Clusters of Double Triggering Impact Clinical Outcomes: Insights From the EPIdemiology of Patient-Ventilator aSYNChrony (EPISYNC) Cohort Study.
Crit Care Med 2021;
49:1460-1469. [PMID:
33883458 DOI:
10.1097/ccm.0000000000005029]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
To measure the impact of clusters of double triggering on clinical outcomes.
DESIGN
Prospective cohort study.
SETTING
Respiratory ICU in Brazil.
PATIENTS
Adult patients under recent mechanical ventilation and with expectation of mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours after enrollment.
INTERVENTIONS
None.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
We used a dedicated software to analyze ventilator waveforms throughout the entire period of mechanical ventilation and detect double triggering. We defined a cluster of double triggering as a period of time containing at least six double triggering events in a 3-minute period. Patients were followed until hospital discharge. We addressed the association between the presence and the duration of clusters with clinical outcomes. A total of 103 patients were enrolled in the study and 90 (87%) had at least one cluster of double triggering. The median number of clusters per patient was 19 (interquartile range, 6-41), with a median duration of 8 minutes (6-12 min). Compared with patients who had no clusters, patients with at least one cluster had longer duration of mechanical ventilation (7 d [4-11 d] vs 2 d [2-3 d]) and ICU length of stay (9 d [7-16 d] vs 13 d [2-8 d]). Thirty-three patients had high cumulative duration of clusters of double triggering (≥ 12 hr), and it was associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation, fewer ventilator-free days, and longer ICU length of stay. Adjusted by duration of mechanical ventilation and severity of illness, high cumulative duration of clusters was associated with shorter survival at 28 days (hazard ratio, 2.09 d; 95% CI, 1.04-4.19 d).
CONCLUSIONS
Clusters of double triggering are common and were associated with worse clinical outcomes. Patients who had a high cumulative duration of clusters had fewer ventilator-free days, longer duration of mechanical ventilation, longer ICU length of stay, and shorter survival than patients with low cumulative duration of cluster.
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