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Franklin P, Arber A, Ream E. Priorities for enhancing nurses' and social workers' competence and confidence in helping families support dependent children through parental death. A classic-Delphi survey. BMC Palliat Care 2024; 23:122. [PMID: 38760809 PMCID: PMC11102151 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-024-01452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annually, approximately five per cent of dependent children - aged under eighteen years - in the United Kingdom (UK), experience parental death. Nurses and social workers caring for parents with life-limiting illnesses, including cancer, help families support their children. However, these professionals have been found to lack confidence and competence in fulfilling this role. METHODS We conducted three rounds of a classic-Delphi survey to identify and measure a panel of topic experts' consensus on the priorities and issues for nurses and social workers when supporting families and children through parental death. The Delphi survey was conducted with a panel of UK topic experts (n=43) including lead health and social care professionals (n=30), parents bereaved of a partner whilst parenting dependent children (n=6), academics (n=4) and bereaved young adults (n=3). RESULTS Ninety per cent (n=18/20) of the issues for nurses and social workers and all (7/7) of the priorities rated and ordered in the survey achieved consensus. Key priorities were 1) training in opening conversations with families about dependent children, 2) training and support for nurses and social workers to manage their own and others' emotions arising from conversations with parents about children's needs regarding parental death, and 3) increasing nurses' and social workers' knowledge of sources of information to support families before the death of a parent. CONCLUSION We identified priorities for UK nurses and social workers. Further research is needed to identify which of these nurses and social workers would benefit most from support, and how any resultant interventions could enhance confidence and competence in helping families to support children through parental death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Franklin
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Kate Granger Building, 30 Priestley Road, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, Surrey, England, GU2 7YH, UK.
- Department of Pastoral and Spiritual Care, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon, England, EX2 5DW, UK.
| | - Anne Arber
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Kate Granger Building, 30 Priestley Road, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, Surrey, England, GU2 7YH, UK
| | - Emma Ream
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Kate Granger Building, 30 Priestley Road, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, Surrey, England, GU2 7YH, UK
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Johannsen L, Frerichs W, Inhestern L, Bergelt C. Exploring the perspectives of cancer patients parenting minor children: A qualitative study on family-centered cancer care experiences. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2023; 117:107989. [PMID: 37812964 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parents with cancer experience not only disease-related burden but also child- and family-related concerns. According to the German guidelines, all professionals working in oncology are responsible for addressing these burdens and needs and for involving the patient's relatives. This study aims to explore patients' perspectives on their experiences regarding family-centeredness in cancer care. METHODS We conducted interviews with 18 cancer patients parenting at least one minor child (< 18). The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS Most parents reported that their healthcare professionals (HCPs) rarely or not routinely discussed family issues. There was a wide range of ways in which HCPs communicated about family issues. Parents often felt unsure about professionals' responsibilities and many of them expressed a desire for more proactive communication. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the majority of patients have unmet needs related to comprehensive care as parents. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS HCPs need to be sensitized to identify parents facing additional burdens and needs. It is essential that HCPs clarify parents' preferences regarding the extent of involvement of family issues in cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Johannsen
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Frerichs
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Laura Inhestern
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Corinna Bergelt
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Department of Medical Psychology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
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Romare Strandh M, Hovén E, Sörensdotter R, Stålberg K, Enebrink P, Ljungman L, Wikman A. Psychosocial interventions targeting parenting distress among parents with cancer - A systematic review and narrative synthesis of available interventions. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 191:104119. [PMID: 37683815 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balancing having cancer and parenting a major stressor, and may result in parenting distress, negatively affecting the whole family. To provide adequate support, knowledge of existing psychosocial interventions are crucial to guide future interventions. This study aimed to describe available psychosocial interventions for parents with cancer and dependent children (<18 years). METHOD We conducted a systematic review, and four databases were searched from January 2000 to March 2023. RESULTS Thirty studies were included, reporting on 22 psychosocial interventions for parents with cancer. They aimed to improve different aspects of parenting distress, and included psychoeducation and communication strategies. Interventions were beneficial to and acceptable among parents, but only a few had been evaluated. The study quality was, overall, assessed as moderate. CONCLUSIONS The results of this review highlight the diversity of available psychosocial interventions for parents with cancer and the outcomes on parenting distress, as well as methodological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Romare Strandh
