1
|
Rickerby NC, Hodges PW, Besomi M, Hutchinson MR, Day MA. Avoiding the Edge Before It Is Too Late: When Is Pain a Sign of Injury in Athletes? Clin J Sport Med 2024:00042752-990000000-00200. [PMID: 38900962 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Rickerby
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul W Hodges
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Manuela Besomi
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; and
| | - Melissa A Day
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang C, Stovitz SD, Kaufman JS, Steele RJ, Shrier I. Principles of musculoskeletal sport injuries for epidemiologists: a review. Inj Epidemiol 2024; 11:21. [PMID: 38802864 PMCID: PMC11131288 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-024-00507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal injuries are a common occurrence in sport. The goal of sport injury epidemiology is to study these injuries at a population level to inform their prevention and treatment. MAIN BODY This review provides an overview of musculoskeletal sport injuries and the musculoskeletal system from a biological and epidemiologic perspective, including injury mechanism, categorizations and types of sport injuries, healing, and subsequent injuries. It is meant to provide a concise introductory substantive background of musculoskeletal sport injuries for epidemiologists who may not have formal training in the underlying anatomy and pathophysiology. CONCLUSION An understanding of sport injuries is important for researchers in sport injury epidemiology when determining how to best define and assess their research questions and measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinchin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Steven D Stovitz
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Jay S Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Russell J Steele
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ian Shrier
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marais JV, Jansen van Rensburg A, Schwellnus MP, Jordaan E, Boer P. Risk factors associated with a history of iliotibial band syndrome (hITBS) in distance runners: a cross-sectional study in 76 654 race entrants - a SAFER XXXIII study. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38618688 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2024.2341607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the numerous health benefits of distance running, it is also associated with the development of 'gradual onset running-related injuries' (GORRIs) one of which is Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS). Novel risk factors associated with a history of ITBS (hITBS) have not been described in a large cohort of distance runners. OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors associated with hITBS in distance runners. DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING 21.1 km and 56 km Two Oceans Marathon races (2012-2015). PARTICIPANTS 106 743 race entrants completed the online pre-race medical screening questionnaire. A total of 1 314 runners confirmed an accurate hITBS diagnosis. METHODS Selected risk factors associated with hITBS explored included: demographics (race distance, sex, age groups), training/running variables, history of existing chronic diseases (including a composite chronic disease score) and history of any allergy. Prevalence (%) and prevalence ratios (PR; 95% CI) are reported (uni- & multiple regression analyzes). RESULTS 1.63% entrants reported hITBS in a 12-month period. There was a higher (p < 0.0001) prevalence of hITBS in the longer race distance entrants (56 km), females, younger entrants, fewer years of recreational running (PR = 1.07; p = 0.0009) and faster average running speed (PR = 1.02; p = 0.0066). When adjusted for race distance, sex, age groups, a higher chronic disease composite score (PR = 2.38 times increased risk for every two additional chronic diseases; p < 0.0001) and a history of allergies (PR = 1.9; p < 0.0001) were independent risk factors associated with hITBS. CONCLUSION Apart from female sex, younger age, fewer years of running and slower running speed, two novel independent risk factors associated with hITBS in distance runners are an increased number of chronic diseases and a history of allergies. Identifying athletes at higher risk for ITBS can guide healthcare professionals in their prevention and rehabilitation efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jandre V Marais
- Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Martin P Schwellnus
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Emeritus Professor of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Esme Jordaan
- Biostatistics Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Statistics and Population Studies Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pieter Boer
- Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Human Movement Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Wellington, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Blacket CT, Fuller JT, Bennett H, Crozier AJ, Dziano JK, Arnold JB. Just Run: Development of a theory-based motivational online intervention for promoting ongoing running participation. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 71:102581. [PMID: 38061406 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Running is a popular form of physical activity yet discontinuation is common. Interventions targeting physical activity adoption have shown modest effects, often with little translation into long-term participation, which may limit the health benefits available to the wider community. This paper details the development of a new online running intervention (Just Run) aimed at improving continuation of running activity in new runners through a motivational and psychological lens, including aspects of design, content, refinement, and usability testing. A six-step intervention mapping process was used to develop a theory-based online intervention using a mix of research designs. Key stakeholders including runners, coaches and relevant experts in physical activity and behavior change provided valuable insight, feedback and refinement of the education to be delivered. The final Just Run intervention included ten modules delivered online over twelve weeks to promote ongoing running participation through videos, testimonials, and activities. Key themes identified through the literature and stakeholder engagement process related to goal setting, self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, social support and overcoming barriers to running participation. Usability testing confirmed the quality and suitability of the education to the target population. Just Run has been developed with a range of stakeholders to address an area of unmet need in the adoption and promotion of running. Just Run is a robust online intervention that has been designed and pre-tested with positive feedback and unique insights from key stakeholders. Further investigation is required to support its implementation to the wider community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe T Blacket
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Australia.
