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Feng Y, Ning L, Zhang J, Wang H, Zhang H, Zhang R, Deng Z, Ni Y, Ye Y, Ma A, Zhang Y, Wang T. Prognosis and subtype analysis of left ventricular noncompaction in adults: A retrospective multicenter study. Clin Cardiol 2023; 46:390-396. [PMID: 36779545 PMCID: PMC10106667 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a heterogeneous myocardial disorder with an uncertain prognosis. There was a lack of studies on LVNC subtypes at present. This study sought to identify the prognosis of the overall population of LVNC and to describe the distribution of different subtypes and compare their prognosis. HYPOTHESIS Patients with different subtypes of LVNC may have different prognoses. METHODS Patients who fulfilled the Jenni criteria and/or Petersen criteria were included. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were defined as a combination of heart failure (HF) hospitalization and all-cause mortality. RESULTS A total of 200 patients from four hospitals were included. The mean age at diagnosis was 48.2 years, and 61.5% of the patients were male. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50% was present in 54% of the patients. Over a mean retrospective time period of 22.2 months, 47 (23.5%) patients experienced MACE. Age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.06; p = .004), LVEF < 50% (HR 2.32; 95% CI 1.09-4.91; p = .028) and ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (HR 2.17; 95% CI 1.08-4.37; p = .03) were significantly associated with the risk of MACE. The most common subtype was dilated LVNC (51.3%), followed by benign LVNC (21.3%) and LVNC with arrhythmias (10.5%). Patients with dilated LVNC had significantly increased cumulative incidence of MACE, HF hospitalization, and all-cause mortality (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Age, LVEF < 50%, and ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation were independent risk factors for prognosis of LVNC. The most common subtype was dilated LVNC, which had a worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Feng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lili Ning
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Huaigen Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hanzhao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ruochen Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhengrong Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yajuan Ni
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yulan Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Aiqun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tingzhong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Minja NW, Nakagaayi D, Aliku T, Zhang W, Ssinabulya I, Nabaale J, Amutuhaire W, de Loizaga SR, Ndagire E, Rwebembera J, Okello E, Kayima J. Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1008335. [PMID: 36440012 PMCID: PMC9686438 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1008335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2015, the United Nations set important targets to reduce premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths by 33% by 2030. Africa disproportionately bears the brunt of CVD burden and has one of the highest risks of dying from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. There is currently an epidemiological transition on the continent, where NCDs is projected to outpace communicable diseases within the current decade. Unchecked increases in CVD risk factors have contributed to the growing burden of three major CVDs-hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and atherosclerotic diseases- leading to devastating rates of stroke and heart failure. The highest age standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to hypertensive heart disease (HHD) were recorded in Africa. The contributory causes of heart failure are changing-whilst HHD and cardiomyopathies still dominate, ischemic heart disease is rapidly becoming a significant contributor, whilst rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has shown a gradual decline. In a continent where health systems are traditionally geared toward addressing communicable diseases, several gaps exist to adequately meet the growing demand imposed by CVDs. Among these, high-quality research to inform interventions, underfunded health systems with high out-of-pocket costs, limited accessibility and affordability of essential medicines, CVD preventive services, and skill shortages. Overall, the African continent progress toward a third reduction in premature mortality come 2030 is lagging behind. More can be done in the arena of effective policy implementation for risk factor reduction and CVD prevention, increasing health financing and focusing on strengthening primary health care services for prevention and treatment of CVDs, whilst ensuring availability and affordability of quality medicines. Further, investing in systematic country data collection and research outputs will improve the accuracy of the burden of disease data and inform policy adoption on interventions. This review summarizes the current CVD burden, important gaps in cardiovascular medicine in Africa, and further highlights priority areas where efforts could be intensified in the next decade with potential to improve the current rate of progress toward achieving a 33% reduction in CVD mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema W. Minja
- Rheumatic Heart Disease Research Collaborative, Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala, Uganda
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute (KCRI), Moshi, Tanzania
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Doreen Nakagaayi
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala, Uganda
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Twalib Aliku
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Wanzhu Zhang
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Isaac Ssinabulya
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Juliet Nabaale
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Willington Amutuhaire
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sarah R. de Loizaga
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Emma Ndagire
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Emmy Okello
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - James Kayima
