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Carlos NR, Basting RT, Kantovitz KR, Bronze-Uhle ES, Lisboa Filho PN, Cavalli V, Basting RT. In-office Bleaching Activated With Violet LED: Effect on Pulpal and Tooth Temperature and Pulp Viability. Oper Dent 2024; 49:262-272. [PMID: 38632866 DOI: 10.2341/23-093-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the influence of hydrogen peroxide (HP) with or without titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2) associated with violet LED (VL) regarding: a) the temperature change in the pulp chamber and facial surface; b) the decomposition of HP; and c) the cytotoxicity of the gels on pulp cells. METHODS AND MATERIALS The experimental groups were: HP35 (35% HP/Whiteness HP, FGM); HP35+VL; HP35T (HP35+TiO2); HP35T+VL; HP7 (7.5% HP/White Class 7.5%, FGM); HP7+VL; HP7T (HP7+TiO2); and HP7T+VL. TiO2 was incorporated into the bleaching gels at 1%. Eighty bovine incisors were evaluated to determine temperature change in 8 experimental groups (n=10/group). A k-type thermocouple was used to evaluate the temperatures of the facial surface and in the pulp chamber, achieved by enabling endodontic access to the palatal surface, throughout the 30-minute session. HP decomposition (n=3) of gels was evaluated by using an automatic potentiometric titrator at the initial and 30-minute time points. Trans-enamel and trans-dentinal cell viability were assessed with a pulp chamber device as well as enamel and dentin discs (n=6), and the treatment extracts (culture medium + diffused components) were collected and applied to MDPC-23 odontoblast cells to evaluate cell viability according to the MTT test. RESULTS A temperature increase in the pulp chamber was observed in the presence of VL at 30 minutes (p<0.05) (Mann-Whitney test). Also at 30 minutes, HP35 showed greater decomposition in the presence of VL rather than in its absence (p<0.05) (mixed linear models and the Tukey-Kramer test). HP7 provided greater cell viability than the groups treated with HP35 (p<0.05) (generalized linear models test). Cell viability was significantly lower for HP7 in the presence of VL (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Pulpal temperature increased with VL (maximum of 1.9°C), but did not exceed the critical limit to cause pulp damage. Less concentrated HP resulted in higher cell viability, even when associated with VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Carlos
- *Natalia Russo Carlos, DDS, MSc, PhD student, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R T Basting
- Rosanna Tarkany Basting, MSc, PhD, Post-doc student, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K R Kantovitz
- Kamila Rosamilia Kantovitz, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E S Bronze-Uhle
- Erika Soares Bronze-Uhle, Phys, Post-doc student, São Paulo State University (UNESP)
| | - P N Lisboa Filho
- Paulo Noronha Lisboa Filho, Phys, MSc, PhD, professor, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Cavalli
- Vanessa Cavalli, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R T Basting
- Roberta Tarkany Basting, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Marques JV, Carlos NR, Turssi CP, França FMG, Vieira Junior WF, Basting RT. Effectiveness of changing the color of darker teeth is potentiated by association with violet LED light. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103794. [PMID: 37699468 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of in-office bleaching protocols performed with violet LED light either combined with a bleaching agent containing 37% carbamide peroxide, or not, was determined by comparing teeth with different degrees of darkening. METHODOLOGY Eighty bovine incisors were separated into groups of "light" teeth (luminosity greater than or equal to B3) and "dark" teeth (less than or equal to A3.5) to receive the protocols: HP - 35% hydrogen peroxide (Whiteness HP), CP - 37% carbamide peroxide (Whiteness SuperEndo), LED - violet LED light (Bright Max Whitening), CPLED - CP associated with the LED. For color analysis the CIEL*a*b* e WID, ΔEab, ΔE00 e ΔWID parameters were used. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, Friedman or Nemenyi tests (α = 5%). RESULTS HP and CP resulted in similar color change values (ΔEab, ΔE00 e ΔWID) for light and dark teeth (p > 0.05). Dark teeth showed better bleaching effectiveness (ΔEab, ΔE00 e ΔWID) than light teeth when CPLED was used (p < 0.05). LED showed color change that were below the limits of acceptability and perceptibility for ΔWID. CONCLUSION light teeth are effectively bleached with the use of HP or CP, whereas dark teeth respond better to treatment with the CPLED protocol. Violet LED used alone did not show a satisfactory result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Vasconcellos Marques
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Bairro Swift, Campinas, CEP: 13045-755, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Russo Carlos
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Bairro Swift, Campinas, CEP: 13045-755, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Pedroso Turssi
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Bairro Swift, Campinas, CEP: 13045-755, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberta Tarkany Basting