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Women's Mental Health during the Reproductive Lifespan (WOMHER), Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Emma Hovén
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Renita Sörensdotter
- Centre for Gender Research, Uppsala University, Engelska parken, Humanistiskt centrum, Thunbergsvägen 3G, Box 527, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Stålberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pia Enebrink
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A 5th floor, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Ljungman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Wikman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Women's Mental Health during the Reproductive Lifespan (WOMHER), Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Plont M, Mejdahl CT, Haar TR, Skovlund P. Supporting Families with Breast Cancer: Insights from the Danish Nurse-Led Program "The Children's Tour" for Families with Parental Cancer. Semin Oncol Nurs 2023; 39:151482. [PMID: 37537028 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2023.151482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study explores how a Danish nurse-led program designed to provide support to families where mothers are affected by breast cancer is experienced by the women attending the program and the nurses organizing it. Their experiences provide insights into the program's impact and potential areas of improvement and inform future interventions targeting the well-being of this specific population. DATA SOURCES The study involved data collected through qualitative research. An observational study of the intervention was conducted to inform the development of an interview guide for semistructured individual interviews and a focus group interview. Five women with breast cancer and children aged 5 to 16 years were interviewed, and four nurses involved in the nurse-led program took part in the focus group interview. Data were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed. CONCLUSION Families participating in the nurse-led program reported it helpful in many ways. Three themes emerged from the analysis of the interviews: 1) "How to talk about parental cancer with school-aged children," 2) "Setting up the room," and 3) "Exchanging imagination for reality." Getting familiar with the treatment room and nurses, playing with hospital gear (syringes, bandages, and the treatment chair), and watching a movie together indicate that the visit to the ward is important and cannot be entirely replaced by digital solutions. With the need for support and limited resources at the hospital, it is pivotal to identify the families most in need. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Women with breast cancer parenting adolescent children need family-based care based at the hospital. Further research is needed to refine the program to cover the concerns of the whole family, including fathers and grandparents, and to apply the program to other families with parental cancer of other types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcell Plont
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | | | - Tina Rotbøl Haar
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Pernille Skovlund
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Skrabal Ross X, McDonald FEJ, Konings S, Schiena E, Phipps-Nelson J, Hodgson F, Patterson P. Cancer patients as parents: implementation of a cross sector service for families with adolescent and young adult children. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:472. [PMID: 37165404 PMCID: PMC10173515 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients who are parents show concerns about their ability to parent following diagnosis, and their adolescent and young adult (AYA) children have a need for improved cancer communication within the family. However, psychosocial support for families affected by parental cancer is not routinely available. This study explores the implementation of the Parent Support Worker (PSW) role, as part of a new cross sector model of care to support parent patients, their partners, and AYA children. METHODS Two PSWs, social workers and healthcare staff (n = 26) from three hospitals participated in audio-recorded, semi-structured interviews about implementation of the PSW role. Template Analysis and Normalization Process Theory were used to analyze the interviews. Data on PSW service activity and referrals of AYA to support from a community organization were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Eleven themes categorized into enablers and barriers of implementation were identified. Regarding acceptability of the role, three enablers (social workers' understanding of the PSW role increasing, easy and prompt access of staff and parent patients to PSWs, satisfaction with the PSW role) and one barrier (communication related confusion and frustration about the PSW role) were identified. Additionally, three enablers (the PSW role fills gaps in parenting-focused support and continuity of care, the PSW role alleviates social workers' workload, negotiation helped to define responsibilities) and one barrier (fear of social work roles to be overtaken by PSWs) for appropriateness of the role were found. Finally, two enablers of feasibility of the role (PSWs and social workers co-managing the work, higher confidence from hospital staff to talk about children in the family) and one barrier (lack of systematic identification and referral processes) were identified. Across hospitals, the number of referrals of AYA children to the community organization increased between 2.7 and 12 times nine months post-introduction of the service. CONCLUSIONS Established in response to identified gaps in oncology care for parents with cancer, their partners and AYA children, a novel cross-sector model of care was acceptable, appropriate, and feasible. Barriers and enablers to implementation identified in this study need to be considered when designing and implementing similar services.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Skrabal Ross
- Policy and Patient Department, Canteen Australia, GPO Box 3821, Sydney, NSW, 2001, Australia.
