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Tanaka K, Hayakawa M, Noda C, Nakamura A, Akiyama C. Effects of artificial intelligence aibo intervention on alleviating distress and fear in children. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:87. [PMID: 36424648 PMCID: PMC9685979 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Procedures and actions such as injections and immobilization cause distress to children. In the pediatric field, there is a need for interventions and support to alleviate the pain and distress caused by such medical procedures. In recent years, the introduction of robots as a means of distraction has begun to be attempted. METHODS In this study, we conducted a non-randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of intervention using 'aibo', a dog-like robot which has artificial intelligence (AI), to promote distraction in children after vaccination. Children between the ages of 3 and 12 years old eligible for the Japanese encephalitis vaccine, and their caregivers were assigned to intervention group or control group. Then, children evaluated their pain and children's behavior were observed by observer. The mean values of Faces pain rating scale scores and observer pain scale scores were compared between groups using an unpaired t-test. RESULTS Fifty-seven children (32 in the intervention group) participated in the study. Results of a t-test with the control group showed that the intervention group using aibo had significantly less pain following the post-vaccination intervention than the control group using stuffed dog (Face Scale, t(55) = 2.582, p = .0125; Behavioral Observation Scale, t(55) = 2.772, p = .00759). The results support the hypothesis that the aibo intervention group will be less distressed and able to calm down more quickly after vaccination than the control group. CONCLUSION Interactive communicative play intervention by an artificially intelligent aibo before and after painful and frightening medical procedures may alleviate fear and anxiety and prevent medical trauma in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Tanaka
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Division of Adolescent Mental Health, Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya- Ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Maoko Hayakawa
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Ochanomizu University Human Developmental Sciences, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Noda
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Nakamura
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chieko Akiyama
- Clinic for Children, Akiyama Kodomo Clinic, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
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Ali S, Manaloor R, Ma K, Sivakumar M, Beran T, Scott SD, Vandermeer B, Beirnes N, Graham TAD, Curtis S, Jou H, Hartling L. A randomized trial of robot-based distraction to reduce children's distress and pain during intravenous insertion in the emergency department. CAN J EMERG MED 2021; 23:85-93. [PMID: 33683608 DOI: 10.1007/s43678-020-00023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of humanoid robot-based distraction on reducing distress and pain in children undergoing intravenous insertion. METHODS A two-arm, open-label randomized controlled trial was conducted April 2017-May 2018, in a pediatric emergency department (ED). A sample of 86 children aged 6-11 years who required intravenous insertion were recruited. Exclusion criteria included hearing/visual impairments, neurocognitive delay, sensory impairment to pain, previous enrollment, and ED clinical staff discretion. Outcome measures included the Observed Scale of Behavioral Distress-Revised (OSBD-R) (distress) and the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) (pain). RESULTS Of the 86 children recruited (median age 9 years, IQR 7,10); 55% (47/86) were male, 9% (7/82) were premature, 82% (67/82) had a previous ED visit, 31% (25/82) had a previous hospitalization and 78% (64/82) had previous intravenous insertion. Ninety-six percent (78/81) received topical anesthetic prior to intravenous insertion. Total OSBD-R distress score was 1.49 ± 2.36 (standard care) versus 0.78 ± 1.32 (robot) (p < 0.05). FPS-R pain score was 4 (IQR 2,6) (standard care) versus 2 (IQR 0,4) (robot) (p = 0.13). Parental anxiety immediately after the procedure was 36.7 (11.1) (standard care) versus 31.3 (8.5) (robot) (p = 0.04). Parents were more satisfied with pain management in the robotic distraction group (95% vs 72% very satisfied) (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Humanoid robot-based distraction therapy is associated with a modest positive impact on child distress for pediatric intravenous insertion, but not pain. It can be considered a potential tool in the ED toolkit for procedural pain-associated distress reduction. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02997631.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 3-583 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada. .,Women and Children's Health Research Institute (WCHRI), Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Robin Manaloor
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Keon Ma
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mithra Sivakumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 3-583 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Tanya Beran
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shannon D Scott
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ben Vandermeer
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 3-583 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Natasha Beirnes
- Child Life Department, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Timothy A D Graham
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sarah Curtis
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 3-583 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute (WCHRI), Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hsing Jou
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 3-583 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Lisa Hartling
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 3-583 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute (WCHRI), Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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