Is fasting necessary before prilocaine Bier's block?

Regional anaesthesia in trauma

Regional anaesthesia is very effective in alleviating pain due to trauma, and is also used to provide anaesthesia for trauma surgery. It has the advantage of producing localized but complete pain relief, whilst avoiding the side effects of systemic analgesics or anaesthetics. However, regional anaesthetic drugs and techniques have potentially life-threatening complications, which the practitioner must be able to manage. This article discusses the use of regional anaesthesia, and the benefits and disadvantages of specific regional techniques in various traumatic conditions.

Axillary brachial plexus block--an underused technique in the accident and emergency department

OBJECTIVE

To compare axillary brachial plexus block and Bier's block as methods of providing upper limb anaesthesia.

METHODS

Axillary brachial plexus or Bier's blocks were performed on all patients requiring upper limb anaesthesia in a three month period. For Bier's block, a single cuff tourniquet and 3 mg/kg 0.5% prilocaine were used. For axillary plexus block, 40 ml 1% lignocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000) were used, given by perivascular or transarterial technique. Prospective analysis was made of time to complete limb anaesthesia, type of procedure performed, and duration of limb anaesthesia. Patient perception of analgesia and satisfaction with the method of anaesthesia was assessed using a 10 point visual analogue scale.

RESULTS

75 patients underwent procedures requiring upper limb anaesthesia; 39 received axillary plexus block and 36 Bier's block. 72% of Bier's blocks and 77% of axillary plexus provided complete anaesthesia without the need for supplemental analgesia. The median time to onset of anaesthesia was 10 min for Bier's block and 32.5 min for axillary block (P < 0.001). The median duration of anaesthesia was 15 min for Bier's block and 240 min for axillary block (P < 0.001). Mean scores for analgesia were 9.7 for axillary blocks and 8.8 for Bier's block (P < 0.001). 87% of the axillary block group were completely satisfied with the method of anaesthesia, compared with 56% of the Bier's block group.

CONCLUSIONS

Brachial plexus blocks are an alternative form of providing upper limb anaesthesia in the accident and emergency department. They are relatively simple to perform, well tolerated by patients, and have the advantage of providing prolonged analgesia without the need for additional medication.