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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Filho DCS, do Rêgo Aquino PL, de Souza Silva G, Fabro CB. Left Ventricular Noncompaction: New Insights into a Poorly Understood Disease. Curr Cardiol Rev 2021; 17:209-216. [PMID: 32674738 PMCID: PMC8226207 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x16666200716151015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a congenital pathology that directly affects the lining walls of myocardial tissue, causing trabeculations with blood filling in the inner wall of the heart, concomitantly with the development of a mesocardial thinning. Although LVNC was described for the first time as long ago as 1984, our understanding of the disease with regard to its genetic pattern, diagnosis, clinical presentation and treatment is still scanty. LVNC can present as an isolated condition or associated with congenital heart disease, genetic syndromes or neuromuscular disease. This suggests that LVNC is not a distinct form of cardiomyopathy, but rather a morphological expression of different diseases. Recognition of the disease is of fundamental importance because its clinical manifestations are variable, ranging from the absence of any symptom to congestive heart failure, lethal arrhythmias and thromboembolic events. The study of this disease has emphasized its genetic aspects, as it may be of sporadic origin or hereditary, in which case it most commonly has an autosomal dominant inheritance or one linked to the X chromosome. Echocardiography is the gold standard for diagnosis, and magnetic resonance imaging may refine the identification of the disease, especially in those patients with non-conclusive echocardiography. This article sets out to review the main characteristics of LVNC and present updates, especially in the genetic pattern, diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dário C. Sobral Filho
- Address correspondence to this author at the R. dos Palmares - Santo Amaro, 252, Recife - PE, zipcode: 50.100-060, Brazil; E-mail:
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Yuyun MF, Bonny A, Ng GA, Sliwa K, Kengne AP, Chin A, Mocumbi AO, Ngantcha M, Ajijola OA, Bukhman G. A Systematic Review of the Spectrum of Cardiac Arrhythmias in Sub-Saharan Africa. Glob Heart 2020; 15:37. [PMID: 32923331 PMCID: PMC7413135 DOI: 10.5334/gh.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Major structural cardiovascular diseases are associated with cardiac arrhythmias, but their full spectrum remains unknown in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), which we addressed in this systematic review. Atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AF/AFL) prevalence is 16-22% in heart failure, 10-28% in rheumatic heart disease, 3-7% in cardiology admissions, but <1% in the general population. Use of oral anticoagulation is heterogenous (9-79%) across SSA. The epidemiology of sudden cardiac arrest/death is less characterized in SSA. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is challenging, owing to low awareness and lack of equipment for life-support. About 18% of SSA countries have no cardiac implantable electronic devices services, leaving hundreds of millions of people without any access to treatment for advanced bradyarrhythmias, and implant rates are more than 200-fold lower than in the western world. Management of tachyarrhythmias is largely non-invasive (about 80% AF/AFL via rate-controlled strategy only), as electrophysiological study and catheter ablation centers are almost non-existent in most countries. Highlights - Atrial fibrillation/flutter prevalence is 16-22% in heart failure, 10-28% in rheumatic heart disease, 3-7% in cardiology admissions, and <1% in the general population in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).- Rates of oral anticoagulation use for CHA2DS2VASC score ≥2 are very diverse (9-79%) across SSA countries.- Data on sudden cardiac arrest are scant in SSA with low cardiopulmonary resuscitation awareness.- Low rates of cardiac implantable electronic devices insertions and rarity of invasive arrhythmia treatment centers are seen in SSA, relative to the high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F. Yuyun
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, US
- Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, US
| | - Aimé Bonny
- District Hospital Bonassama, Douala/University of Douala, CM
- Homeland Heart Centre, Douala, CM
- Centre Hospitalier Montfermeil, Unité de Rythmologie, Montfermeil, FR
| | - G. André Ng
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, UK
| | - Karen Sliwa
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, ZA
| | - Andre Pascal Kengne
- South African Medical Research Council and Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, ZA
| | - Ashley Chin
- The Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, ZA
| | - Ana Olga Mocumbi
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, MZ
| | | | | | - Gene Bukhman
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, US
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, US
- Program in Global NCDs and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, US
- NCD Synergies project, Partners In Health, Boston, US
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Aung N, Doimo S, Ricci F, Sanghvi MM, Pedrosa C, Woodbridge SP, Al-Balah A, Zemrak F, Khanji MY, Munroe PB, Naci H, Petersen SE. Prognostic Significance of Left Ventricular Noncompaction: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 13:e009712. [PMID: 31959004 PMCID: PMC7012350 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.119.009712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) has been associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events, the accurate incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is unknown. We, therefore, aimed to assess the incidence rate of LVNC-related cardiovascular events. METHODS We systematically searched observational studies reporting the adverse outcomes related to LVNC. The primary end point was cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS We identified 28 eligible studies enrolling 2501 LVNC patients (mean age, 46 years; male/female ratio, 1.7). After a median follow-up of 2.9 years, the pooled event rate for cardiovascular mortality was 1.92 (95% CI, 1.54-2.30) per 100 person-years. LVNC patients had a similar risk of cardiovascular mortality compared with a dilated cardiomyopathy control group (odds ratio, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.18-6.67]). The incidence rates of all-cause mortality, stroke and systemic emboli, heart failure admission, cardiac transplantation, ventricular arrhythmias, and cardiac device implantation were 2.16, 1.54, 3.53, 1.24, 2.17, and 2.66, respectively, per 100 person-years. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses revealed that left ventricular ejection fraction, not the extent of left ventricular trabeculation, had an important influence on the variability of incidence rates. The risks of thromboembolism and ventricular arrhythmias in LVNC patients were similar to dilated cardiomyopathy patients. However, LVNC patients had a higher incidence of heart failure hospitalization than dilated cardiomyopathy patients. CONCLUSIONS Patients with LVNC carry a similar cardiovascular risk when compared with dilated cardiomyopathy patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction-a conventional indicator of heart failure severity, not the extent of trabeculation-appears to be an important determinant of adverse outcomes in LVNC patients. Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ Unique identifier: CRD42018096313.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nay Aung
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre at Barts, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, United Kingdom (N.A., M.M.S., C.P., S.P.W., F.Z., M.Y.K., P.B.M., S.E.P.)
