Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in perioperative care: a systematic review of a complex intervention

Preoperative comprehensive geriatric assessment and multidisciplinary team input in older people undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery: A feasibility trial

OBJECTIVE

To determine the feasibility of preoperative comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and multidisciplinary team (MDT) input for older people undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery in a tertiary New Zealand setting.

METHODS

This single-centre retrospective study included elective orthopaedic patients older than 65 years (and Māori/Pasifika aged greater than 55 years) with hyperpolypharmacy, frailty, neurocognitive disorders and poor functional status. Patients attended a preoperative clinic where they had a geriatrician-led CGA along with MDT input. The feasibility of this preoperative model was assessed using outcomes of acceptability, accessibility and adherence. A qualitative description of patient demographics along with clinic assessment and interventions further describes this pilot experience.

RESULTS

Sixty patients met inclusion criteria. This group were vulnerable older people (median age 77 years), with a high incidence of hyperpolypharmacy (85%), frailty (80%) and neurocognitive disorders (30%). Acceptability was high (97%), along with CGA accessibility (100%); however, MDT accessibility varied (53-90%). Adherence to MDT intervention was low; with only 26% of patients completing physiotherapy sessions and only 29% adhering to dietary advice. Accurate recall was a significant factor contributing to poor adherence. Comprehensive geriatric assessment was demonstrated to be a broad and flexible intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

CGA with MDT input is an acceptable and accessible intervention to be utilised as part of improved preoperative care for the older person undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery. Further consideration around methods to increase adherence in this patient group should be explored. Future research should focus on refining the intervention, and quantifying impact on patient outcomes.

Implementation status of comprehensive geriatric assessment among older inpatients: A nationwide retrospective study

AIM

The importance of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is increasing in aging societies worldwide. However, there are few comprehensive studies on CGA, resulting in a limited understanding of its implementation rate, temporal changes and factors associated with its implementation. We aimed to investigate the implementation status of CGA and its regional variance in Japan.

METHODS

Using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we investigated CGA trends, and identified the patient, hospital and regional factors associated with its implementation. We identified patients aged ≥65 years who were admitted for the first time between 2016 and 2020 with a diagnosis of stroke, heart failure, pneumonia, bone fracture or colorectal cancer. We examined the CGA implementation rate according to patient and hospital characteristics. We also investigated temporal changes and tendencies to carry out CGA in different prefectures.

RESULTS

A total of 1 974 817 patients were analyzed, of whom 570 696 (28.9%) underwent CGA. The implementation trend increased steadily from 25.3% in fiscal year 2016 to 33.4% in fiscal year 2019. The implementation rate also increased with patient age (30.3% in patients aged ≥95 years). Regional variations in its implementation status were observed, with a higher tendency to be implemented in areas near major metropolitan regions. A trend toward carrying out CGA for colorectal cancer, but not for other diseases, has been observed in eastern Japan.

CONCLUSION

Although CGA is increasingly carried out, considerable regional differences remain in its implementation status. Initiatives to reduce variations are necessary. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; ••: ••-••.

Development of a minimum clinical dataset for preoperative comprehensive geriatric assessment using a modified Delphi technique

OBJECTIVE

To construct a standardised, consensus-guided minimum clinical dataset (MCDS) for preoperative comprehensive geriatric assessment and optimisation (CGA) in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand.

METHODS

We conducted a review of the international perioperative literature to identify CGA domains and tools for potential inclusion in the MCDS. We invited members of the Australian and New Zealand Society for Geriatric Medicine to participate in a Delphi study to obtain consensus on MCDS tools. Participants were asked to rate proposed tools using Likert scales (when >2 tools) or make a binary choice between two proposed tools. Consensus was considered to be achieved when there was at least 75% concordance between the two rounds amongst the participants, and at least one variable attaining over 50% of participants' votes. Domains that did not achieve consensus in Round 1 were carried over to Round 2.

