Inhibitors of collagenolytic enzymes in the serum of patients with chronic liver disorders

Dynamics of collagen accumulation and activity of collagen-degrading enzymes in the liver of rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis

Liver fibrosis in rats was induced by repeated subcutaneous injections of carbon tetrachloride. Total collagen, soluble and insoluble collagen fractions as well as type I and type III collagen content in the liver were subsequently measured over a 3-18 week period. Liver collagen was found to increase exponentially during this time. Insoluble collagen accumulated more rapidly than soluble forms, and the accumulation of type III collagen was relatively greater than type I collagen. Changes in specific liver enzymes were also observed. Collagenase, collagenolytic cathepsin and collagen peptidase activities all increased. Levels of collagen-degrading enzymes increased rapidly during the first weeks of fibrosis-induction, and were followed by a more gradual increase during the remainder of the study.

Mechanisms by which acute phase proteins enhance development of liver fibrosis: effects on collagenase and prolyl-4-hydroxylase activity in the rat liver

Previous experiments showed that the presence of high levels of acute phase reactants (APR) enhance CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in the rat. A high correlation was found between the degree of fibrosis and alpha 2-macroglobulin of the rat (alpha 2-macrofetoprotein, alpha M-FP) used for monitoring the acute phase response. This acute phase reaction was provoked by epinephrine just before CCl4 treatment was started. In the present study we analyzed the effect of APR by repeating these experiments and estimating liver neutral collagenase with a synthetic substrate and endogenous collagen as a substrate, and liver prolyl-4-hydroxylase. A strong depression of liver collagenase activity was found in rats with a preceding acute phase reaction contrary to the rats that underwent CCl4 treatment only. A high level of alpha M-FP correlated negatively with collagenase activity. Also in vitro alpha M-FP proved to inhibit collagenase activity. Prolyl-4-hydroxylase was increased in the rats during acute phase reaction and correlated highly and positively with alpha M-FP, haptoglobin, and ceruloplasmin. Thus high levels of APR promote development of CCl4-induced fibrosis, partly by anticollagenase activity and partly because of enhancement of prolyl-4-hydroxylase activity. The latter phenomenon can also be explained by the presence of APR, but this has to be proved.