Effect of polyphenol compounds on Helicobacter pylori eradication: a systematic review with meta-analysis

A review for non-antibiotic treatment of Helicobacter pylori: new insight

Gastric ulcers and gastric cancer are brought on by the Helicobacter pylori bacteria, which colonizes under the stomach mucous membrane. Different medication regimens are used to remove it, but the illness returns and becomes more resistant, which lowers the treatment rates. Additionally, this bacterium now exhibits a skyrocketing level of multi-drug resistance, necessitating recurrent therapeutic treatments. The negative effects of synthetic medications in comparison to conventional therapies are another significant factor in favor of non-pharmacological therapy. The most significant side effects of popular anti-gastric ulcer medications include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Stomach ulcers have previously been treated with herbal remedies and complementary treatments like probiotics. When probiotics are ingested, the host experiences several advantages that may be brought about by altering the bacterial flora in the digestive system. Additionally, stronger-acting chemical compounds and plant extracts can be employed to treat patients. In this article, we look at the substances and medications that are utilized in place of synthetic stomach ulcer-curing treatments.

Influence of Source Materials, Concentration, Gastric Digestion, and Encapsulation on the Bioactive Response of Brassicaceae-Derived Samples against Helicobacter pylori

Isothiocyanates may have antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori, but there are different variables related to Brassicaceae-derived samples that could affect their efficacy. This work studied the influence of source variety, concentration, gastric digestion, and encapsulation of samples on their bioactive response against Helicobacter pylori. The antibacterial activity of raw sprouts (red cabbage and red radish) showed the highest antibacterial effect, which was consistent with a higher amount of isothiocyanates. It decreased with gastric digestion, regardless of sample encapsulation. By contrast, adult red radish leaves became antibacterial after gastric digestion. Antioxidant activity on H. pylori-infected gastric cells was similar in all samples and followed an equivalent pattern with the changes in isothiocyanates. Raw samples decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species production, but they lost this capacity after gastric digestion, regardless whether the compounds were free or encapsulated. Red cabbage sprouts, red radish sprouts, and red radish roots produced a decrease in nitric oxide production. It was consistent with a modulation of the inflammatory response and was associated to isothiocyanates concentration. Encapsulated sprout samples retained part of their anti-inflammatory activity after gastric digestion. Adult raw red radish leaves were not active, but after digestion, they became anti-inflammatory. The results obtained in this study have shown that several variables could have a significant impact on the bioactive properties of Brassicaceae-derived samples against H. pylori, providing a starting point for the design and standardization of samples with specific bioactivities (antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory) potentially useful for the treatment of H. pylori infection.

Curcumin and proton pump inhibitors for functional dyspepsia: a randomised, double blind controlled trial

OBJECTIVE

To compare the efficacy of curcumin versus omeprazole in improving patient reported outcomes in people with dyspepsia.

DESIGN

Randomised, double blind controlled trial, with central randomisation.

SETTING

Thai traditional medicine hospital, district hospital, and university hospitals in Thailand.

PARTICIPANTS

Participants with a diagnosis of functional dyspepsia.

INTERVENTIONS

The interventions were curcumin alone (C), omeprazole alone (O), or curcumin plus omeprazole (C+O). Patients in the combination group received two capsules of 250 mg curcumin, four times daily, and one capsule of 20 mg omeprazole once daily for 28 days.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Functional dyspepsia symptoms on days 28 and 56 were assessed using the Severity of Dyspepsia Assessment (SODA) score. Secondary outcomes were the occurrence of adverse events and serious adverse events.

RESULTS

206 patients were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to one of the three groups; 151 patients completed the study. Demographic data (age 49.7±11.9 years; women 73.4%), clinical characteristics and baseline dyspepsia scores were comparable between the three groups. Significant improvements were observed in SODA scores on day 28 in the pain (-4.83, -5.46 and -6.22), non-pain (-2.22, -2.32 and -2.31) and satisfaction (0.39, 0.79 and 0.60) categories for the C+O, C, and O groups, respectively. These improvements were enhanced on day 56 in the pain (-7.19, -8.07 and -8.85), non-pain (-4.09, -4.12 and -3.71) and satisfaction (0.78, 1.07, and 0.81) categories in the C+O, C, and O groups, respectively. No significant differences were observed among the three groups and no serious adverse events occurred.

CONCLUSION

Curcumin and omeprazole had comparable efficacy for functional dyspepsia with no obvious synergistic effect.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER

TCTR20221208003.

The efficacy of polyphenols as an antioxidant agent: An updated review

Global production of the two major poultry products, meat and eggs, has increased quickly. This, in turn, indicates both the relatively low cost and the customers' desire for these secure and high-quality products. Natural feed additives have become increasingly popular to preserve and enhance the health and productivity of poultry and livestock. We consume a lot of polyphenols, which are a kind of micronutrient. These are phytochemicals with positive effects on cardiovascular, cognitive, anti-inflammatory, detoxifying, anti-tumor, anti-pathogen, a catalyst for growth, and immunomodulating functions, among extra health advantages. Furthermore, high quantities of polyphenols have unknown and occasionally unfavorable impacts on the digestive tract health, nutrient assimilation, the activity of digestive enzymes, vitamin and mineral assimilation, the performance of the laying hens, and the quality of the eggs. This review clarifies the numerous sources, categories, biological functions, potential limitations on usage, and effects of polyphenols on poultry performance, egg composition, exterior and interior quality traits.

Immunomodulatory effect of glabridin in ovalbumin induced allergic asthma and its comparison with methylprednisolone in a preclinical rodent model

Glabridin, a polyphenolic flavonoid derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) roots, has shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The current study sought to investigate glabridin's immunomodulatory effect in ovalbumin induced allergic asthma. Healthy male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. Group I served as a control group. Asthma was induced in groups II- IV. Groups III and IV were treated with glabridin (40 mg/kg) and methylprednisolone (15 mg/kg), respectively. Inflammatory cells counts were determined in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Serum IgE levels and levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in lung homogenate were measured. The levels of mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were analysed. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and acute toxicity of glabridin were also checked. Glabridin significantly decreased inflammatory cells in the blood and BALF. It increased the concentration of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Glabridin markedly decreased serum IgE levels and DTH when compared to asthmatic rats. It significantly alleviated the expression of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, CXCL1, iNOS, and NF-κB. Administering 10 times the therapeutic dose of glabridin did not show any signs of acute toxicity. Findings suggest that glabridin has the potential to ameliorate allergic asthma and its effects are comparable to those of methylprednisolone. The immunomodulatory effect of glabridin might be contributed by the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, IgE antibodies, and elevation of antioxidant enzymes, suggesting future study and clinical trials to propose it as a candidate to treat allergic asthma.