucille Blumberg
- Division of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Right to Care, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Waasila Jassat
- Division of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Right to Care, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Djibougou DA, Mensah GI, Sagna T, Sawadogo LT, Ouedraogo AK, Kabore A, Hien H, Meda CZ, Combary A, Belem AMG, Addo KK, Dabiré RK, Perreau M, Zinsstag J, Diagbouga SP. Magnitude and associated factors of latent tuberculosis infection due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex among high-risk groups in urban Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. IJID REGIONS 2022; 4:1-9. [PMID: 36093366 PMCID: PMC9453046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The overall prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in this study was 63.36%. The positivity rate for the tuberculin skin test was higher compared with the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus test. The prevalence of LTBI was high among slaughterhouse workers (100%). Protozoal infection was found to be significantly associated with LTBI.
Objectives Methods Results Conclusion
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Seedat F, James I, Loubser S, Waja Z, Mallal SA, Hoffmann C, Tiemessen CT, Chaisson RE, Martinson NA. Human leukocyte antigen associations with protection against tuberculosis infection and disease in human immunodeficiency virus-1 infected individuals, despite household tuberculosis exposure and immune suppression. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 126:102023. [PMID: 33249336 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.102023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles as correlates of risk for and protection against tuberculin skin test (TST) positivity and active TB disease amongst HIV-infected adults. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from 754 HIV-infected adults whole-blood. HLA-A, -B, -C and -DRB1 loci were genotyped by next generation sequencing methods. HLA alleles were analysed by the presence/absence of TST immune conversion and active TB disease and further stratified by exposure to a household TB contact, CD4+ T-cell count and, for active TB disease, TST-positivity. RESULTS HLA-A*29:11 and - B*45:01/07 were associated with TST-positivity, while HLA-A*24:02, -A*29:02 and -B*15:16 with TST-negativity. In participants with a household TB contact, HLA-A*66:01, -A*68:02 and -B*49:01 were associated with TST-negativity. For TB disease, HLA-B*41:01, -C*06:02, -DRB1*04:01 and -DRB1*15:01 were associated with susceptibility, while HLA-B*07:02 and -DRB1*11:01 were protective, even for CD4+ T-cell count <350 cells/mm3. For initial TST-positivity and subsequent TB disease, HLA-A*01:01 and -DRB1*11:01 conveyed protection including for those with CD4+ T-cell count <350 cells/mm3. CONCLUSION Several HLA alleles are noted as correlates of TB infection, risk and natural protection in HIV-infected individuals. HLA associations may enable risk stratification of those with HIV infection. Protective alleles may assist in future TB vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Seedat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Klerksdorp Tshepong Hospital Complex, Benji Oliphant Road, North West Province Department of Health, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
| | - Ian James
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, 90 South Street, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shayne Loubser
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, 1 Modderfontein Road and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ziyaad Waja
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), MRC Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, Chris Hani Road, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Simon A Mallal
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, 2201, West End Avenue, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher Hoffmann
- Johns Hopkins University Centre for TB Research, Charles Street, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caroline T Tiemessen
- Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Services, 1 Modderfontein Road and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Richard E Chaisson
- Johns Hopkins University Centre for TB Research, Charles Street, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neil A Martinson
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), MRC Soweto Matlosana Collaborating Centre for HIV/AIDS and TB, Chris Hani Road, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
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Bustamante-Rengifo JA, González-Salazar LÁ, Osorio-Certuche N, Bejarano-Lozano Y, Tovar Cuevas JR, Astudillo-Hernández M, Crespo-Ortiz MDP. Prevalence of and risk factors associated with latent tuberculosis infection in a Latin American region. PeerJ 2020. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) represents a health problem in Colombia, and its control is focused on the search for contacts and treatment of TB cases underscoring the role of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) as a reservoir of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The burden of LTBI in Colombia is unknown. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of LTBI and identify the associated risk factors. In this cross-sectional study, we recruited participants from four health care centers in Cali, Colombia. The participants were eligible if they were aged between 14 and 70 years, and all participants answered a survey evaluating their medical history and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. LTBI status was based on tuberculin skin test (TST) positivity using two thresholds: ≥10 mm (TST-10) and ≥15 mm (TST-15). The magnitude of the associations between independent factors and dependent outcomes (LTBI status and TST induration) were evaluated by logistic regression and generalized linear models, respectively. A total of 589 individuals were included with TST positivity rates of 25.3% (TST-10) and 13.2% (TST-15). Logistic regression showed that being between age 40 and 69 years (OR = 7.28, 95% CI [1.62–32.7]), being male (OR = 1.71, 95% CI [1.04–2.84]), being employed (OR = 1.56, 95% CI [1.02–2.38]), and having a low intake of alcohol (OR = 2.40, 95% CI [1.13–5.11]) were risk factors for TST positivity, while living in the north zone (OR = 0.32, 95% CI [0.18–0.55]), living in the suburb zone (OR = 0.28, 95% CI [0.15–0.52]) and having a secondary education (OR = 0.49 95% CI [0.29–0.83]) lowered the risk of TST positivity. The generalized linear model showed that the previous predictors, as well as a low body mass index, had an effect on TST reaction size. The LTBI prevalence found in the population was moderate, reflecting the continuous transmission of M. tuberculosis. Social factors seem to play a decisive role in the risk of LTBI. Employed males, who are over 40 years of age, are overweight, have a lower level of education and have a low intake of alcohol (50–100 mL, once/week) should be a priority group for prophylactic treatment as a strategy for TB control in this city.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luz Ángela González-Salazar
