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Woods AJ, Norman J, Ryan ST, Wardle K, Probst YC, Crowe RK, Patel L, Hammersley ML, Furber S, Stanley RM, Taylor L, Okely AD. Children's physical activity and sedentary behaviour in before school care: An observational study. Prev Med 2024; 178:107810. [PMID: 38072314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Australia, less than one quarter of children aged 5-12 years meet national physical activity (PA) guidelines. Before school care operates as part of Out of School Hours Care (OSHC) services and provide opportunities for children to meet their daily PA recommendations. The aim of this study was to explore factors associated with children meeting 15 min of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) while attending before school care. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 25 services in New South Wales, Australia. Each service was visited twice between March and June 2021. Staff behaviours and PA type and context were captured using staff interviews and the validated System for Observing Staff Promotion of Physical Activity and Nutrition (SOSPAN) time sampling tool. Child PA data were collected using Actigraph accelerometers and associations between program practices and child MVPA analysed. RESULTS PA data were analysed for 654 children who spent an average of 39.2% (±17.6) of their time sedentary; 45.4% (±11.4) in light PA; and 14.9% (±11.7) in MVPA. Only 17% of children (n = 112) reached ≥15 min MVPA, with boys more likely to achieve this. Children were more likely to meet this recommendation in services where staff promoted and engaged in PA; PA equipment was available; children were observed in child-led free play; and a written PA policy existed. CONCLUSIONS Before school care should be supported to improve physical activity promotion practices by offering staff professional development and guidance on PA policy development and implementation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Woods
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Early Start, Faculty of the Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jennifer Norman
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Health Promotion Service, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Warrawong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sarah T Ryan
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Early Start, Faculty of the Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Karen Wardle
- Health Promotion Service, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
| | - Yasmine C Probst
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ruth K Crowe
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Early Start, Faculty of the Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Linda Patel
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Early Start, Faculty of the Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Megan L Hammersley
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Early Start, Faculty of the Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Susan Furber
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Health Promotion Service, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Warrawong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rebecca M Stanley
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Early Start, Faculty of the Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Lauren Taylor
- Health Promotion Service, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anthony D Okely
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Early Start, Faculty of the Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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Larrinaga-Undabarrena A, Río X, Sáez I, Angulo-Garay G, Aguirre-Betolaza AM, Albisua N, Martínez de Lahidalga Aguirre G, Sánchez Isla JR, García N, Urbano M, Guerra-Balic M, Fernández JR, Coca A. Physical Activity Levels and Sleep in Schoolchildren (6-17) with and without School Sport. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1263. [PMID: 36674025 PMCID: PMC9859001 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is strong evidence to support the association between daily physical activity and sleep parameters in children and adolescents. Physical activity and outdoor play are favourably associated with most sleep outcomes in school children. The aim is to find out the levels of physical activity and the quality of sleep in Basque schoolchildren aged between six and seventeen and to analyse the possible differences between those who carry out some kind of physical sports activity and those who do not. The sample consisted of 1082 schoolchildren (50.1% male and 49.9% female). Differences between groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test (2 samples) and Kruskal-Wallis one-factor ANOVA (k samples). A total of 723 (66.94%) of the participants said they practiced some physical sports activity. The accelerometers obtained significant differences in all levels of physical activity, as well as in sleep efficiency, with higher levels of physical activity (sedentary p = 0.001; light p = 0.017; moderate p = 0.009; vigorous p = 0.001 and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity p = 0.002) and better sleep efficiency (p = 0.002) in those schoolchildren who perform some type of physical sports activity. A significant difference in time spent in sedentary activities was also observed between primary and secondary school pupils of both sexes and regardless of the degree of physical sports activity completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkaitz Larrinaga-Undabarrena
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, Osasuna Mugimendua Kontrola S.L. Mugikon, 48450 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Xabier Río
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, Osasuna Mugimendua Kontrola S.L. Mugikon, 48450 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iker Sáez
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Garazi Angulo-Garay
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aitor Martinez Aguirre-Betolaza
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Neritzel Albisua
- Faculty of Humanities and Education Science, Mondragon University, 20500 Arrasate, Spain
- Athlon Cooperative Society, 20500 Arrasate, Spain
| | | | | | - Natalia García
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mikel Urbano
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, Osasuna Mugimendua Kontrola S.L. Mugikon, 48450 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Myriam Guerra-Balic
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences—Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Fernández
- Public College of Sports Teachings, Kirolene, Basque Government, 48200 Durango, Spain
| | - Aitor Coca
