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Pritchard TR, Buckle JL, Thomassin K, Lewis SP. Rural suicide in Newfoundland and Labrador: A qualitative exploration of health care providers' perspectives. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306929. [PMID: 39133696 PMCID: PMC11318929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Residents of rural regions may have higher and unique suicide risks. Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) is a Canadian province replete with rural regions. Despite an abundance of rural suicide research, heterogeneity in rural regions may preclude amalgamating findings to inform prevention efforts. Thus, exploring the unique needs of NL is needed. Importantly, health care providers (HCP) may afford unique perspectives on the suicide-related needs or concerns of rural life. We asked HCPs of residents of rural NL their perceived suicide risk factors, concerns, and needs for rural NL. METHOD Twelve HCPs of rural residents of NL completed virtual semi-structured interviews. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis [13,14]. RESULTS HCPs noted individual, psychological, social, and practical factors linked to rural-suicide risk and subsequent needs. Findings highlight the unique challenges of residing and providing health care in rural NL and inform prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R. Pritchard
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. Buckle
- Department of Psychology, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Kristel Thomassin
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen P. Lewis
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Okeyo I, Walmisley U, De Jong M, Späth C, Doherty T, Siegfried N, Harker N, Tomlinson M, George AS. Whole-of-community interventions that address alcohol-related harms: protocol for a scoping review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059332. [PMID: 35851004 PMCID: PMC9297215 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol-related harm is a rising global concern particularly in low-income and middle-income countries where alcohol use fuels the high rates of violence, road traffic accidents and is a risk factor for communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. Existing evidence to address alcohol-related harm recommends the use of intersectoral approaches, however, previous efforts have largely focused on addressing individual behaviour with limited attention to whole-of-community approaches. Whole-of-community approaches are defined as intersectoral interventions that are systematically coordinated and implemented across the whole community. The objective of this scoping review is to synthesise the existing literature on multisectoral, whole-of-community interventions which have been used to modify or prevent alcohol-related harms. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This scoping review will follow the six-step approach that involves; (1) identifying the research question, (2) identifying relevant studies, (3) selecting studies, (4) charting the data, (5) collating, summarising and reporting the results and (6) expert consultation. Published literature from 2010 to 2021 will be accessed through PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus and Scopus databases. Search terms will focus on the concepts of 'interventions', 'community-based', 'harm reduction' and 'alcohol'. There will be no restrictions on the type of study methodology or country of origin. Title and abstract followed by full-text screening will be conducted by two reviewers to identify relevant articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data from selected articles will be extracted and charted in Excel software. Findings will be analysed qualitatively and presented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis: Extension for Scoping Review. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This review makes use of published and publicly available data and no ethics approval is required. The results from this study will be disseminated via publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at relevant academic research fora and conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Okeyo
- Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape School of Public Health, Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Ulla Walmisley
- Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape School of Public Health, Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Michelle De Jong
- Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape School of Public Health, Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Carmen Späth
- Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape School of Public Health, Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa
- Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Cape Town, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Tanya Doherty
- Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape School of Public Health, Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Nandi Siegfried
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Western Cape, South Africa
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Nadine Harker
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Western Cape, South Africa
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Mark Tomlinson
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Asha S George
- Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape School of Public Health, Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa
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Tani S, Imatake K, Suzuki Y, Yagi T, Takahashi A, Matsumoto N, Okumura Y. Combined higher frequency fish consumption and healthy lifestyle may lower the triglyceride/HDL-C ratio in middle-aged Japanese males: Anti-atherosclerotic effect of fish consumption. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2021; 78:166-176. [PMID: 34915471 DOI: 10.1159/000521446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish consumption may be associated with a low risk of coronary artery disease. We aimed to investigate whether higher fish consumption results in improved lifestyle behaviors and thus lower triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio--a predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). METHODS AND RESULTS This cross-sectional study included 2947 middle-aged Japanese males with no history of ASCVD or lipid-modifying therapy, who presented at the Health Planning Center of Nihon university hospital between April 2018 and March 2019. We performed an analysis of variance using fish consumption as a categorical variable (0-2 days, 3-4 days, or 5-7 days per week). The serum TG/HDL-C ratio in the 5-7 days fish consumption group was significantly lower than those in the 0-2- and 3-4-days fish consumption groups (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Multiple regression stepwise analysis revealed that weekly fish consumption negatively and independently determined the TG/HDL-C ratio (β = -0.061, p = 0.001). As fish consumption increased, the proportion of subjects with smoking habits decreased (p = 0.014), those engaging in aerobic exercises and aggressive daily physical activity increased (p < 0.0001 for both), and those with alcohol habit increased (p < 0.0001). In addition, we developed the risk stratification for ASCVD by combining the serum HDL-C level and the serum TG/HDL-C ratio with fish intake. CONCLUSION Increased frequency of fish consumption and improved lifestyle behaviors due to daily fish intake may work additively to lower the serum TG/HDL-C ratio. These associations may explain why high fish consumption is associated with a lower risk of ASCVD. Our findings may help physicians and nutritionists in treating patients with heart diseases and metabolic conditions by recommending a high fish diet in middle-aged Japanese males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigemasa Tani
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Imatake
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yagi
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okumura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicines, Tokyo, Japan
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Friesen EL, Bailey J, Hyett S, Sedighi S, de Snoo ML, Williams K, Barry R, Erickson A, Foroutan F, Selby P, Rosella L, Kurdyak P. Hazardous alcohol use and alcohol-related harm in rural and remote communities: a scoping review. LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 7:e177-e187. [PMID: 34774200 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(21)00159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use is a major risk factor for death and disease worldwide and alcohol-related harms appear to be more prevalent in rural and remote, relative to urban, communities. This Review synthesised international research on rural-urban disparities in hazardous and harmful alcohol use and risk factors for these outcomes within rural and remote communities. 280 studies from 49 countries were included in the Scoping Review. Most studies (60%) found rural, relative to urban, residence to be associated with an increased likelihood of hazardous alcohol use or alcohol-related harm. This proportion increased between 1990 and 2019 and varied by country, age group, and outcome type, being highest in Australia, among young adults, and for more severe alcohol-related harms, such as drink driving and alcohol-related suicide. Improved public health strategies to reduce the burden of alcohol use in rural communities are required but their efficacy will depend on how well they are tailored to the unique needs of the region they are implemented in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Loewen Friesen
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jacob Bailey
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Hyett
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sina Sedighi
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Kenneth Williams
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca Barry
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anders Erickson
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Farid Foroutan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Selby
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Rosella
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Kurdyak
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
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