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Monnaatsie M, Mielke GI, Biddle SJH, Kolbe-Alexander TL. Ecological momentary assessment of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in shift workers and non-shift workers: Validation study. J Sports Sci 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38899730 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2369443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the criterion validity of an ecological momentary assessment (EMA)-reported physical activity and sedentary time compared with accelerometry in shift workers and non-shift workers. Australian workers (n = 102) received prompts through a mobile EMA app and wore the Actigraph accelerometer on the right hip for 7-10 days. Participants received five EMA prompts per day at 3-hour intervals on their mobile phones. EMA prompts sent to shift workers (SW-T) were tailored according to their work schedule. Non-shift workers (NSW-S) received prompts at standardised times. To assess criterion validity, the association of EMA-reported activities and the Actigraph accelerometer activity counts and number of steps were used. Participants were 36 ± 11 years and 58% were female. On occasions where participants reported physical activity, acceleration counts per minute (CPM) and steps were significantly higher (β = 1184 CPM, CI 95%: 1034, 1334; β = 20.9 steps, CI 95%: 18.2, 23.6) than each of the other EMA activities. Acceleration counts and steps were lower when sitting was reported than when no sitting was reported by EMA. Our study showed that EMA-reported physical activity and sedentary time was significantly associated with accelerometer-derived data. Therefore, EMA can be considered to assess shift workers' movement-related behaviours with accelerometers to provide rich contextual data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malebogo Monnaatsie
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Gregore I Mielke
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stuart J H Biddle
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tracy L Kolbe-Alexander
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, Australia
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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De Pasquale C, El Kazzi M, Sutherland K, Shriane AE, Vincent GE, Cistulli PA, Bin YS. Sleep hygiene - What do we mean? A bibliographic review. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 75:101930. [PMID: 38761649 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
There is no consensus on the definition of sleep hygiene and its components. We examined the definition of sleep hygiene based on its use in published studies. Four databases (Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL) were searched from inception until December 31, 2021 for the phrase 'sleep hygiene' in the title or abstract. We identified 548 relevant studies in adults: 250 observational and 298 intervention studies. A definition of sleep hygiene was provided in only 44% of studies and converged on three themes: behavioural factors, environmental factors, and an aspect of control. Sleep hygiene components were explicitly defined in up to 70% of observational studies, but in only 35% of intervention studies. The most commonly considered components of sleep hygiene were caffeine (in 51% of studies), alcohol (46%), exercise (46%), sleep timing (45%), light (42%), napping (39%), smoking (38%), noise (37%), temperature (34%), wind-down routine (33%), stress (32%), and stimulus control (32%), although the specific details of each component varied. Lack of consistency in definitions of sleep hygiene and its components may hinder communication between researchers, clinicians, and the public, and likely limits the utility of sleep hygiene as an intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla De Pasquale
- Sleep Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Mary El Kazzi
- Sleep Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Kate Sutherland
- Sleep Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexandra E Shriane
- Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Australia
| | - Grace E Vincent
- Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Australia
| | - Peter A Cistulli
- Sleep Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia; Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Australia
| | - Yu Sun Bin
- Sleep Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia; Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia.
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Shriane AE, Rigney G, Ferguson SA, Bin YS, Vincent GE. Healthy sleep practices for shift workers: consensus sleep hygiene guidelines using a Delphi methodology. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad182. [PMID: 37429599 PMCID: PMC10710992 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The unique requirements of shift work, such as sleeping and working at variable times, mean that current sleep hygiene guidelines may be inappropriate for shift workers. Current guidelines may also contradict fatigue management advice (e.g. advising against daytime napping). The present study utilized a Delphi methodology to determine expert opinion regarding the applicability of current guidelines for shift workers, the appropriateness of the term "sleep hygiene," and develop tailored guidelines for shift workers. METHODS The research team reviewed current guidelines and existing evidence to draft tailored guidelines. Seventeen individual guidelines, covering sleep scheduling, napping, sleep environment, bedtime routine, substances, light exposure, diet, and exercise were drafted. Experts from sleep, shift work, and occupational health fields (n = 155) were invited to review the draft guidelines using a Delphi methodology. In each round, experts voted on individual guidelines, with 70% agreement considered consensus. Where consensus was not reached, written feedback from experts was discussed and incorporated into subsequent iterations. RESULTS Of the experts invited, 68 (44%) agreed to participate, with 55 (35%) completing the third (final) round. Most experts (84%) agreed that tailored guidelines were required for shift workers. Consensus was reached on all guidelines after three rounds. One additional guideline (sleep inertia) and an introductory statement were developed, resulting in a final set of 18 individual guidelines, termed "healthy sleep practices for shift workers." CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to develop tailored sleep hygiene guidelines for shift workers. Future research should investigate the acceptability and effectiveness of these guidelines amongst shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Shriane
- Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Rigney
- Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sally A Ferguson
- Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yu Sun Bin
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Grace E Vincent
- Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Pokarowski M, Kedra M, Piwinska J, Kurek K, Szczygiel K, Denysiuk P, Popiolek-Kalisz J. The Relationship between Knowledge, Dietary Supplementation, and Sleep Quality in Young Adults after the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2023; 15:3354. [PMID: 37571291 PMCID: PMC10421253 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep is one of the most important factors affecting the quality of life. More than 50% of Polish adults have sleeping disorders, and young adults are the ones particularly vulnerable to this. This is why the analysis of the predictors of sleep quality, such as sleep hygiene knowledge and dietary knowledge, in young adults is a very important topic, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have affected sleeping habits. MATERIAL AND METHODS 402 young adults (mean age 28.12 ± 6.08 years old) were enrolled in the study during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire, while dietary knowledge and sleep hygiene knowledge were assessed with dedicated questionnaires. The participants were also asked about the use of specific dietary supplements. RESULTS The analysis showed that sleep hygiene knowledge was significantly associated with sleep length (R = -0.17, p = 0.003) and overall sleep quality (R = -0.17, p = 0.005), while dietary knowledge significantly correlated with time to fall asleep (R = -0.12, p = 0.026). The regression analysis revealed that sleep hygiene knowledge was a significant negative predictor of sleep quality impairment (β = -0.13, p = 0.028). Significant results were also obtained for the use of supplements (β = -0.20; p = 0.001) and the use of medications (β = -0.32, p = 0.001), which were negative predictors of sleep quality impairment. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that increased sleep hygiene knowledge promoted improved sleep length and overall sleep quality. In addition, dietary knowledge significantly correlated with time to fall asleep. On the other hand, decreased sleep quality was observed in participants who used medications or dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Pokarowski
- Clinical Dietetics Unit, Department of Bioanalytics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michal Kedra
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Piwinska
- Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-378 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kurek
- Student Scientific Club at Clinical Dietetics Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Szczygiel
- Clinical Dietetics Unit, Department of Bioanalytics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Denysiuk
- Department of Cardiology, Cardinal Wyszynski Hospital in Lublin, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Popiolek-Kalisz
- Clinical Dietetics Unit, Department of Bioanalytics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, Cardinal Wyszynski Hospital in Lublin, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
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McIntosh E, Ferguson SA, Dorrian J, Coates AM, Leung G, Gupta CC. "Mars Bar and a Tin of Red Bull Kept Me and My Patients Alive": Exploring Barriers to Healthy Eating through Facebook Comments of Shiftworkers. Nutrients 2023; 15:959. [PMID: 36839319 PMCID: PMC9959479 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The negative impact of an unhealthy diet on the shiftworker population has been well-documented. However, little evidence exists on the underlying reasons for unhealthy eating behaviours and the existing barriers to healthy eating withinshiftwork environments. This qualitative study investigated the dietary behaviours reported by shiftworkers through Facebook comments. Comments were collected if they were on public shiftworker-relevant posts pertaining to dietary news or dietary information on Facebook and were posted by self-identified shiftworkers, relatives of shiftworkers, or partners of shiftworkers. A thematic analysis of the 144 comments collected generated four categories that can be used to understand the motivations for eating behaviour on-shift: what shiftworkers eat, where food is sourced from, when food is eaten, and why certain foods are chosen. Results reveal motivations, attitudes, and both internal and external barriers to healthy eating behaviours, as well as similarities and differences across shiftwork industries. Recommendations for future research include further explorations on the link between scheduled eating (e.g., time-restricted eating) and shiftwork, the impact of a rotating shift arrangements on dietary health behaviours, and the impact of interpersonal relationships on shiftworker dietary choices. Understanding these motivations will inform strategies to promote healthy eating and help understand barriers for shiftworkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma McIntosh
- Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Adelaide 5034, Australia
| | - Sally A. Ferguson
- Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Adelaide 5034, Australia
| | - Jillian Dorrian
- UniSA Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5072, Australia
| | - Alison M. Coates
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA) Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Gloria Leung
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill 3168, Australia
| | - Charlotte C. Gupta
- Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Adelaide 5034, Australia
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