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Bairro Swift, Campinas, CEP: 13045-755, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ferreira ACD, de Vasconcelos Catão MHC. Randomized clinical trial comparing the violet light emitting diode system and other tooth whitening techniques. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:219. [PMID: 37743453 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03884-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM to evaluate, through a clinical trial, the effectiveness and sensitivity of tooth whitening techniques using violet light emitting diodes (LED), comparing with other whitening techniques. METHODOLOGY 75 patients were selected to undergo tooth whitening, randomly distributed into five different treatment groups: G1 (35% hydrogen peroxide), G2 (35% hydrogen peroxide + Green LED), G3 (35% hydrogen peroxide at 35% + Blue LED), G4 (35% hydrogen peroxide + Violet LED) and G5 (Violet LED). Sensitivity measurement was recorded using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) from 0 to 10; tooth color measurement was performed before (T0) and after 30 days of whitening treatment (T1) using Easyshade Advance 4.0 Vita-Wilcos® dental spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher and Kruskal-Wallis exact test at significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS the enamel whitening effect was observed in all groups, with significant changes in G1. With regard to sensitivity, no statistically significant differences were found between groups. CONCLUSION In G5, no participant reported post-whitening sensitivity, suggesting that treatment with violet LED showed the best sensitivity outcomes, changing the enamel color one more tone on the color scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Helena Chaves de Vasconcelos Catão
- Departamento de Odontologia - Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Odontologia, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, State University of Paraiba, Bairro, Universitário- Campina Grande, Rua Baraúna, 531, Natal, PB, Brazil.
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Najar MPT, Barbosa LHR, Carlos NR, França FMG, Turssi CP, Vieira-Junior WF, Basting RT. Continuous vs fractionated violet LED light protocols for dental bleaching: evaluations of color change and temperature of the dental pulp and buccal surface. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023:103631. [PMID: 37236518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental color change and the temperature of the pulp chamber and of the buccal surface were evaluated during bleaching with 37% carbamide peroxide (CP) with continuous vs fractionated violet LED light protocols. METHODOLOGY Bovine incisors received in-office bleaching for 30 minutes using different light protocols (Bright Max Whitening, MMOptics). Teeth were separated into groups (n=10): HP) 35% hydrogen peroxide (Whiteness HP, FGM)/no light; CP) 37% carbamide peroxide (Whiteness SuperEndo, FGM)/no light; CP10) CP+10 min of continuous light; CP20) CP+20 min of continuous light; CP30) CP+30 min of continuous light; CPF) CP+20 cycles of 60 s light / 30 s no light (fractionated). Color evaluations were performed at different times. Evaluations of pulp and buccal surface temperatures were performed before and throughout the 30 minutes of bleaching. RESULTS Generalized linear models for repeated measures over time were applied to the data (α=5%). After the 1st session, CP20 and CP30 had significantly lower b* values than CP and CP10 (p=0.0071). For ΔEab and ΔE00, CPF, CP20 and CP30 showed the highest color change among the treatments after the third bleaching (p<0.05). For temperature evaluations, CP30 showed higher pulp and buccal surface temperatures than the other protocols (p<0.0001) after 20 min. CONCLUSION Fractionated or continuous application of violet LED for 20 or 30 min leads to greater effectiveness of color change. All protocols with the application of LED led to an increase in pulp and buccal surface temperatures during bleaching, although the fractionated application appeared to be safer than the use of continuous light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Hilel Rangel Barbosa
- Dental School São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Bairro Swift, Campinas, CEP: 13045-755, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Russo Carlos
- Dental School São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Bairro Swift, Campinas, CEP: 13045-755, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Mantovani Gomes França
- Dental School São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Bairro Swift, Campinas, CEP: 13045-755, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Pedroso Turssi
- Dental School São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Bairro Swift, Campinas, CEP: 13045-755, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Tarkany Basting
- Dental School São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Bairro Swift, Campinas, CEP: 13045-755, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Modern concepts of teeth whitening – a narrative review. EUREKA: HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5679.2022.002690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Whitening has been known since Biblical times. Nowadays, in the developed world, patients are placing a stronger interest in the aesthetic appearance of their teeth. As a result, public demand for aesthetic dentistry, including tooth whitening, has recently increased. Aesthetics of the teeth is of great importance to many patients.
