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Mergen M, Graf N, Meyerheim M. Reviewing the current state of virtual reality integration in medical education - a scoping review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:788. [PMID: 39044186 PMCID: PMC11267750 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In medical education, new technologies like Virtual Reality (VR) are increasingly integrated to enhance digital learning. Originally used to train surgical procedures, now use cases also cover emergency scenarios and non-technical skills like clinical decision-making. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of VR in medical education, including requirements, advantages, disadvantages, as well as evaluation methods and respective study results to establish a foundation for future VR integration into medical curricula. METHODS This review follows the updated JBI methodology for scoping reviews and adheres to the respective PRISMA extension. We included reviews in English or German language from 2012 to March 2022 that examine the use of VR in education for medical and nursing students, registered nurses, and qualified physicians. Data extraction focused on medical specialties, subjects, curricula, technical/didactic requirements, evaluation methods and study outcomes as well as advantages and disadvantages of VR. RESULTS A total of 763 records were identified. After eligibility assessment, 69 studies were included. Nearly half of them were published between 2021 and 2022, predominantly from high-income countries. Most reviews focused on surgical training in laparoscopic and minimally invasive procedures (43.5%) and included studies with qualified physicians as participants (43.5%). Technical, didactic and organisational requirements were highlighted and evaluations covering performance time and quality, skills acquisition and validity, often showed positive outcomes. Accessibility, repeatability, cost-effectiveness, and improved skill development were reported as advantages, while financial challenges, technical limitations, lack of scientific evidence, and potential user discomfort were cited as disadvantages. DISCUSSION Despite a high potential of VR in medical education, there are mandatory requirements for its integration into medical curricula addressing challenges related to finances, technical limitations, and didactic aspects. The reported lack of standardised and validated guidelines for evaluating VR training must be overcome to enable high-quality evidence for VR usage in medical education. Interdisciplinary teams of software developers, AI experts, designers, medical didactics experts and end users are required to design useful VR courses. Technical issues and compromised realism can be mitigated by further technological advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Mergen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Building 9, Kirrberger Strasse 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Norbert Graf
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Building 9, Kirrberger Strasse 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Meyerheim
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Building 9, Kirrberger Strasse 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
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Parihar JKS, Parihar AKS, Kaushik J, Singh A. How to maintain equilibrium between the quantum and quality of cataract surgery training and patient safety measures. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:134-135. [PMID: 38131586 PMCID: PMC10841802 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1847_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaya Kaushik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Command Hospital (CC), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Military Hospital, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Ducloyer JB, Poinas A, Duchesne L, Caillet P, Ivan C, Lejus-Bourdeau C, Limousin N, Desmidt T, Pladys P, Pisella PJ, Bernard A, Lardy H, Gohier P, Martin L, Mouriaux F, Lebranchu P, Khanna RK. Educational Concerns About the Safety of Cataract Surgery During Residency: The E3CAPS Pedagogic Study. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:2801-2812. [PMID: 37531031 PMCID: PMC10441871 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cataract surgery is the most common surgical procedure performed in France. While the incidence of intraoperative complications affecting visual prognosis is extremely low, given the large number of patients operated on, the absolute number of patients affected by complications is quite high. Complication rates are significantly higher when ophthalmology residents (ORs) perform the surgery. Although lack of experience remains the main risk factor, sleep deprivation may adversely affect ORs' successful surgery rate. The value of the EyeSi® surgical simulator in initial training has been demonstrated to increase cataract surgery safety through the transfer of surgical skills from the simulator to the operating room. However, there is no consensus regarding how much training is needed before the first-time ORs are allowed to operate. There is also no scientific evidence that sleep deprivation is associated with a decrease in surgical performance. Establishing a validated protocol for cataract surgery training using the EyeSi surgical simulator (referred to further as the EyeSi) and identifying risk factors for intraoperative complications related to sleep deprivation will improve cataract surgery safety and lead to the reorganization of our healthcare systems. METHODS AND PLANNED OUTCOMES This multi-centre educational cohort study will include two distinct axes which will both aim to reduce the risks of cataract surgery. Enrollment will include 16 first-year ORs for Axis 1 and 25 experienced residents for Axis 2, all from the University Hospitals of Nantes, Tours, Angers and Rennes. Axis 1 will focus on investigating the learning curve of first-year ORs using the EyeSi, following the training program recommended by the "College des Ophtalmologistes Universitaires de France" in order to set up a future "licence to operate." Axis 2 will evaluate the impact of sleep deprivation on the surgical performance of experienced ORs using the EyeSi. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT05722080.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Ducloyer
- Ophthalmology Department, Nantes University-CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1413 (CIC 1413), Nantes University-CHU Nantes INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Alexandra Poinas
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1413 (CIC 1413), Nantes University-CHU Nantes INSERM, Nantes, France.
| | - Léa Duchesne
- Public Health Department, CHU Nantes-Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Pascal Caillet
- Public Health Department, CHU Nantes-Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Ivan
- Ophthalmology Department, Nantes University-CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1413 (CIC 1413), Nantes University-CHU Nantes INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Corinne Lejus-Bourdeau
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, CHU Nantes-Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Nadège Limousin
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | - Thomas Desmidt
- Inserm, UMR 1253, IBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Patrick Pladys
- LTSI-UMR 1099, INSERM, CHU Rennes-Rennes University, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Pisella
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHU Tours-Bretonneau Hospital, 37000, Tours, France
| | - Anne Bernard
- Department of Cardiology, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Hubert Lardy
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, CHU-Centre de Pédiatrie de Clocheville, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Gohier
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHU de Angers, 49100, Angers, France
| | - Ludovic Martin
- Department of Dermatology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
- All'Sims Centre for Healthcare Simulation, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Frederic Mouriaux
- Ophthalmology Department, CHU Rennes-Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre Lebranchu
- Ophthalmology Department, Nantes University-CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1413 (CIC 1413), Nantes University-CHU Nantes INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Raoul Kanav Khanna
- Department of Ophthalmology, UMR 1253, iBrain, Bretonneau University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
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