| | - F E J McDonald
- Policy and Patient Department, Canteen Australia, GPO Box 3821, Sydney, NSW, 2001, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Konings
- Psycho-Oncology Department, Clinique Saint-Jean, Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Schiena
- Department of Allied Health, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Phipps-Nelson
- Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Office of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - F Hodgson
- John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - P Patterson
- Policy and Patient Department, Canteen Australia, GPO Box 3821, Sydney, NSW, 2001, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Child- and family-specific communication skills trainings for healthcare professionals caring for families with parental cancer: A systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277225. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
As part of high-quality cancer care, healthcare professionals (HCPs) play a significant role in identifying and addressing specific needs of cancer patients parenting minor children. However, HCPs experience various barriers to adequately support parents with cancer. This systematic review explores current CSTs incorporating child- and family- specific modules for HCPs in oncology. Moreover, outcome measures and effectiveness of trainings are systematically investigated.
Methods
The systematic review was registered within PROSPERO (registration code: CRD42020139783). Systematic searches were performed in four databases (PubMed, Cinahl, PsycInfo, Web of Science) in 12/2020, including an update in 12/2021 and 08/2022. Quantitative, primary studies fulfilling the pre-defined inclusion criteria were included. Due to the expected heterogeneity a meta-analysis was not conducted. Study selection and quality assessment were conducted by two independent researchers, data extraction by one. Study quality was assessed using an adapted version of the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for pre-post studies without control group.
Results
Nine studies were included in this review following an experimental pre-post design only. Two CSTs were specifically designed to improve communication with cancer patients parenting minor children, the remaining seven incorporated a brief family module only. Seven programs were face-to-face trainings, one an e-learning and one a webinar. Eight studies found at least one statistically significant improvement in communication after training. However, quality of most studies was fair.
Conclusion
This is the first review exploring specific CSTs for HCPs caring for cancer patients parenting minor children. As only two CSTs focused on parental cancer, evidence on the effectiveness of such CSTs is limited. Existing CSTs should be evaluated properly and include details on content of family modules. Further studies including and evaluating specific CSTs focusing on parental cancer are needed in order to strengthen HCPs’ competencies to meet specific needs of patients parenting minor children.
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Johannsen LM, Brandt M, Frerichs W, Inhestern L, Bergelt C. The Impact of Cancer on the Mental Health of Patients Parenting Minor Children: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Evidence. Psychooncology 2022; 31:869-878. [PMID: 35218110 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of quantitative data on the impact of cancer on the mental health of patients parenting minor children. We focused on mental health outcomes, their levels and prevalence and applied measurement tools. METHODS MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Web of Science were searched up to March 2021. We included quantitative studies, published in a peer-reviewed journal and reporting outcomes on the mental health (e.g., depression, anxiety) of cancer patients parenting minor children (≤ 21 years). Study quality was assessed based on the NIH assessment tool for observational studies. This study is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019141954). RESULTS A total of 54 articles based on 36 different studies were included in this systematic review. Studies differ markedly regarding study and sample characteristics (e.g., outcome measures, sample size, parental health status). Depression and anxiety levels range from normal to abnormal, according to applied measurement tools. 7%-83% of parents with cancer have depression scores indicating probable depression and 19%-88% have anxiety scores indicating anxiety disorder. CONCLUSIONS This review reveals the dimension of mental burden affecting cancer patients parenting minor children. To identify, address and timely treat potentially arising mental health problems and support needs, affected parents should be closely monitored by healthcare professionals and referred to specialized support offers, if necessary. In the context of a comprehensive patient- and family-oriented care, it is highly relevant to integrate mental health (including parental) issues routinely into oncological care by proactively asking for the patient's psychosocial situation and the family status. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Marie Johannsen
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Maja Brandt
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Wiebke Frerichs
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Laura Inhestern
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Corinna Bergelt
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Department of Medical Psychology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
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An exploration of the perceptions, experience and practice of cancer clinicians in caring for patients with cancer who are also parents of dependent-age children. Support Care Cancer 2021; 29:3895-3902. [PMID: 33386989 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being a parent alongside a cancer diagnosis presents unique challenges. It is unclear to what degree parenting considerations feature in routine care and how doctors approach treatment decision discussions. OBJECTIVE To explore doctor perspectives regarding patients with cancer who have dependent children. METHODOLOGY Focus groups and interviews conducted to ascertain doctor views. Responses were audio-recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. RESULTS Twenty-eight doctors participated: medical oncology (7), haematology (10), palliative care (8), and psycho-oncology (3). Participants observed cancer impacted upon parenting across several domains: psycho-social, practical, and family implications. Having dependent children was perceived to influence the patient experience and decision-making by patients and clinicians. Participants identified this cohort as emotionally demanding to care for with a range of psychological effects identified for doctors, particularly in highly challenging circumstances (single-parent and non-English speaking families, scenarios involving communication difficulties). CONCLUSION Participants recognised the presence of dependent children to profoundly influence the experience of being both a parent and a patient with cancer. Identifying patients with parental responsibilities was noted as relevant for management at diagnosis through to death. Greater understanding of doctors' experiences providing care for this cohort may inform the development of resources to assist doctors and their patients.
