1
|
Li Y, Xiao J, Li C, Yang M. Memory inflation: Beyond the acute phase of viral infection. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13705. [PMID: 38992867 PMCID: PMC11628752 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory inflation is confirmed as the most commonly dysregulation of host immunity with antigen-independent manner in mammals after viral infection. By generating large numbers of effector/memory and terminal differentiated effector memory CD8+ T cells with diminished naïve subsets, memory inflation is believed to play critical roles in connecting the viral infection and the onset of multiple diseases. Here, we reviewed the current understanding of memory inflated CD8+ T cells in their distinct phenotypic features that different from exhausted subsets; the intrinsic and extrinsic roles in regulating the formation of memory inflation; and the key proteins in maintaining the expansion and proliferation of inflationary populations. More importantly, based on the evidences from both clinic and animal models, we summarized the potential mechanisms of memory inflation to trigger autoimmune neuropathies, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and multiple sclerosis; the correlations of memory inflation between tumorigenesis and resistance of tumour immunotherapies; as well as the effects of memory inflation to facilitate vascular disease progression. To sum up, better understanding of memory inflation could provide us an opportunity to beyond the acute phase of viral infection, and shed a light on the long-term influences of CD8+ T cell heterogeneity in dampen host immune homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Li
- School of Basic Medical SciencesChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Jie Xiao
- Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Chen Li
- Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Mu Yang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
- Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Papazoglou AS, Kyriakoulis KG, Barmpagiannos K, Moysidis DV, Kartas A, Chatzi M, Baroutidou A, Kamperidis V, Ziakas A, Dimopoulos K, Giannakoulas G. Atherosclerotic Risk Factor Prevalence in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis. JACC. ADVANCES 2024; 3:101359. [PMID: 39497945 PMCID: PMC11533079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/07/2024]
Abstract
Background The risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) is comparable to that of the general population and is driven by traditional ASCVD risk factors. Objectives The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of traditional ASCVD risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus [DM], obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity) in ACHD and compare it with the general population. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted up to May 15, 2024, to identify studies (with or without control group) reporting the prevalence of ASCVD risk factors in ACHD. Meta-analyses were conducted to synthesize the prevalence of risk factors and compare it with that of the general population, where applicable. Results We identified 62 studies (30 controlled) encompassing 110,469 ACHD (mean age 39 years; 52% males, 88% with simple/moderate congenital heart disease complexity). Of these, 54% (45%-63%) reported lack of regular exercise, 33% (26%-40%) had hypertension, 18% (14%-22%) were obese, 17% (11%-25%) had dyslipidemia, 12% (9%-14%) were current smokers, and 7% (5%-9%) had DM. The prevalence of ASCVD risk factors was similar in ACHD and controls, with the exception of DM (higher prevalence in ACHD) and smoking (lower prevalence in ACHD). Significant heterogeneity was observed among the included studies, partially explained by differences in age, congenital heart disease complexity, and the presence of cyanosis. Conclusions Except for DM and smoking, the prevalence of traditional ASCVD risk factors is similar in ACHD compared to the general population. Further research is needed to determine whether interventions applied in the general population are also effective in ACHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Konstantinos Barmpagiannos
- First Department of Cardiology, General University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Amalia Baroutidou
- First Department of Cardiology, General University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios Kamperidis
- First Department of Cardiology, General University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Ziakas
- First Department of Cardiology, General University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dimopoulos
- Adult Congenital Heart Centre and Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Giannakoulas
- First Department of Cardiology, General University Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen W, Zhao W, Hao M, Wang Y. lncRNA UCA1 regulates miR-132/Lrrfip1 axis to promote vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230738. [PMID: 37533737 PMCID: PMC10390752 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
UCA1 is predicted to bind to miR-132, which is a key player in the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). This research studied the role of lncRNA UCA1 in atherosclerosis. The binding of UCA1 to miR-132 was proved by dual luciferase activity assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. UCA1 and miR-132 failed to affect each other's expression in VSMCs. UCA1 was upregulated and miR-132 was decreased in atherosclerosis plasma. However, they are not closely correlated across atherosclerosis and control plasma sample. Interestingly, UCA1 suppressed the role of miR-132 in downregulating Lrrfip1 expression and promoting VSMC proliferation. Therefore, UCA1 is downregulated in atherosclerosis and may regulate miR-132/Lrrfip1 axis to promote VSMC proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 82, Xinhua South Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing City, 101100, PR China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, 101100, PR China
