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Reeve J, Maden M, Hill R, Turk A, Mahtani K, Wong G, Lasserson D, Krska J, Mangin D, Byng R, Wallace E, Ranson E. Deprescribing medicines in older people living with multimorbidity and polypharmacy: the TAILOR evidence synthesis. Health Technol Assess 2022; 26:1-148. [PMID: 35894932 DOI: 10.3310/aafo2475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tackling problematic polypharmacy requires tailoring the use of medicines to individual needs and circumstances. This may involve stopping medicines (deprescribing) but patients and clinicians report uncertainty on how best to do this. The TAILOR medication synthesis sought to help understand how best to support deprescribing in older people living with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. OBJECTIVES We identified two research questions: (1) what evidence exists to support the safe, effective and acceptable stopping of medication in this patient group, and (2) how, for whom and in what contexts can safe and effective tailoring of clinical decisions related to medication use work to produce desired outcomes? We thus described three objectives: (1) to undertake a robust scoping review of the literature on stopping medicines in this group to describe what is being done, where and for what effect; (2) to undertake a realist synthesis review to construct a programme theory that describes 'best practice' and helps explain the heterogeneity of deprescribing approaches; and (3) to translate findings into resources to support tailored prescribing in clinical practice. DATA SOURCES Experienced information specialists conducted comprehensive searches in MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), Joanna Briggs Institute Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, Google (Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) and Google Scholar (targeted searches). REVIEW METHODS The scoping review followed the five steps described by the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for conducting a scoping review. The realist review followed the methodological and publication standards for realist reviews described by the Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards (RAMESES) group. Patient and public involvement partners ensured that our analysis retained a patient-centred focus. RESULTS Our scoping review identified 9528 abstracts: 8847 were removed at screening and 662 were removed at full-text review. This left 20 studies (published between 2009 and 2020) that examined the effectiveness, safety and acceptability of deprescribing in adults (aged ≥ 50 years) with polypharmacy (five or more prescribed medications) and multimorbidity (two or more conditions). Our analysis revealed that deprescribing under research conditions mapped well to expert guidance on the steps needed for good clinical practice. Our findings offer evidence-informed support to clinicians regarding the safety, clinician acceptability and potential effectiveness of clinical decision-making that demonstrates a structured approach to deprescribing decisions. Our realist review identified 2602 studies with 119 included in the final analysis. The analysis outlined 34 context-mechanism-outcome configurations describing the knowledge work of tailored prescribing under eight headings related to organisational, health-care professional and patient factors, and interventions to improve deprescribing. We conclude that robust tailored deprescribing requires attention to providing an enabling infrastructure, access to data, tailored explanations and trust. LIMITATIONS Strict application of our definition of multimorbidity during the scoping review may have had an impact on the relevance of the review to clinical practice. The realist review was limited by the data (evidence) available. CONCLUSIONS Our combined reviews recognise deprescribing as a complex intervention and provide support for the safety of structured approaches to deprescribing, but also highlight the need to integrate patient-centred and contextual factors into best practice models. FUTURE WORK The TAILOR study has informed new funded research tackling deprescribing in sleep management, and professional education. Further research is being developed to implement tailored prescribing into routine primary care practice. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42018107544 and PROSPERO CRD42018104176. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 26, No. 32. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Reeve
- Academy of Primary Care, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Michelle Maden
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ruaraidh Hill
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amadea Turk
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kamal Mahtani
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Geoff Wong
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dan Lasserson
- Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Janet Krska
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Greenwich and Kent, Chatham, UK
| | - Dee Mangin
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Byng
- Community and Primary Care Research Group, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Emma Wallace
- Department of General Practice, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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Ibrahim K, Cox NJ, Stevenson JM, Lim S, Fraser SDS, Roberts HC. A systematic review of the evidence for deprescribing interventions among older people living with frailty. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:258. [PMID: 33865310 PMCID: PMC8052791 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older people living with frailty are often exposed to polypharmacy and potential harm from medications. Targeted deprescribing in this population represents an important component of optimizing medication. This systematic review aims to summarise the current evidence for deprescribing among older people living with frailty. METHODS The literature was searched using Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library up to May 2020. Interventional studies with any design or setting were included if they reported deprescribing interventions among people aged 65+ who live with frailty identified using reliable measures. The primary outcome was safety of deprescribing; whereas secondary outcomes included clinical outcomes, medication-related outcomes, feasibility, acceptability and cost-related outcomes. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise findings and study quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. RESULTS Two thousand three hundred twenty-two articles were identified and six (two randomised controlled trials) were included with 657 participants in total (mean age range 79-87 years). Studies were heterogeneous in their designs, settings and outcomes. Deprescribing interventions were pharmacist-led (n = 3) or multidisciplinary team-led (n = 3). Frailty was identified using several measures and deprescribing was implemented using either explicit or implicit tools or both. Three studies reported safety outcomes and showed no significant changes in adverse events, hospitalisation or mortality rates. Three studies reported positive impact on clinical outcomes including depression, mental health status, function and frailty; with mixed findings on falls and cognition; and no significant impact on quality of life. All studies described medication-related outcomes and reported a reduction in potentially inappropriate medications and total number of medications per-patient. Feasibility of deprescribing was reported in four studies which showed that 72-91% of recommendations made were implemented. Two studies evaluated and reported the acceptability of their interventions and further two described cost saving. CONCLUSION There is a paucity of research about the impact of deprescribing in older people living with frailty. However, included studies suggest that deprescribing could be safe, feasible, well tolerated and can lead to important benefits. Research should now focus on understanding the impact of deprescribing on frailty status in high risk populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION The review was registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) ID number: CRD42019153367 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinda Ibrahim
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, Southampton, UK.
| | - Natalie J Cox
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS FT, Southampton, UK
| | - Jennifer M Stevenson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
- Pharmacy Department, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS FT, London, UK
| | - Stephen Lim
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, Southampton, UK
| | - Simon D S Fraser
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, Southampton, UK
- Primary Care, Population Science and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Helen C Roberts
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, Southampton, UK
- Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS FT, Southampton, UK
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Does deprescribing in older people improve outcomes? Drug Ther Bull 2020; 58:132. [PMID: 32581067 DOI: 10.1136/dtb.2020.000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Review of: Shrestha S, Poudel A, Steadman K, et al Outcomes of deprescribing interventions in older patients with life-limiting illness and limited life expectancy: a systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; doi: 10.1111/bcp.14113 [Epub ahead of print 4 September 2019].