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Euneiz University, 01013 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Crowe RK, Probst YC, Norman JA, Furber SE, Stanley RM, Ryan ST, Vuong C, Hammersley ML, Wardle K, Franco L, Beets MW, Weaver RG, Davis M, Innes-Hughes C, Okely AD. Foods and beverages provided in out of school hours care services: an observational study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:277. [PMID: 35144567 PMCID: PMC8832650 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Out of school hours care (OSHC) is a fast-growing childcare setting in Australia, however the types of foods and beverages offered are relatively unknown. This study describes the food and beverages offered and investigates sector-level and setting-level factors which may impact OSHC in meeting the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG). Methods This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in 89 OSHC services (between 2018 and 2019). Food and beverages offered, kitchen facilities and menus were captured via direct observation. Foods were categorised into five food groups or discretionary foods, based on the ADG, and frequencies determined. Short interviews with OSHC directors ascertained healthy eating policies, staff training, food quality assessment methods and food budgets. Fisher’s exact test explored the influence of sector-level and setting-level factors on food provision behaviours. Results Discretionary foods (1.5 ± 0.68) were offered more frequently than vegetables (0.82 ± 0.80) (p < .001), dairy (0.97 ± 0.81) (p = .013) and lean meats (0.22 ± 0.54) (p < .001). OSHC associated with long day care and reported using valid food quality assessment methods offered more lean meats (p= .002, and p= .004). Larger organisations offered more vegetables (p = .015) and discretionary foods (p= .007). Menus with clearly worded instructions to provide fruits and vegetables daily offered more fruit (p= .009), vegetables (p < .001) and whole grains (p= .003). No other sector or setting-level factors were associated with services aligning with the ADG. Conclusion Future interventions could benefit from trialling menu planning training and tools to assist OSHC services in NSW meet the ADG requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth K Crowe
- School of Medicine, Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. .,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Yasmine C Probst
- School of Medicine, Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Norman
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Health Promotion Service, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Warrawong, NSW, Australia.,Early Start, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan E Furber
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Health Promotion Service, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Warrawong, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca M Stanley
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Early Start, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah T Ryan
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Cecilia Vuong
- Health Promotion Service, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Megan L Hammersley
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Early Start, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen Wardle
- Health Promotion Service, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Franco
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Health Promotion Service, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Warrawong, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael W Beets
- Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - R Glenn Weaver
- Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Marc Davis
- Centre for Population Health, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Anthony D Okely
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Early Start, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Crowe RK, Probst YC, Stanley RM, Ryan ST, Weaver RG, Beets MW, Norman JA, Furber SE, Vuong C, Hammersley ML, Wardle K, Franco L, Davies M, Innes-Hughes C, Okely AD. Physical activity in out of school hours care: an observational study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:127. [PMID: 34530853 PMCID: PMC8447698 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Opportunities for physical activity within out of school
hours care (OSHC) are not well documented in Australia. This study explored factors associated with children (5–12 years) meeting 30 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) while attending OSHC in the afternoon period. Methods A cross-sectional study, conducted in 89 OSHC services in New South Wales, Australia, serving 4,408 children. Each service was visited twice between 2018–2019. Physical activity promotion practices were captured via short interviews and System for Observing Staff Promotion of Physical Activity and Nutrition (SOSPAN). Physical activity spaces was measured (m2) and physical activity of 3,614 child days (42% girls), were collected using Acti-Graph accelerometers. Association between program practices and children accumulation of MVPA was tested using mixed effects logistic regression, adjusted by OSHC service and child. Results Twenty-six percent of children (n = 925) accumulated 30 min or more of MVPA. Factors associated with children reaching MVPA recommendations included: services scheduling greater amounts of child-led free play, both 30–59 min (OR 2.6, 95%CI 1.70, 3.98) and ≥ 60 min (OR 6.4, 95%CI 3.90, 10.49); opportunities for staff-led organised play of ≥ 30 min (OR 2.3, 95%CI 1.47, 3.83); and active games that engaged the majority of children (OR 1.7, 95%CI 1.11, 2.61). Children were less likely to meet MVPA recommendations if services played games with elimination components (OR 0.56, 95%CI 0.37, 0.86). Conclusion Improvements to service-level physical activity promotion practices, specifically the type of physical activity scheduled and the structure of games, may be an effective strategy to increase MVPA of children attending OSHC afterschool in NSW, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth K Crowe
- Early Start, Building 21, Ring Road, Keiraville, NSW, 2522, Australia. .,School of Medicine, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, NSW, Wollongong, Australia. .,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Yasmine C Probst
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca M Stanley
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Early Start, Faculty of the Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah T Ryan
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - R Glenn Weaver
- Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael W Beets
- Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jennifer A Norman
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Health Promotion Service, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Warrawong, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan E Furber
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Health Promotion Service, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Warrawong, NSW, Australia
| | - Cecilia Vuong
- Health Promotion Service, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Megan L Hammersley
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Early Start, Faculty of the Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen Wardle
- Health Promotion Service, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Franco
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Health Promotion Service, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Warrawong, NSW, Australia
| | - Marc Davies
- Centre for Population Health, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Anthony D Okely
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Early Start, Faculty of the Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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