| | - Joel T Fuller
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hunter Bennett
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Alyson J Crozier
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Jenelle K Dziano
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John B Arnold
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luijten SCM, Nauta J, Janssen TWJ, Holla JFM, Jenniskens SCN, van Reuler AVR, Verhagen E. Occurrence of injuries and illnesses in athletes with a physical impairment; a forty-week prospective cohort study. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:160-165. [PMID: 38123411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently, the knowledge about the epidemiology of sport-related health problems of athletes with a physical impairment is limited. Therefore, this study aims to describe the prevalence, incidence and severity of sport-related health problems of athletes with a physical impairment in the Netherlands over a one sport season. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS Athletes (n = 99) with a physical impairment participated in this study. After completing a baseline questionnaire, athletes started a 40-week health monitoring period, during which they completed the Dutch translation of the OSTRC Questionnaire on Health Problems every week. Based on the reported information, injury and illness prevalence, incidence, weekly cumulative severity score, weekly time loss from sport and the total burden were calculated. RESULTS A total of 368 health problems were reported by 95 athletes. These health problems consisted of 258 injuries and 110 illnesses. The average weekly prevalence of health problems was 48.0 %; for injuries 34.6 %, and illnesses 13.4 %. Differences were found when considering injury severity, with the highest severity scores for athletes with a limb deficiency. Furthermore, recreational athletes reported the highest injury severity scores, followed by athletes who competed nationally and athletes who competed internationally. CONCLUSIONS Data from this study show a high average weekly prevalence of health problems, and differences amongst various impairment categories and sport levels when considering the severity of injuries. These results add to the knowledge regarding sport-related health problem epidemiology in this population, indicating that impairment category and sport level should be taken into account when developing injury prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sietske C M Luijten
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Joske Nauta
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas W J Janssen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre|Reade, the Netherlands; Center for Adapted Sports Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Sport Science, the Netherlands
| | - Jasmijn F M Holla
- Center of Expertise Prevention in Care and Welfare, Faculty of Health, Sports and Social Work, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre|Reade, the Netherlands; Center for Adapted Sports Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Sport Science, the Netherlands
| | - Simone C N Jenniskens
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nielsen R, Ramskov D, Blacket CT, Malisoux L. Running-Related Injuries Among More Than 7000 Runners in 87 Different Countries: The Garmin-RUNSAFE Running Health Study. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024; 54:1-9. [PMID: 37970820 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2023.11959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe the cumulative injury proportion after 1000 and 2000 km of running among runners from 87 countries worldwide using wearable devices. Secondly, examine if the cumulative injury proportion differed between runners from different countries. DESIGN: Cohort study with an 18-month follow-up. METHODS: Runners aged ≥18 years who were familiar with the English language, and who were using a Garmin sports watch that supported tracking of running were eligible for inclusion. The exposure was residential country; self-reported running-related injury was the primary outcome. A generalized linear model was used to estimate the cumulative injury proportion for each country and the cumulative risk difference between the countries (country with the lowest risk used as reference). Data were analyzed at 1000 and 2000 km. RESULTS: The proportions of injured runners among the 7605 included runners from 87 different countries were 57.6% [95% CI: 56.9%, 59.0%] at 1000 km and 69.8% [95% CI: 68.3%, 71.4%] at 2000 km. Runners from the Czech Republic (40.3% [95% CI: 28.7%, 51.9%]), Austria (41.1% [95% CI: 25.9%, 52.2%]), and Germany (41.9% [95% CI: 36.0%, 47.9%]) had the lowest cumulative injury proportions at 1000 km, whereas Ireland (75.4% [95% CI: 60.4%, 90.4%]), Great Britain and Northern Ireland (73.2% [95% CI: 69.3%, 77.1%]), and Finland (67.5% [95% CI: 47.2%, 87.7%]) had the highest proportions. At 2000 km, Poland (47.7% [95% CI: 36.0%, 59.4%]), Slovenia (52.2% [95% CI: 28.5%, 75.8%]), and Croatia (54.2% [95% CI: 35.6%, 72.7%]) had the lowest proportions of injured runners. The highest cumulative injury proportions were reported in Great Britain and Northern Ireland (83.6% [95% CI: 79.6%, 87.6%]) and the Netherlands (78.3% [95% CI: 70.6%, 85.9%]). CONCLUSION: More than half of the population of adult runners from 87 countries using wearable devices sustained a running-related injury during follow-up. There were considerable between-country differences in injury proportions. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024;54(2):1-9. Epub 16 November 2023. doi:10.2519/jospt.2023.11959.