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom (N.A., M.M.S., F.Z., M.Y.K., P.B.M., S.E.P.)
| | - Sara Doimo
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, University of Trieste, Italy (S.D.)
| | - Fabrizio Ricci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy (F.R.)
| | - Mihir M. Sanghvi
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre at Barts, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, United Kingdom (N.A., M.M.S., C.P., S.P.W., F.Z., M.Y.K., P.B.M., S.E.P.)
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom (N.A., M.M.S., F.Z., M.Y.K., P.B.M., S.E.P.)
| | - Cesar Pedrosa
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre at Barts, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, United Kingdom (N.A., M.M.S., C.P., S.P.W., F.Z., M.Y.K., P.B.M., S.E.P.)
| | - Simon P. Woodbridge
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre at Barts, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, United Kingdom (N.A., M.M.S., C.P., S.P.W., F.Z., M.Y.K., P.B.M., S.E.P.)
| | - Amer Al-Balah
- Imperial College London, Kensington, United Kingdom (A.A.-B.)
| | - Filip Zemrak
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre at Barts, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, United Kingdom (N.A., M.M.S., C.P., S.P.W., F.Z., M.Y.K., P.B.M., S.E.P.)
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom (N.A., M.M.S., F.Z., M.Y.K., P.B.M., S.E.P.)
| | - Mohammed Y. Khanji
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre at Barts, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, United Kingdom (N.A., M.M.S., C.P., S.P.W., F.Z., M.Y.K., P.B.M., S.E.P.)
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom (N.A., M.M.S., F.Z., M.Y.K., P.B.M., S.E.P.)
| | - Patricia B. Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre at Barts, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, United Kingdom (N.A., M.M.S., C.P., S.P.W., F.Z., M.Y.K., P.B.M., S.E.P.)
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom (N.A., M.M.S., F.Z., M.Y.K., P.B.M., S.E.P.)
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (P.B.M.)
| | - Huseyin Naci
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom (H.N.)
| | - Steffen E. Petersen
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre at Barts, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, United Kingdom (N.A., M.M.S., C.P., S.P.W., F.Z., M.Y.K., P.B.M., S.E.P.)
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom (N.A., M.M.S., F.Z., M.Y.K., P.B.M., S.E.P.)
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Clinical and genetic insights into non-compaction: a meta-analysis and systematic review on 7598 individuals. Clin Res Cardiol 2019; 108:1297-1308. [PMID: 30980206 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-019-01465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular non-compaction has been increasingly diagnosed in recent years. However, it is still debated whether non-compaction is a pathological condition or a physiological trait. In this meta-analysis and systematic review, we compare studies, which investigated these two different perspectives. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive overview on the clinical outcome as well as genetic background of left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy in adult patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrieved PubMed/Medline literatures in English language from 2000 to 19/09/2018 on clinical outcome and genotype of patients with non-compaction. We summarized and extensively reviewed all studies that passed selection criteria and performed a meta-analysis on key phenotypic parameters. Altogether, 35 studies with 2271 non-compaction patients were included in our meta-analysis. The mean age at diagnosis was the mid of their fifth decade. Two-thirds of patients were male. Congenital heart diseases including atrial or ventricular septum defect or Ebstein anomaly were reported in 7% of patients. Twenty-four percent presented with family history of cardiomyopathy. The mean frequency of neuromuscular diseases was 5%. Heart rhythm abnormalities were reported frequently: conduction disease in 26%, supraventricular tachycardia in 17%, and sustained or non-sustained ventricular tachycardia in 18% of patients. Three important outcome measures were reported including systemic thromboembolic events with a mean frequency of 9%, heart transplantation with 4%, and adequate ICD therapy with 15%. Nine studies investigated the genetics of non-compaction cardiomyopathy. The most frequently mutated gene was TTN with a pooled frequency of 11%. The average frequency of MYH7 mutations was 9%, for MYBPC3 mutations 5%, and for CASQ2 and LDB3 3% each. TPM1, MIB1, ACTC1, and LMNA mutations had an average frequency of 2% each. Mutations in PLN, HCN4, TAZ, DTNA, TNNT2, and RBM20 were reported with a frequency of 1% each. We also summarized the results of eight studies investigating the non-compaction in altogether 5327 athletes, pregnant women, patients with sickle cell disease, as well as individuals from population-based cohorts, in which the presence of left ventricular hypertrabeculation ranged from 1.3 to 37%. CONCLUSION The summarized data indicate that non-compaction may lead to unfavorable outcome in different cardiomyopathy entities. The presence of key features in a multimodal diagnostic approach could distinguish between benign morphological trait and manifest cardiomyopathy.
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