The aim is to summarise and discuss the teeth whitening procedure, tools, materials, and methods, as well as its efficacy and safety. In addition, the paper aims to provide full and comprehensive information for dentists and their patients about the merits and perils of whitening.
Methods. Relevant literature from Scopus published in English was selected using the following search criteria "tooth OR teeth AND whitening OR bleaching" by 2022. In total, there were found 3840 papers. Then, we applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria to the selected scientific papers to choose the relevant ones.
Results. A comprehensive study of the available information related to means and products for teeth whitening was carried out. Whitening may be accomplished by the physical removal of the stain or a chemical reaction to lighten the tooth colour. The indications for appropriate use of tooth-whitening methods and products depend on the correct diagnosis of the discolouration. When used appropriately, tooth-whitening methods are safe and effective.
Conclusions. Tooth whitening is a form of dental treatment and should be completed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan developed by a dentist after an oral examination.
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Rossi B, Morimoto S, Tedesco TK, Cunha SR, Horliana ACRT, Ramalho KM. Effectiveness of Violet LED alone or in association with bleaching gel during dental photobleaching: A Systematic Review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102813. [PMID: 35304311 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To conduct a systematic review to determine the efficacy of violet led in promoting dental bleaching itself or accelerating dental bleaching when associated with peroxides. METHODS Clinical and in vitro studies were identified by a search on November 27th 2020 in the PubMed and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria were: 1) studies related to bleaching; 2) studies related to violet LED Light (405-410nm); and 3) studies that analyzed efficacy. The authors assessed the studies for risk of bias independently. Authors extracted outcomes including color change evaluation and pain assessment independently. RESULTS During the search process, 895 articles were found in the previously cited databases. After the first screening consisting of title and abstract evaluations, 18 articles were selected. Finally, 13 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review, being 5 clinical trial/case series and 8 in vitro studies. In vitro studies showed a high risk of bias and interventional studies showed a low risk of bias. CONCLUSION The violet Led seems to have the potential to bleach teeth without peroxides, with a clinical perceptible color alteration. However, the effect is small in comparison to bleaching using peroxides. When Violet Led is used in association with peroxides, it seems to potentialize the bleaching result. However, due to the high heterogeneity between studies, a small number of clinical studies, and the high risk of bias of the in vitro included studies, the results are not definitive, and further well-designed studies are needed to reach safe evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Rossi
- School of Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, Brazil
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Ferreira ACD, Batista ALA, Neto JDAF, Simões TMS, da Silva MDGB, de Barros DD, Catão JSDSB, de Oliveira TA, Catão MHCDV. Evaluation of dental enamel microproperties after bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide and different light sources: An in vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e969-e974. [PMID: 34667490 PMCID: PMC8501858 DOI: 10.4317/jced.58440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the tooth enamel surface morphology after the action of 35% hydrogen peroxide with and without LED activation. Material and Methods 70 bovine incisors with an enamel surface of 4x4x3 mm were used, prepared for reading superficial microhardness and roughness. Specimens were randomly distributed and divided into 7 experimental groups (n = 10); G1 = artificial saliva; G2 = 35% HP - 2 sessions (3x15´); G3 = Phosphoric Acid + 35% HP - 3 sessions (3x15´); G4 = 35% HP - 2 sessions (3x15´) + blue LED; G5 = 35% HP - 2 sessions (3x15´) + green LED; G6 = 35% HP - 2 sessions (3x20´) + violet LED; G7 = Violet LED - 2 sessions (3x20´). The results were analyzed by the Anova, Wilcoxon, Dunnett and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). Results The G4 group showed a greater change in microhardness. Regarding roughness, the biggest mean difference between groups occurred in G2, G5 and G7. Optical microscopy showed a smooth enamel surface in groups G2, G5 and G7. Conclusions Changes in the enamel surface were observed in relation to microhardness, but without significant changes in roughness, where the LED (green and violet) resulted in a smooth surface. Key words:Tooth whitening, superficial morphology, light, photoradiatio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alieny-Cristina-Duarte Ferreira
- Master's Student of the Graduate Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, State University of Paraiba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Bodocongó, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Ana-Luzia-Araújo Batista
- PhD student of the Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, State University of Paraiba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Bodocongó, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - José-de Alencar-Fernandes Neto
- PhD student of the Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, State University of Paraiba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Bodocongó, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Thamyres-Maria-Silva Simões
- PhD student of the Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, State University of Paraiba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Bodocongó, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Maria-das Graças-Barbosa da Silva
- PhD student of the Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, State University of Paraiba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Bodocongó, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Daiane-Domingos de Barros
- Dentistry Undergraduates from the State University of Paraiba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Bodocongó, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-500, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago-Almeida de Oliveira
- Teacher of the Department of Statistics, State University of Paraiba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Bodocongó, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-500, Brazil
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Colorimetric evaluation after in-office tooth bleaching with violet LED: 6- and 12-month follow-ups of a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:837-847. [PMID: 34269885 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the long-term outcomes of in-office bleaching with violet LED light (LED) alone or combined with carbamide (CP) or hydrogen (HP) peroxides. METHODS Volunteers of a previous short-term study were recalled for 6- and 12-month follow-ups, according to the following interventions (n = 18/group): LED, CP, LED/CP, HP, and LED/HP. The objective color (ΔEab, ΔE00) and whiteness index (ΔWID) changes were calculated applying the CIELab coordinates' values obtained using a spectrophotometer. A visual shade guide determined the tooth's subjective color change (ΔSGU). Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA or Welch's ANOVA, following appropriate post hoc tests (α = 5%). RESULTS The LED and CP groups exhibited the lowest ΔEab, ΔE00, and ΔSGU (p < 0.05), but the LED group displayed a significantly lower ΔWID. After 12 months, the LED/CP group presented a higher ΔEab and ΔE00 than the CP group (p < 0.05). ΔEab, ΔE00, ΔSGU, or ΔWID means did not differ statistically between the LED/CP and HP groups. The LED/HP group presented a higher ΔE00 than the HP group, regardless of the time. CONCLUSIONS The bleaching efficacy of LED alone was significantly lower compared to the LED/CP and HP-containing protocols. After 12 months, the LED/CP and HP groups did not differ in bleaching efficacy. LED irradiation only increased the objective color change of bleaching gels. CLINICAL RELEVANCE LED alone promoted a long-term perceptible bleaching, but not compatible with that of high-concentrated HP. The bleaching outcomes of violet irradiation to 37% CP were maintained over time, with LED/CP demonstrating comparable results to HP even after 12 months. NATIONAL CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY (REBEC) RBR-5t6bd9.
