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Claus LR, Ernst RF, Elferink MG, van Deutekom HWM, van der Zwaag B, van Eerde AM. The Importance of Copy Number Variant Analysis in Patients with Monogenic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int Rep 2024; 9:2695-2704. [PMID: 39291214 PMCID: PMC11403095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2024.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Genetic testing can reveal monogenic causes of kidney diseases, offering diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic benefits. Although single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variants (CNVs) can result in kidney disease, CNV analysis is not always included in genetic testing. Methods We investigated the diagnostic value of CNV analysis in 2432 patients with kidney disease genetically tested at the University Medical Centre Utrecht between 2014 and May 2022. We combined previous diagnostic testing results, encompassing SNVs and CNVs, with newly acquired results based on retrospective CNV analysis. The reported yield considers both the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) classification and whether the genotype actually results in disease. Results We report a diagnostic yield of at least 23% for our complete diagnostic cohort. The total diagnostic yield based solely on CNVs was 2.4%. The overall contribution of CNV analysis, defined as the proportion of positive genetic tests requiring CNV analysis, was 10.5% and varied among different disease subcategories, with the highest impact seen in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and chronic kidney disease at a young age. We highlight the efficiency of exome-based CNV calling, which reduces the need for additional diagnostic tests. Furthermore, a complex structural variant, likely a COL4A4 founder variant, was identified. Additional findings unrelated to kidney diseases were reported in a small percentage of cases. Conclusion In summary, this study demonstrates the substantial diagnostic value of CNV analysis, providing insights into its contribution to the diagnostic yield and advocating for its routine inclusion in genetic testing of patients with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Claus
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert F Ernst
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin G Elferink
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Bert van der Zwaag
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Shlomovitz O, Atias-Varon D, Yagel D, Barel O, Shasha-Lavsky H, Skorecki K, Eliyahu A, Bathish Y, Frajewicki V, Kushnir D, Zaid R, Paperna T, Ofir A, Tchirkov M, Hassan K, Kruzel E, Khazim K, Geron R, Weisman I, Hanut A, Nakhoul F, Kenig-Kozlovsky Y, Refael G, Antebi A, Storch S, Leiba M, Kagan M, Shukrun R, Rechavi G, Dekel B, Ben Moshe Y, Weiss K, Assady S, Vivante A. Genetic Markers Among the Israeli Druze Minority Population With End-Stage Kidney Disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2024; 83:183-195. [PMID: 37717846 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Genetic etiologies have been identified among approximately 10% of adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, data are lacking regarding the prevalence of monogenic etiologies especially among members of minority groups. This study characterized the genetic markers among members of an Israeli minority group with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). STUDY DESIGN A national-multicenter cross-sectional study of Israeli Druze patients (an Arabic-speaking Near-Eastern transnational population isolate) who are receiving maintenance dialysis for ESKD. All study participants underwent exome sequencing. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS We recruited 94 adults with ESKD, comprising 97% of the total 97 Druze individuals throughout Israel being treated with dialysis during the study period. PREDICTORS Demographics and clinical characteristics of kidney disease. OUTCOME Genetic markers. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Whole-exome sequencing and the relationship of markers to clinical phenotypes. RESULTS We identified genetic etiologies in 17 of 94 participants (18%). None had a previous molecular diagnosis. A novel, population-specific, WDR19 homozygous pathogenic variant (p.Cys293Tyr) was the most common genetic finding. Other monogenic etiologies included PKD1, PKD2, type IV collagen mutations, and monogenic forms of noncommunicable diseases. The pre-exome clinical diagnosis corresponded to the final molecular diagnosis in fewer than half of the participants. LIMITATIONS This study was limited to Druze individuals, so its generalizability may be limited. CONCLUSIONS Exome sequencing identified a genetic diagnosis in approximately 18% of Druze individuals with ESKD. These results support conducting genetic analyses in minority populations with high rates of CKD and for whom phenotypic disease specificity may be low. PLAIN-LANGUAGE SUMMARY Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects many people worldwide and has multiple genetic causes. However, there is limited information on the prevalence of genetic etiologies, especially among minority populations. Our national-multicenter study focused on Israeli Druze patients. Using exome-sequencing, we identified previously undetected genetic causes in nearly 20% of patients, including a new and population-specific WDR19 homozygous pathogenic variant. This mutation has not been previously described; it is extremely rare globally but is common among the Druze, which highlights the importance of studying minority populations with high rates of CKD. Our findings provide insights into the genetic basis of end-stage kidney disease in the Israeli Druze, expand the WDR19 phenotypic spectrum, and emphasize the potential value of genetic testing in such populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Shlomovitz
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Safed
| | - Danit Atias-Varon