- Biotechnology and Bacterial Infections Group, Department of Microbiology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Nicole Osorio-Certuche
- Biotechnology and Bacterial Infections Group, Department of Microbiology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | - Miryam Astudillo-Hernández
- Biotechnology and Bacterial Infections Group, Department of Microbiology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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Mamishi S, Pourakbari B, Sadeghi RH, Marjani M, Mahmoudi S. Diagnostic Accuracy of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein (MCP)-2 as Biomarker in Response to PE35/PPE68 Proteins: A Promising Diagnostic Method for the Discrimination of Active and Latent Tuberculosis. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:281-286. [PMID: 30663558 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190119165805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have been conducted to find new biomarkers for the discrimination of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) from active TB (ATB); however, their findings are inconsistent. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential of in vitro antigenspecific expression of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein (MCP)-2 for discrimination of ATB and LTBI after stimulation of whole blood with PE35 and PPE68 recombinant proteins. MATERIALS AND METHODS The recombinant PE35 and PPE68 proteins were evaluated at a final concentration of 5 µg/ml by a 3-day whole blood assay. Secreted MCP-2 from the culture supernatants were measured by commercially available Human MCP2 ELISA Kit. The diagnostic performance of MCP-2 was ascertained by Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve and measuring the Area Under the Curve (AUC) and their 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). Cut-offs was estimated at various sensitivities and specificities and at the maximum Youden's index (YI), i.e. sensitivity specificity-1. RESULTS The median MCP-2 response to both PE35 and PPE68 in those with LTBI was significantly higher than patients with ATB. The discrimination performance of MCP-2 response following stimulation of PE35 (assessed by AUC) between LTBI and patients with ATB was 0.98 (95%CI: 0.94-1.00). Maximum discrimination was reached at a cut-off of 86pg/mL with 100% sensitivity and 97% specificity. The highest sensitivity and specificity was obtained using cut off 58 pg/mL following stimulation with PPE68 (100% and 90%, respectively; AUC: 0.94, 95%CI: 0.85- 1.00). CONCLUSION MCP-2 induced by PE35 and PPE68 shows good discriminatory power for discrimination of ATB and LTBI. Additional studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm the advantage of this marker, alone or combined with other markers; however, these findings present a promising method, which can discriminate between ATB and LTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Mamishi
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Children Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Pourakbari
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Children Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Hosseinpour Sadeghi
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Children Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Marjani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Mahmoudi
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Children Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Batyrshina YR, Schwartz YS. Modeling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis dormancy in bacterial cultures. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2019; 117:7-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Riccardi N, Alagna R, Motta I, Ferrarese M, Castellotti P, Nicolini LA, Diaw MM, Ndiaye M, Cirillo D, Codecasa L, Besozzi G. Towards ending TB: civil community engagement in a rural area of Senegal: results, challenges and future proposal. Infect Dis (Lond) 2019; 51:392-394. [PMID: 30773087 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2019.1572920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Riccardi
- a Division of Infectious Diseases , IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital , Via Stamira d'Ancona, 20 , 20127 Milan , Italy
| | - Riccardo Alagna
- b StopTB Italia Onlus , Milan , Italy.,c TB Supranational Reference Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Ilaria Motta
- b StopTB Italia Onlus , Milan , Italy.,d Department of Medical Sciences , Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Turin , Torino , Italy
| | - Maurizio Ferrarese
- b StopTB Italia Onlus , Milan , Italy.,e Regional TB Reference Centre, Villa Marelli Institute/ASST Niguarda Ca' Granda , Milan , Italy
| | - Paola Castellotti
- b StopTB Italia Onlus , Milan , Italy.,e Regional TB Reference Centre, Villa Marelli Institute/ASST Niguarda Ca' Granda , Milan , Italy
| | - Laura Ambra Nicolini
- f Infectious Diseases Unit , Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS per l'Oncologia , Genoa , Italy
| | - Mama Moussa Diaw
- b StopTB Italia Onlus , Milan , Italy.,g Médecin coordonnateur lutte contre la TB, Région médicale de Thiès , Thiès , Sénégal.,h Bureau Régional Immunisation et Surveillance Epidemiologique de Thiès , Thiès , Sénégal
| | - Mamoudou Ndiaye
- i District Sanitaire de Diofior/Département de Fatick , Diofior , Sénégal
| | - Daniela Cirillo
- b StopTB Italia Onlus , Milan , Italy.,c TB Supranational Reference Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Luigi Codecasa
- b StopTB Italia Onlus , Milan , Italy.,e Regional TB Reference Centre, Villa Marelli Institute/ASST Niguarda Ca' Granda , Milan , Italy
| | - Giorgio Besozzi
- b StopTB Italia Onlus , Milan , Italy.,j StopTB Italia Onlus Group
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