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Clinical evaluation of in-office tooth whitening with violet LED (405 nm): A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102385. [PMID: 34116249 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is little evidence showing the effectiveness of violet LED on in-office tooth whitening, there are some studies which have reported satisfactory results. This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effect of a violet light emission diode (LED) (405 nm) system, used in-office, on tooth whitening, sensitivity, use of medication after whitening and quality of life. METHODS Eight patients were randomized into 4 groups (n = 20): G1 - violet LED, G2 - 35% carbamide peroxide (CP) and violet LED, G3 only CP 35% and G4 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP). The color was measured using a spectrophotometer at the following times: baseline, 15 and 180days. The colorimetric changes were analyzed using measurements from the CieLab System ΔE (ΔL, Δa and Δb) and the WID (Whiteness Index for Dentistry) for the 4 groups. Tooth sensitivity was recorded via a visual analog scale (VAS). Additionally, the Psychosocial Impact of Dental. Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) was used to evaluate quality of life. RESULTS For the analysis of ΔL, G4 and G2 presented more brightness than G1 and G3 (p<0.05), implying that G2 is at least as good as G4 (p>0.05). For measure of Δa, G4 presented better results, standing out from the other groups. (p<0.05). For Δb, both G4 and G2 showed a greater tendency for blue color than groups G1 and G3 (p <0.05). When analyzing ∆E at the 180-day follow up, G4 produced the highest ∆E, while G3 showed the lowest ∆E. The other 2 whitening groups produced intermediate ∆E values. For ∆W, G1 and G3 significantly differed from G2 and G3. When analyzing the 180-day follow up, G2 produced the highest ∆W, while G3 showed the lowest ∆W. The other two whitening treatments produced intermediate ∆W values. As for sensitivity, only G4 patients showed dental sensitivity within 24 h of the bleaching, with pain ceasing after 48 h. For G4, 33% of the patients needed to take analgesics within the first 24 h after the first 3 whitening sessions. For PIDAQ, there was no overall decrease in score over time for any of the groups and there was no difference between them (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Our results showed that violet LED was not able to whiten teeth at the same intensity, when used alone, as it was when associated with 35% CP, contrary to our initial hypothesis. However, given that pain was not consistently reported in G2, one could suggest that treatment with LED + 35% CP is quite similar to that of 35% HP when used for tooth whitening, but with better pain outcomes. All treatments suggested an improvement in quality of life.Clinical Trial Registry: This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov; the registration number is NCT03192852 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03192852.
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Simões TMS, Melo KCB, Fernandes-Neto JDA, Batista ALA, da Silva MDGB, Ferreira ACD, de Sousa JA, Catão MHCDV. Use of high- and low-intensity lasers in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity: A literature review. J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e412-e417. [PMID: 33841742 PMCID: PMC8020317 DOI: 10.4317/jced.57783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is defined as an exaggerated sensitivity of vital dentin exposed to thermal, chemical and tactile stimuli. This study aimed to evaluate, through a literature review, the applicability of high- and low-intensity lasers in the treatment of DH for the past 10 years, as well as its therapeutic potential.
Material and Methods The electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed and LILACS were searched using the descriptors (“Dentin Sensitivity” OR “Dentin Hypersensitivity”) AND (“Low-Level Therapy” OR Laser), for articles published between 2010 and 2020. Only randomized clinical trials with full-text and full case resolution were included.
Results We found 187 articles in total, among which 61 were pre-selected and 10 included in this literature review.
Conclusions Considering the found results and their possible limitations, high- and low-intensity lasers, associated or not with other therapies, have demonstrated beneficial effects in the treatment of DH, being considered a promising, safe, easy, and effective field of research, reducing pain sensitivity and preserving pulp vitality. Key words:Dentin sensitivity, dentistry, laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamyres-Maria-Silva Simões
- PhD student, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana-Luzia-Araújo Batista
- PhD student, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
