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Vieira RCP, Marcolino MS, Silva LGSE, Pereira DN, Nascimento BR, Jorge ADO, Ribeiro ALP. Assessment of the Impact of the Implementation of a Pre-Hospital Ambulance System on Acute Myocardial Infarction Mortality in a Developing Country. Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 119:S0066-782X2022005016204. [PMID: 36169452 PMCID: PMC9750209 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20210953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effective management of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is time-dependent. OBJECTIVES To assess the impacts of the implementation of prehospital care on admission rates and mortality associated with AMI. METHODS Retrospective, ecological study, which assessed data from the Brazilian Universal Health System, from all 853 municipalities of Minas Gerais, from 2008 to 2016. Excessive skewness of general and in-hospital mortality rates was smoothed using the empirical Bayes method. This study assessed the relationship between Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU) in each municipality and the following 3 outcomes: mortality rate due to AMI, AMI in-hospital mortality, and AMI hospitalization rate, using the Poisson hierarchical model. Rates were corrected by age structure and detrended by seasonality and temporal influences. A confidence interval of 95% was adopted. RESULTS AMI mortality rates decreased throughout the study, on average 2% per year, with seasonal variation. AMI in-hospital mortality also showed a decreasing trend, from 13.81% in 2008 to 11.43% in 2016. SAMU implementation was associated with decreased AMI mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 0.967, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.936 to 0.998) and AMI in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.914, 95% CI 0.845 to 0.986), with no relation with hospitalizations (OR = 1.003, 95% CI 0.927 to 1.083). CONCLUSION SAMU implementation was associated with a modest but significant decrease in AMI in-hospital mortality. This finding reinforces the key role of prehospital care in AMI care and the need for investments on this service to improve clinical outcomes in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Costa Pereira Vieira
- Faculdade de MedicinaHospital UniversitárioUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrasil Faculdade de Medicina e Hospital Universitário , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG – Brasil
| | - Milena Soriano Marcolino
- Faculdade de MedicinaHospital UniversitárioUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrasil Faculdade de Medicina e Hospital Universitário , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG – Brasil
- Rede de Telessaúde de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrasil Rede de Telessaúde de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG – Brasil
| | - Luis Gustavo Silva e Silva
- Rede de Telessaúde de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrasil Rede de Telessaúde de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG – Brasil
| | - Daniella Nunes Pereira
- Faculdade de MedicinaHospital UniversitárioUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrasil Faculdade de Medicina e Hospital Universitário , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG – Brasil
| | - Bruno Ramos Nascimento
- Faculdade de MedicinaHospital UniversitárioUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrasil Faculdade de Medicina e Hospital Universitário , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG – Brasil
| | - Alzira de Oliveira Jorge
- Faculdade de MedicinaHospital UniversitárioUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrasil Faculdade de Medicina e Hospital Universitário , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG – Brasil
| | - Antonio Luiz P Ribeiro
- Faculdade de MedicinaHospital UniversitárioUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrasil Faculdade de Medicina e Hospital Universitário , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG – Brasil
- Rede de Telessaúde de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrasil Rede de Telessaúde de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , MG – Brasil
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Badat Z, Rangiah S. Acute myocardial infarction at a district hospital in KwaZulu-Natal – Management and outcomes. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2022; 64:e1-e8. [PMID: 35792623 PMCID: PMC9257761 DOI: 10.4102/safp.v64i1.5463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) following ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The condition remains a management challenge in resource-constrained environments. This study analysed the management and outcomes of patients presenting with AMI at a district hospital in KwaZulu-Natal. Methods A descriptive study that assessed hospital records of all patients diagnosed with AMI over a 2-year period (01 August 2016 to 31 July 2018). Data extracted recorded patient demographics, risk factors, timing of care, therapeutic interventions, follow up with cardiology and mortality of patients. Results Of the 140 patients who were admitted with AMI, 96 hospital records were analysed. The mean (standard deviation [s.d.]) age of patients was 55.8 (±12.7) years. Smoking (73.5%) and hypertension (63.3%) were the most prevalent risk factors for patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in contrast to dyslipidaemia (70.2%) and hypertension (68.1%) in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Almost 49.5% of patients arrived at hospital more than 6 h after symptom onset. Three (12.5%) patients received thrombolytic therapy within the recommended 30-min time frame. The mean triage-to-needle time was 183 min – range (3; 550). Median time to cardiology appointment was 93 days. The in-hospital mortality of 12 deaths considering 140 admissions was 8.6%. Conclusion In a resource-constrained environment with multiple systemic challenges, in-hospital mortality is comparable to that in private sector conditions in South Africa. This entrenches the role of the family physician. There is need for more coordinated systems of care for AMI between district hospitals and tertiary referral centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakariya Badat
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.
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Mehta S, Aboushi H, Campos C, Botelho R, Fernandez F, Rodriguez D, Torres M, Vieria D, Frauenfelder A, Pinto G, Lopez C, Acosta M. Impact of a telemedicine-guided, population-based, STEMI network on reperfusion strategy, efficiency, and outcomes: Impact of telemedicine on STEMI management. ASIAINTERVENTION 2021; 7:18-26. [PMID: 34912998 PMCID: PMC8657047 DOI: 10.4244/aij-d-18-00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS A telemedicine-guided strategy increases the access to and efficiency of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) networks resulting in increased access to, and reduced disparities in, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) care between rural and urban areas. METHODS AND RESULTS The Latin America Telemedicine Infarct Network (LATIN) was developed for poor and remote regions in Brazil and Colombia that lacked coordinated AMI systems of care. It strategically connects small clinics and primary care health centres (spokes) to hubs with 24/7 percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) capability. Experts at three remote sites provide urgent electrocardiogram (ECG) diagnosis and tele-consultation for the entire network. Data from the busiest LATIN site, the Santa Marcelina Hospital in Sao Paolo, Brazil, were compared with health statistics from Sistema Unico de Saude (Brazilian Public Health System - SUS). A total of 192 centres were networked using standardised and guideline-based protocols for AMI care. Overall, 313,897 patients were remotely screened, 3,572 AMI diagnosed (1.1%), and 1,636 AMI urgently reperfused (45.8%), mainly by primary PCI (n=1,351; 83%). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, a comparison between a pre-LATIN cohort from SUS (1,015) and a LATIN cohort from Santa Marcelina Hospital (1,247) revealed increased reperfusion with PCI (65.52% vs 75.2%), increased cost ($2,037.12 vs $2,246.40, p<0.005), a statistically significant reduction in PCI mortality (8.5% vs 4.3% p<0.01) and a non-significant reduction in mortality overall amongst all treatment pathways (9.69% vs 9.43%, p=0.931).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haytham Aboushi
- Lumen Foundation, 185 Shore Dr S, Miami, FL 33133, USA. E-mail:
| | - Carlos Campos
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, and Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Botelho
- Triangulo Heart Institute and Eurolatino Medical Research, Uberlandia, Brazil
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Mehta S, Vega R, Bojanini F, Corral J, Bulla Á, Botelho R, Fernández F, Rodríguez D, Torres MA, Cortizo Vidal LL. Manejo ejemplar del infarto agudo de miocardio con la utilización de protocolos sofisticados de Telemedicina. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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