RESULTS

There were 73 participants in Round 1 of the Delphi study and 47 participants in Round 2. Consensus was achieved on tool/s recommended for every MCDS domain: Clinical Frailty Scale (frailty); sMMSE, RUDAS, MoCA (cognition); 4AT (delirium); timed-up-and-go (physical function); GDS-15 (mood); Barthel Index (functional status); and MUST (malnutrition).

CONCLUSIONS

We recommend clinicians delivering preoperative CGA consider the use of the MCDS we have constructed when assessing older people contemplating surgery, as part of a multicomponent and multidisciplinary approach to optimising perioperative outcomes.

Elderly Rectal Cancer: An Updated Review

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Treatment of rectal cancer patients of advanced age should be modulated by life expectancy and tolerance. Due to the rapid advance of this field, we aim to conduct an updated review of this topic.

RECENT FINDINGS

The field of elderly rectal cancer has advanced a lot. This review covers all the treatment aspects of elderly rectal cancer, including the prognostic factor, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and palliative treatment. We also provide the future aspect of the management of elderly rectal cancer. The advancement of prognostic factor research, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and palliative treatment has made the care of elderly rectal cancer patients better. The future of these fields should focus on the definition of the elderly and the application of particle therapy.

Factors associated with maintaining walking ability postoperation for hip fractures and the predictive value of the CGA7 score for postoperative walking ability

AIM

Patients with hip fractures have a high rate of mortality or decreased mobility, despite early operative treatment and rehabilitation. The first aim of this study was to investigate the factors of decreased walking ability after hip fracture based on whether walking ability was or was not maintained postoperatively. The second aim was to examine the usefulness of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment 7 (CGA7), modified from the conventional Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, for predicting postoperative walking ability.

METHODS

This study included patients who were treated surgically for hip fractures. We divided patients by whether they did or did not maintain their walking ability postoperatively. We registered the following demographic data: walking ability preadmission and at discharge, CGA7 score, cognitive impairment, the patient's prefracture status, fracture type, surgical waiting time, hospital stay duration, limitation of weight-bearing, postoperative complications, transfer to rehabilitation hospital, final living place, and follow-up period. The characteristics of the two groups were compared using Wilcoxon's rank-sum test, the chi-squared test, or Fisher's exact test.

RESULTS

Among 855 patients, 616 (73.0%) patients maintained walking ability and 239 (27.0%) patients did not. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the factors of age, sex, preoperative walking ability, and postoperative complications were significantly associated with maintaining postoperative walking ability. Furthermore, the higher the CGA7 score, the more likely were patients to maintain their walking ability (odds ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.85; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients who had a low CGA7 score had the potential risk of decreased walking ability. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 830-835.

Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in perioperative care: a systematic review of a complex intervention

OBJECTIVES

Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a complex intervention applied to older people with evidence of benefit in medical populations. The aim of this systematic review was to describe how CGA is applied to surgical populations in randomised controlled trials. This will provide a basis for design of future studies focused on optimising CGA as a complex intervention.

SETTING

A systematic review of randomised controlled trials.

PARTICIPANTS

A systematic search was performed for studies of CGA in the perioperative period across Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane CENTRAL, from inception to March 2021.

INTERVENTIONS

Any randomised controlled trials of perioperative CGA versus 'standard care' were included.

OUTCOME MEASURES

Qualitative description of CGA.

RESULTS

12 121 titles and abstracts were screened, 68 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 22 articles included, reporting on 13 trials. 10 trials focused on inpatients with hip fracture, with 7 of these delivering CGA on a geriatric medicine ward, 3 on a surgical ward. The remaining three trials were in elective general surgery all delivering CGA on a surgical ward. CGA components, duration of intervention and personnel delivering the intervention were highly variable across the different studies. Trials favoured postoperative delivery of CGA (11/13). Only four trials reported data on adherence to the CGA intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

CGA as an intervention is variably described and delivered in randomised controlled trials in the perioperative setting. The reporting of both the intervention and standard care is often poor with little focus on adherence. Future research should focus on clearly defining and standardising the intervention as well as measuring adherence within trials.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER

CRD42020221797.