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Sobral MFP, Cassoni A, Tenis CA, Steagall W, Brugnera Junior A, Bagnato VS, Botta SB. Longitudinal, Randomized, and Parallel Clinical Trial Comparing a Violet Light-Emitting Diodes System and In-Office Dental Bleaching: 6-Month Follow-Up. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2021; 39:403-410. [PMID: 33567218 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This in vivo study compared two bleaching techniques with regard to the degree of tooth sensitivity (TS), color change, and treatment stability for a 6-month follow-up period. Materials and methods: Sixty volunteers were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and submitted to in-office bleaching. For group 1, we performed one bleaching session with a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel and a second bleaching session after 7 days; for group 2, we performed two bleaching sessions with two applications per session, each session with a 7-day interval, using a light-emitting diodes (LEDs) device emitting violet light (405-410 nm) without employing peroxide-containing bleaching gel. TS was recorded immediately before and immediately after each bleaching session using the Variance Analogic Scale. The color of upper central incisors and upper canines at baseline was recorded immediately after each bleaching session, after 15, 30, and 180 days, with a value-oriented shade guide used by two well-trained observers. Results: The two whitening protocols results were similar regarding the immediate effectiveness and 6-month stability of tooth whitening. Dental bleaching with violet LED did not promote postoperative pain sensitivity at any of the evaluated times. However, dental bleaching performed with 35% hydrogen peroxide promoted higher postoperative pain sensitivity. Conclusions: The violet light alone provided dental bleaching and had the clinical advantage of promoting less immediate postoperative sensitivity; however, an unwanted repigmentation occurred after dental bleaching with light alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aldo Brugnera Junior
- Department of Basic Optics and Applied Life Sciences FSC-USP, National Institute of Science and Technology INCT, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- Departamento de Física e Ciência dos Materiais, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brasil
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A New Combined Protocol to Treat the Dentin Hypersensitivity Associated with Non-Carious Cervical Lesions: A Randomized Controlled Trial. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app11010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this research is to assess the desensitizing effect of a diode laser on non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) responsible for dentin hypersensitivity (DH) in two separate output forces implemented both independently and in sequential combination modalities. A randomized controlled trial for this study was applied. Sixty-nine NCCLs responsible for DH pain with severity between 6 and 9 on the VAS scale were considered. Three study groups were developed using just one lesion from three different quadrants of the oral cavity of each patient. All treatment procedures were conducted using a laser diode (810 nm, 5 W) with varying power outputs used separately or in combination. The pain by DH was evaluated at baseline, at treatment completion, and at 15 days and 3 months after each laser procedure. Data analysis was performed using a Wilcoxon test for paired samples, a one-way ANOVA test, and an unpaired t-test. The significant reduction of the mean VAS score was estimated in each study group immediately and at 15 days and 3 months after the end of treatment and compared with the baseline mean VAS score (p-value < 0.0001). The best result concerning the improvement of DH symptomatology was assessed when a combined protocol of two different output powers of the diode laser was used. The authors conclude that the diode laser (810 nm) therapy procedure combining two separate output forces (low and high power) can improve the painful symptoms of DH from NCCLs.
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Fernandes BM, Tanaka MH, De Oliveira ALBM, Scatolin RS. Color stability of dental enamel bleached with violet LED associated with or without Low concentration peroxide gels. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102101. [PMID: 33212268 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro color of dental enamel bleached with the violet LED, associated with or without low-concentration of peroxide; analyzed in two time intervals: 24 h later and 6 months after the treatment. METHODS Ninety fragments of bovine teeth (6 × 6 mm and 3 mm thick) were randomly divided into 6 groups according to bleaching treatment: NB - no bleaching, VL - Violet LED, HP- 7.5 % hydrogen peroxide, HP + VL - 7.5 % hydrogen peroxide + violet LED, CP - 22 % carbamide peroxide, CP + VL - 22 % carbamide peroxide + violet LED. The color change was analyzed by using a spectrophotometer, at time intervals of 24 h and 6 months after performing the bleaching techniques (n = 12). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to verify the enamel surface morphology after treatment (n = 3). RESULTS The color change data were analyzed using ANOVA and a post-hoc Tukey tests (α = 0.05). The VL group showed chromatic changes after 24 h of treatment, however the groups submitted to bleaching gel treatments associated with or without violet LED (CP + VL, CP, HP, HP + VL) showed the highest color change values at all time intervals analyzed, with color stability after 6 months of treatment for the CP + VL group. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed the greatest change in enamel surface for Groups CP and HP. CONCLUSIONS It could be concluded that violet LED had immediate bleaching effect without promoting significant changes in enamel morphology, however the association with carbamide peroxide 22 % showed color stability and greater bleaching efficacy than the use of violet LED alone, after 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcia Hiromi Tanaka
- Department of Post-graduation in Implantology, University of Santo Amaro, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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