Collapse
|
7
|
Nguyen AP, Abeels N, Van Brussel R, Pairot de Fontenay B. A Randomized Pilot Study Comparing the Impact of Strengthening-Based Running Training with Only Running on the Incidence of Running-Related Injuries among Novice Runners. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:25. [PMID: 38251299 PMCID: PMC10820279 DOI: 10.3390/sports12010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Running-related injuries (RRI) are common in novice runners. Reducing early training running volume with strengthening activities may improve RRI without impeding running performance. OBJECTIVES 1. Gather feasibility data for a randomized, controlled trial comparing a strengthening-based program to a conventional running program; 2. Assess RRI; and 3. Assess running performance. METHODS Seventy-four university students (38 females, 21 ± 2.3 years, 68.2 ± 10.8 kg, BMI: 22.6 ± 2.97), all novice runners, were randomized in two groups, i.e., a strengthening and running group (INT) and a running group (CON). The completed sessions, RRI, dropout, and maximal aerobic speed were recorded through an online application. RESULTS The INT group had 52.6% attrition, while the CON group had 41.7%. The INT group had 56.6% adherence, while the CON group had 45.7%. The Chi-square test showed no significant difference in RRI incidence across groups (CHI2 = 2.958, p value = 0.08). A two-way ANOVA showed no significant difference in maximal aerobic speed across groups (p = 0.822) or before and after training (p = 0.304). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study confirmed the feasibility of this randomized, controlled trial with a needed sample size of 194. However, novice runners had greater attrition rates when starting. Based on those limited data, strengthening activities that replaced running volume did not improve RRI or maximal aerobic speed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh Phong Nguyen
- NeuroMusculoSKeletal Laboratory (NMSK), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 53, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Faculté des Sciences de la Motricité, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Pierre de Courbertin 1, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
- The Running Clinic, Lac Beauport, QC G3B 2J8, Canada;
| | - Noé Abeels
- Faculté des Sciences de la Motricité, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Pierre de Courbertin 1, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Romain Van Brussel
- Faculté des Sciences de la Motricité, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Pierre de Courbertin 1, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Benoit Pairot de Fontenay
- The Running Clinic, Lac Beauport, QC G3B 2J8, Canada;
- Laboratoire InterUniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Lyon, Rue Raphael Dubois 4, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Ramsay Santé, Clinique de la Sauvegarde, 69009 Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lacey A, Whyte E, O’Keeffe S, O’Connor S, Burke A, Moran K. The Running Injury Continuum: A qualitative examination of recreational runners' description and management of injury. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292369. [PMID: 37792711 PMCID: PMC10550191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A critical step in understanding and preventing running-related injuries (RRIs) is appropriately defining RRIs. Current definitions of RRIs may not represent the full process of injury development, failing to capture lower levels of injury that many athletes continue to train through. Understanding runners' description and management of the injury development process may allow for a more appropriate examination of all levels of injury. This study aimed to examine recreational runners' description and management of the injury development process. METHODS A qualitative focus group study was undertaken. Seven semi-structured focus groups with male (n = 13) and female (n = 18) recreational runners took place. Focus groups were audio and video recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were reflexively thematically analysed. A critical friend approach was taken to data coding. Multiple methods of trustworthiness were executed. RESULTS Runners describe injury on a nine-level continuum, ranging from injury-free to career-ending injury. There are lower and higher levels of injury. Each level of injury is described across four categories of descriptors; physical description, outcome (effect on running and daily life), psychological description, and management. CONCLUSION The Running Injury Continuum is a tool that can be used for injury surveillance (for healthcare professionals and researchers) and for research investigating RRI risk factors. Healthcare professionals, researchers and coaches must ensure they monitor the development of all levels of RRIs, across all categories of descriptors. Runners need to be educated regarding appropriate self-management strategies for lower level injuries, with access to evidence-based information being a critical management tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Lacey
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Enda Whyte
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinéad O’Keeffe
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhán O’Connor
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Burke
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran Moran
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
van der Does H, Kemler E, Gouttebarge V. Can running-related injuries be prevented through an online behavioural intervention in adult novice runners? Results of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001522. [PMID: 37265778 PMCID: PMC10231018 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the Runfitcheck on time until the onset of a new running-related injury (RRI) among adult novice runners. Methods A three-arm randomised controlled trial was conducted over 7 months. Adult novice runners completed a baseline online questionnaire on their characteristics, running activity, RRIs and injury preventive behaviour. Runners were randomly allocated to one of two intervention groups or the control group (n=238). One intervention group obtained access to the Runfitcheck (n=252), an online intervention to encourage injury preventive behaviour, and was fortnightly promoted to use Runfitcheck; the other intervention group (n=251) was directed towards the Runfitcheck once. Runners were followed for 4 months, not all starting at the same time over 7 months. The main outcome measure was time to a new RRI using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Injury Questionnaire, and was analysed with survival analysis Cox regression. Generalised estimating equations (GEE) were used to gain insight into the effectiveness of the Runfitcheck. Results The time to the occurrence of the first RRI did not differ between the study groups (Wald χ2=0.893). GEE analysis showed no difference in the risk of a new RRI in the group that was referred to the Runfitcheck once (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.74) nor in the active approach group (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.45) compared with the control group. Furthermore, the onset of the new RRIs did not change over time (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.01). Conclusions The online intervention Runfitcheck was ineffective in reducing the instantaneous risk of new RRIs in adult novice runners. More research is needed to determine how injuries in novice runners can be prevented. Trial registration number Dutch Trial Registry (ID: NL7823).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Kemler