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Person-Centred Care Including Deprescribing for Older People. PHARMACY 2019; 7:pharmacy7030101. [PMID: 31349584 PMCID: PMC6789714 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy7030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is concern internationally that many older people are using an inappropriate number of medicines, and that complex combinations of medicines may cause more harm than good. This article discusses how person-centred medicines optimisation for older people can be conducted in clinical practice, including the process of deprescribing. The evidence supports that if clinicians actively include people in decision making, it leads to better outcomes. We share techniques, frameworks, and tools that can be used to deprescribe safely whilst placing the person’s views, values, and beliefs about their medicines at the heart of any deprescribing discussions. This includes the person-centred approach to deprescribing (seven steps), which incorporates the identification of the person’s priorities and the clinician’s priorities in relation to treatment with medication and promotes shared decision making, agreed goals, good communication, and follow up. The authors believe that delivering deprescribing consultations in this manner is effective, as the person is integral to the deprescribing decision-making process, and we illustrate how this approach can be applied in real-life case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Duerden
- Bangor University, Centre for Health Economics and Medicines Evaluation, Ardudwy, Bangor University, Normal Site,, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
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Rieckert A, Trampisch US, Klaaßen-Mielke R, Drewelow E, Esmail A, Johansson T, Keller S, Kunnamo I, Löffler C, Mäkinen J, Piccoliori G, Vögele A, Sönnichsen A. Polypharmacy in older patients with chronic diseases: a cross-sectional analysis of factors associated with excessive polypharmacy. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2018; 19:113. [PMID: 30021528 PMCID: PMC6052592 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-018-0795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polypharmacy is common in older people and associated with potential harms. The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of an older multimorbid population with polypharmacy and to identify factors contributing to excessive polypharmacy in these patients. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis is based on the PRIMA-eDS trial, a large randomised controlled multicentre study of polypharmacy in primary care. Patients' baseline data were used for analysis. A number of socioeconomic and medical data as well as SF-12-scores were entered into a generalized linear mixed model to identify variables associated with excessive polypharmacy (taking ≥10 substances daily). RESULTS Three thousand nine hundred four participants were recruited. Risk factors significantly associated with excessive polypharmacy were frailty (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.22-1.71), > 8 diagnoses (OR 2.64; 95% CI 2.24-3.11), BMI ≥30 (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.02-1.38), a lower SF-12 physical health composite score (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.26-1.72), and a lower SF-12 mental health composite score (OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.17-1.59) than the median of the study population (≤36.6 and ≤ 48.7, respectively). Age ≥ 85 years (OR 0.83; 95% CI 0.70-0.99) led to a significantly lower risk for excessive polypharmacy. No association with excessive polypharmacy could be found for female sex, low educational level, and smoking. Regarding the study centres, being recruited in the UK led to a significantly higher risk for excessive polypharmacy compared to being recruited in Germany 1/Rostock (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.27-2.30). Being recruited in Germany 2/Witten led to a slightly significant lower risk for excessive polypharmacy compared to Germany 1/Rostock (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.56-0.97). CONCLUSIONS Frailty, multimorbidity, obesity, and decreased physical as well as mental health status are risk factors for excessive polypharmacy. Sex, educational level, and smoking apparently do not seem to be related to excessive polypharmacy. Physicians should especially pay attention to their frail, obese patients who have multiple diagnoses and a decreased health-related quality of life, to check carefully whether all the drugs prescribed are evidence-based, safe, and do not interact in an unfavourable way. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial has been registered with Current Controlled Trials Ltd. on 31 July 2014 (ISRCTN10137559).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Rieckert
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Ulrike S. Trampisch
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ruhr University, Universitätsstr. 105, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Renate Klaaßen-Mielke
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ruhr University, Universitätsstr. 105, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Eva Drewelow
- Institute of General Practice, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Str. 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Aneez Esmail
- NIHR School of Primary Care Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road 176, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Tim Johansson
- Centre for Primary Care, NIHR School of Primary Care Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Sophie Keller
- Centre for Primary Care, NIHR School of Primary Care Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Ilkka Kunnamo
- Duodecim Medical Publications Ltd., Kaivokatu 10 A, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christin Löffler
- Institute of General Practice, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Str. 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Joonas Mäkinen
- Duodecim Medical Publications Ltd., Kaivokatu 10 A, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giuliano Piccoliori
- South Tyrolean Academy of General Practice, Wangergasse 18, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Anna Vögele
- South Tyrolean Academy of General Practice, Wangergasse 18, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Andreas Sönnichsen
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
- NIHR School of Primary Care Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Road 176, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
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Poots AJ, Jubraj B, Barnett NL. Education around deprescribing: 'spread and embed' the story so far. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2016; 24:7-9. [PMID: 31156890 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2016-001153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Poots
- NIHR CLAHRC Northwest London, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Barry Jubraj
- NIHR CLAHRC Northwest London, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nina L Barnett
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Medicines Use and Safety, NHS Specialist Pharmacy Service, England and London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Middx, Harrow, UK
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