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Safed
| | - Dina Yagel
- Genomics Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ortal Barel
- Genomics Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Hadas Shasha-Lavsky
- Azrieili Faculty of Medicine in Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Karl Skorecki
- Azrieili Faculty of Medicine in Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Aviva Eliyahu
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Safed; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Victor Frajewicki
- Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Kushnir
- Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rinat Zaid
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Paperna
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ayala Ofir
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marina Tchirkov
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rambam Health Care campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kamal Hassan
- Nephrology Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Etty Kruzel
- Nephrology Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Khaled Khazim
- Nephrology Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Ronit Geron
- Nephrology Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Irit Weisman
- Nephrology Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Anaam Hanut
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Baruch Padeh Medical Center Poriya, Tiberias, Israel
| | - Farid Nakhoul
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Baruch Padeh Medical Center Poriya, Tiberias, Israel
| | - Yael Kenig-Kozlovsky
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rambam Health Care campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gery Refael
- Nephrology Unit, Mayanei HaYeshua Medical Center, Bnei Brak, Israel
| | - Alon Antebi
- Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shimon Storch
- Nephrology and Hypertension Unit, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Maayan Kagan
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Safed
| | - Rachel Shukrun
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Safed
| | - Gidi Rechavi
- Genomics Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Azrieili Faculty of Medicine in Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Safed; Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yishay Ben Moshe
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Safed
| | - Karin Weiss
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Suheir Assady
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rambam Health Care campus, Haifa, Israel; The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Asaf Vivante
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Safed; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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Hu S, Wang P, Ke J, Hui J, Wang C, Luo J, Chen S. Protective effect of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn extract on oxidative damage of LLC‑PK1 cells induced by H 2O 2. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:517. [PMID: 37860131 PMCID: PMC10582797 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn extract (PPDE) is a well-known treatment used in traditional Chinese medicines, where it is most commonly used to treat coughs and symptoms such as headaches and fever. In the present study, the antioxidant capacity of PPDE in vitro was determined by scavenging experiments using DPPH, ABTS+·, ·OH, and ·O2-. The cell survival rate was determined by MTT assay. The MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH, and GSH-Px content were determined by colorimetry assays. The expression levels of antioxidant genes SOD, CAT, GSH, and GSH-Px were assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. HPLC was used to identify the PPDE components. The results suggested that PPDE had scavenging effects on DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl, and superoxide anion radicals in a concentration-dependent manner; H2O2 treatment resulted in oxidative stress in LLC-PK1 cells, and the degree of injury of LLC-PK1 cells following PPDE treatment was improved, which was positively correlated with its concentration. Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn extract treatment reduced the content of MDA and increased the content of CAT, SOD1, GSH, and GSH-Px. The mRNA expression levels of antioxidant genes detected by quantitative PCR were consistent with changes in CAT, SOD, GSS, and GSH-Px. Additionally, the trend in CAT, SOD1, GSH, and GSS protein expression levels was also consistent at the mRNA level. PPDE was found to consist of isochlorogenic acid C, myricetin, baicalin, luteolin, and kaempferol. Therefore, PPDE, which was formed of products derived from natural substances, functioned in the inhibition of oxidative damage. The present study aimed to obtain a better understanding of the traditional Chinese medicine Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn and preliminarily elucidate its antioxidant mechanism at the cellular level. Further animal or human experiments are required to verify the antioxidant effects of PPDE for further development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Hu
- Chongqing Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Authentic Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Traumatology, Chongqing University Central Hospital/Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400013, P.R. China
| | - Jianhong Ke
- Corn Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, P.R. China
| | - Junmin Hui
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Cun Wang
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Jing Luo
- Chongqing Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Authentic Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Shaocheng Chen
- Chongqing Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Authentic Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
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