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Inhestern L, Johannsen LM, Bergelt C. Families Affected by Parental Cancer: Quality of Life, Impact on Children and Psychosocial Care Needs. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:765327. [PMID: 34858234 PMCID: PMC8631390 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.765327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental cancer poses major challenges for families with minor children. Due to diagnosis and treatment family life is disrupted. To prevent long-term consequences in all family members and to design needs-oriented family-centered interventions, further understanding of the family's situation including the impact on the children, quality of life levels and the parental psychosocial needs is necessary. This study aims at investigating the impact of parental cancer on the minor children, family-specific psychosocial needs and quality of life levels of parents and children. Cancer patients parenting at least 1 minor child (<18 years) were eligible for study participation. In total, n=86 cancer patients under treatment participated in the study. After excluding participants without a minor child, 78 patients remained for analyses. We assessed children's quality of life using the parent proxy version of the KIDSCREEN-10 and parental quality of life using the EORTC QLQ C30 quality of life questionnaire. Additionally, the questionnaire comprised open questions about positive and negative changes parents perceived in their children as well as questions on specific family- and child-related psychosocial needs. The majority of participants were mothers (91%), mainly diagnosed with breast cancer (59%). The participating parents provided data on 117 minor children. Parents mentioned positive changes in 38% of the children (e.g., being more attentive and helpful). Negative changes were reported in 37% of the children (e.g., being more anxious and clingy). Parents reported family-specific psychosocial supportive care needs for themselves as a parent (e.g., support regarding parenting concerns), support needs for the partner or the children. Moreover, parents expressed family-related information needs and needs regarding practical aspects (e.g., childcare, household help). Global quality of life was M = 55.7 (SD = 23.4) for parents and M = 57.5 (SD = 15.5) for children. Pearson's correlation coefficient between parental and children's quality of life was 0.377 (p < 0.001). To identify parents with cancer and children in need for additional support, health care providers should proactively inquire about the impact of the disease on the children. In terms of a comprehensive cancer care, the direct assessment of family impact and family-specific support needs in cancer patients with minor children allows for needs-based allocation to support offers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Inhestern
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lene Marie Johannsen
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Bergelt
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Medical Psychology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Johannsen LM, Frerichs W, Inhestern L, Bergelt C. Assessing competencies of healthcare professionals caring for parents with cancer: The development of an innovative assessment tool. Psychooncology 2020; 29:1670-1677. [PMID: 32779287 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper describes the development of an assessment tool capturing competencies of healthcare professionals (HCPs) in caring for cancer patients with minor children. METHODS We combined the methods of clinical case vignettes and situational judgement tests (SJTs). Scenarios were created based on literature and interviews with patients, HCPs, and experts. We pretested the instrument by conducting cognitive interviews with n = 6 HCPs, who gave feedback on realism, clarity, and difficulty of the scenarios. RESULTS The developed assessment tool measures the following competencies: HCPs' (1) application of knowledge, (2) behavioural responses to clinical scenarios, (3) attitudes regarding the relevance of integrating the parental role in cancer care, and (4) empathic behaviour towards affected parents. Results of the cognitive interviews indicate that the scenarios are perceived as realistic and clear. CONCLUSIONS We provide an innovative approach by methodologically combining clinical case vignettes and SJTs. Next, the assessment tool will be applied in the context of a pilot evaluation of a newly developed training for HCPs that aims at enhancing their competencies in caring for cancer patients with minor children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene M Johannsen
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Frerichs
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Inhestern
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Bergelt
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany
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