- Dutch Consumer Safety Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Gouttebarge
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), IOC Research Center of Excellence, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Musculoskeletal Health, Sports, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peterson B, Searle A, Spink M, Hawke F, Callister R, Chuter V. Going their own way–male recreational runners and running-related injuries: A qualitative thematic analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273401. [PMID: 36006999 PMCID: PMC9409521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Recreational running is one of the most common physical leisure activities worldwide and is associated with high rates of running related injury (RRI). Little is known of the perceptions of male recreational runners regarding the aetiology and management of RRI. Design Utilising an interpretive phenomenological analysis framework, qualitative data was gathered from participants via interview, and reflexive thematic analysis was used to develop insights into the experiences and perceptions of the participants in relation to RRI. Materials and methods Two focus groups with a total of six (mean age 37.8 ± 9.5 years, 16.5 ± 13.1 years running experience) male recreational runners were used to obtain data regarding their understanding of RRI causation, prevention and management. Interviews were evaluated using a six-phase reflexive thematic analysis approach to generate and interpret themes within the data. Results Three themes (Mind, Body and Education) were identified by the analysis as critical to RRI avoidance. Mind refers to the self-understanding and self-management of personal limits required for RRI prevention. Body reflects a degree of physical conditioning necessary for injury free running, while Education indicates an understanding of how to correctly structure a running program. When viewed together these themes can be seen to form an ‘internal locus of injury’ model which highlights the runners’ beliefs that RRI are related to their decisions regarding training and running, and that avoidance of injury lies within their personal control. Conclusion Recreational runners rely on self-management, in preference to professional advice, to manage training loads, fitness and RRI. Health care professionals involved with this population may consider the use of online resources, a preferred option of runners, to assist runners to build their knowledge base and support their development to experienced runners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Peterson
- Department of Podiatry, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, College of Heath, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Central Coast Campus, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Angela Searle
- School of Health Sciences, College of Heath, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Central Coast Campus, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin Spink
- School of Health Sciences, College of Heath, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Central Coast Campus, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Hawke
- School of Health Sciences, College of Heath, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Central Coast Campus, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
| | - Robin Callister
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Heath, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivienne Chuter
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kemler E, Valkenberg H, Verhagen E. More people more active, but there is a counter site. Novice athletes are at highest risk of injury in a large population-based retrospective cross-sectional study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001255. [PMID: 35136658 PMCID: PMC8788309 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate whether in fitness-related activities and recreational running over time, there is an increase in the number of novice sports athletes and whether these novice athletes have an increased injury rate compared with their experienced counterparts. Methods Data were collected from a large population-based retrospective cross-sectional study, ‘Injuries and Physical Activity in the Netherlands’ (IPAN). Athletes aged ≥18 years were included. We used descriptive statistics to describe the characteristics of athletes and their injuries. The number of athletes and injuries were calculated for each year and, where applicable, for each sport separately. The injury incidence rate was expressed as the number of injuries per 1000 hours of exposure. Logistic regression analyses were performed with non-extrapolated data to analyse the differences in injury risk for novice and experienced athletes included in this study, separate for fitness-related activities and running. Results Over the 5 years, 9209 fitness athletes reported 370 fitness-related injuries, 5426 runners reported 537 running-related injuries. Weighted data showed that, in 2010–2014, the inflow of novice fitness athletes slightly decreased, whereas the inflow of novice runners slightly increased. In each year, injury risk was higher in novice athletes compared with experienced athletes for both fitness-related activities and running. The injury incidence rates in running are much higher than in fitness-related activities. Conclusions Over the years 2010–2014, the absolute number of novice athletes in fitness-related activities and running together increased. Although most injuries occurred in experienced athletes, injury risk was higher in novice athletes in both sports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Kemler
- Dutch Consumer Safety Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centers – Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|