1
|
Sattar AK, Masroor T, Martins RS, Zahid N, Shahzad H, Soomro R, Saleem O, Vohra LM, Zeeshan S, Ashfaq MA, Khan I, Nadeem R, Fatima N, Qureshi AA, Amersi FF, Mahmood SF. Impact of Postoperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Surgical Site Infections Rates After Mastectomy with Drains but Without Immediate Reconstruction: A Multicenter, Double-Blinded, Randomized Control Superiority Trial. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:5965-5973. [PMID: 37462826 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-13887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no consensus on the use of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) after mastectomy with indwelling drains. We explored the utility of continued PAP in reducing surgical site infection (SSI) rates after mastectomy without immediate reconstruction and with indwelling drains. PATIENTS AND METHODS A multicenter, two-armed, randomized control superiority trial was conducted in Pakistan. We enrolled all consenting adult patients undergoing mastectomy without immediate reconstruction. All patients received a single preoperative dose of cephalexin within 60 min of incision, and postoperatively were randomized to receive either continued PAP using cephalexin (intervention) or a placebo (control) for the duration of indwelling, closed-suction drains. The primary outcome was the development of SSI within 30 days and 90 days postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included study-drug-associated adverse events. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed using multivariable Cox regression. RESULTS A total of 369 patients, 180 (48.8%) in the intervention group and 189 (51.2%) in the control group, were included in the final analysis. Overall cumulative SSI rates were 3.5% at 30 days and 4.6% at 90 days postoperatively. PAP was not associated with SSI reduction at 30 (hazard ratio, HR 1.666 [95% confidence interval CI 0.515-5.385]) or 90 (1.575 [0.558-4.448]) days postoperatively, or with study-drug-associated adverse effects (0.529 [0.196-1.428]). CONCLUSIONS Continuing antibiotic prophylaxis for the duration of indwelling drains after mastectomy without immediate reconstruction offers no additional benefit in terms of SSI reduction. There is a need to update existing guidelines to provide clearer recommendations regarding use of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis after mastectomy in the setting of indwelling drains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abida K Sattar
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Taleaa Masroor
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Russell Seth Martins
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, JFK University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian Health, Edison, NJ, USA
| | - Nida Zahid
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hania Shahzad
- Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rufina Soomro
- Department of Surgery, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Omema Saleem
- Department of Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Lubna M Vohra
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sana Zeeshan
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Irum Khan
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rida Nadeem
- Department of Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nikhat Fatima
- Department of Surgery, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Farin F Amersi
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Papautsky EL. Patient decision making in recovering from surgery. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1170658. [PMID: 37408966 PMCID: PMC10319058 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1170658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient work in surgery recovery is fraught with complex judgments and decisions. These decisions are not unlike ones that professionals make that we traditionally study with the Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM) theoretical lens and methods. Similarly, patients are making decisions in naturalistic settings and doing so with the objective of minimizing risk and maximizing safety. What is different is that patients are put in a position to perform complex, high level, high consequence work in the absence of any training, education, or decision support. Using a lived experience, I illustrate that the burden of judgement and decision making in surgery recovery work (e.g., caring for surgical sites, managing drains, managing medications, supporting activities of daily living) can be understood through a macrocognitive paradigm. Thus, the NDM theoretical lens and the associated methods is appropriate to study this problem space.
Collapse
|
3
|
Tamminen A, Koskivuo I. Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in mastectomy: A retrospective comparative analysis of 1413 patients with breast cancer. Scand J Surg 2022; 111:56-64. [PMID: 36000713 DOI: 10.1177/14574969221116940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The reported rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) in breast cancer surgery varies widely in previous literature. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis is controversial but recommended by several guidelines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of routine antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with breast cancer undergoing mastectomy. METHODS In this retrospective single-institution study, we reviewed 1413 consecutive female breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy and/or axillary lymph node surgery between years 2012 and 2019. Prophylactic antibiotics for all patients undergoing mastectomy was introduced in our hospital in 2016 and before that the prophylaxis was prescribed individually on surgeons' preference. All patient records for 30 postoperative days were evaluated in detail and all SSIs were recorded. The rate of SSIs was compared between patients who received antibiotic prophylaxis and those who did not. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to define the odds ratio (OR) for the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis. RESULTS A total of 335 patients underwent mastectomy without antibiotic prophylaxis and 1078 with prophylaxis. The rate of SSIs was 6.9% in patients who received prophylaxis and 6.3% in patients without prophylaxis (p = 0.70). The rate of SSIs was similar before and after the introduction of regular antibiotic prophylaxis and there was no difference in any of the patient subgroups investigated. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the OR for antibiotic prophylaxis was 1.04 (95% CI: 0.62-1.73, p = 0.88). CONCLUSIONS Routine use of antibiotic prophylaxis did not reduce the rate of SSIs in mastectomy. Unselective antibiotic prophylaxis for all patients does not seem mandatory in mastectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anselm Tamminen
- Department of Plastic and General Surgery Turku University Hospital and University of Turku Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8 20521 Turku Finland
| | - Ilkka Koskivuo
- Department of Plastic and General Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martins RS, Sattar AK. ASO Author Reflections: Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Mastectomy-Too Much or Too Little. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:6323-6324. [PMID: 35917015 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abida K Sattar
- Department of Surgery, Link Building, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sattar AK, Shahzad H, Masroor T, Martins RS, Zahid N, Amersi FF. Practice Patterns of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Patients Undergoing Mastectomy: A Survey of Members of the American Society of Breast Surgeons. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:6314-6322. [PMID: 35879481 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical site infections after breast surgery range from 1 to 16%. Both the American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBrS) and the American Association of Plastic Surgeons guidelines lack clarity on postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) after mastectomy. We surveyed the ASBrS membership to understand their practice patterns of AP after mastectomy and familiarity with ASBrS guidelines. METHODS A self-designed, 19-question survey was emailed to all 2934 ASBrS members. Information was obtained on the participants' training, familiarity with ASBrS guidelines, and practices of prescribing perioperative AP after mastectomy with/without reconstruction and with indwelling drains. RESULTS In total, 556 (19%) responses were analyzed. Half were fellowship-trained breast surgeons/surgical oncologists (50.2%), with 55.6% having practiced for > 15 years and 66.9% in community/private practice. Only 53.6% reported familiarity with ASBrS guidelines for perioperative AP. Most (> 90%) surgeons reported "always" placing drains after mastectomy and "always" prescribing preoperative AP. Postoperatively, preference for continuing AP in cases with drains in place varied by procedure: 7.7% when no reconstruction, 29.1% when autologous-only, and 52.5% when implant reconstruction. Academic surgeons were less likely than surgeons in community/private practice to continue postoperative AP, whether for the duration of indwelling drains (5.1% versus 9.4%) or even till 7 days postoperatively (0.6% versus 3.2%) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Surgeons uniformly adhere to ASBrS guidelines for preoperative AP. However, there is wide variation in AP postoperatively in patients with/without reconstruction and with indwelling drains. Our results highlight the need for high-quality evidence based on which guidelines must be updated, and the need to familiarize surgeons with current guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abida K Sattar
- Department of Surgery, Link Building, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Hania Shahzad
- Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Nida Zahid
- Department of Surgery, Link Building, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu Q, Sun J. Perioperative-enhanced recovery protocol in patients undergoing open gastrectomy for gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol 2021; 125:306-309. [PMID: 34791643 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|