| | - Minghui Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, 101100, PR China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing City, 101100, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schipper HS, de Ferranti S. Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk as an Emerging Priority in Pediatrics. Pediatrics 2022; 150:189711. [PMID: 36217888 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-057956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, childhood and adolescence have emerged as an important window of opportunity to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) later in life. Here, we discuss the underlying advances in the field. First, atherosclerosis development starts as early as childhood. Atherogenesis initiates in the iliac arteries and abdominal aorta and subsequently develops in higher regions of the arterial tree, as has been demonstrated in nonhuman primate studies and human autopsy studies. Obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia at a young age can accelerate atherogenesis. Children and adolescents with obesity have a relative risk of ∼ 2.5 for ASCVD mortality later in life, compared to peers with a normal weight. Conversely, early prevention improves long-term cardiovascular outcomes. Second, we review disease-associated factors that add to the traditional risk factors. Various pediatric disorders carry similar or even higher risks of ASCVD than obesity, including chronic inflammatory disorders, organ transplant recipients, familial hypercholesterolemia, endocrine disorders, childhood cancer survivors, chronic kidney diseases, congenital heart diseases, and premature birth, especially after fetal growth restriction. The involved disease-associated factors that fuel atherogenesis are diverse and include inflammation, vascular, and endothelial factors. The diverse and growing list of pediatric groups at risk underscores that cardiovascular risk management has solidly entered the realm of general pediatrics. In a second review in this series, we will, therefore, focus on recent advances in cardiovascular risk assessment and management and their implications for pediatric practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henk S Schipper
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology.,Center for Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah de Ferranti
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pacheco MA, Cardoso SM, Honicky M, Moreno YMF, Lima LRAD, Marcos CS, Back IDC. HDL-Cholesterol in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20210106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
6
|
Octacosanol Modifies Obesity, Expression Profile and Inflammation Response of Hepatic Tissues in High-Fat Diet Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111606. [PMID: 35681357 PMCID: PMC9180418 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity has increased significantly on account of the alterations of living habits, especially changes in eating habits. In this study, we investigated the effect of octacosanol on lipid lowering and its molecular mechanism. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model was used in the study. Thirty C57BL/6J mice were divided into control, HFD, and HFD+Oct groups randomly, and every group included ten mice. The mice of HFD+Oct group were intragastrically administrated 100 mg/kg/day of octacosanol. After 10 weeks for treatment, our results indicated that octacosanol supplementation decreased the body, liver, and adipose tissues weight of HFD mice; levels of TC, TG, and LDL-c were reduced in the plasma of HFD mice; and level of HDL-c were increased. H&E staining indicated that octacosanol supplementation reduces the size of fat droplets of hepatic tissues and adipose cells comparing with the HFD group. Gene chip analysis found that octacosanol regulated 72 genes involved in lipid metabolism in the tissues of liver comparing to the HFD group. IPA pathway network analysis indicated that PPAR and AMPK may play a pivotal role in the lipid-lowering function of octacosanol. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot showed that the octacosanol supplementation caused change of expression levels of AMPK, PPARs, FASN, ACC, SREBP-1c, and SIRT1, which were closely related to lipid metabolism. Taken together, our results suggest that octacosanol supplementation exerts a lipid-decreasing effect in the HFD-fed mice through modulating the lipid metabolism-related signal pathway.
Collapse
|
7
|
Iacobazzi D, Alvino VV, Caputo M, Madeddu P. Accelerated Cardiac Aging in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:892861. [PMID: 35694664 PMCID: PMC9177956 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.892861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) survive into adulthood but develop long-term complications including heart failure (HF). Cellular senescence, classically defined as stable cell cycle arrest, is implicated in biological processes such as embryogenesis, wound healing, and aging. Senescent cells have a complex senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), involving a range of pro-inflammatory factors with important paracrine and autocrine effects on cell and tissue biology. While senescence has been mainly considered as a cause of diseases in the adulthood, it may be also implicated in some of the poor outcomes seen in patients with complex CHD. We propose that patients with CHD suffer from multiple repeated stress from an early stage of the life, which wear out homeostatic mechanisms and cause premature cardiac aging, with this term referring to the time-related irreversible deterioration of the organ physiological functions and integrity. In this review article, we gathered evidence from the literature indicating that growing up with CHD leads to abnormal inflammatory response, loss of proteostasis, and precocious age in cardiac cells. Novel research on this topic may inspire new therapies preventing HF in adult CHD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dietary patterns are associated with central adiposity and carotid intima-media thickness in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4295-4306. [PMID: 34031710 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Unhealthy dietary patterns (DP) in childhood are associated with cardiovascular disease in adulthood. DP in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) are unknown. The aims of this study were to describe DPs of children and adolescents with CHD and to evaluate their associations with central adiposity, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). METHODS A cross-sectional study including 232 children and adolescents with CHD. Dietary data were based on three 24-h dietary recalls. Central adiposity was evaluated by waist circumference. hs-CRPs were determined by nephelometry. The cIMT was measured using ultrasound. DPs were identified using principal component analysis. Data were examined using logistic and linear regressions. RESULTS Six DPs were identified. In multivariable-adjusted analysis, unhealthy DP (high intake of poultry, red meat, cold cuts and processed meats, soft drinks and sweetened beverages) and healthy DP (high intake of fish, eggs, bread, beans, tubers and roots, fruit and fruit juice) were associated with increased and decreased odds of central adiposity, respectively (Odds ratio (OR): 2.10; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.09; 4.02; OR: 0.48 95% CI 0.24; 0.93). Besides, low-fat dairy DP (high intake of low-fat milk and dairy, mixed dishes, ultra-processed breads, candy and chocolate) was inversely associated with cIMT (β: - 0.024; 95% CI - 0.04; - 0.01). CONCLUSION Unhealthy DP seems to increase the risk of central adiposity, while the healthy DP seems to decrease the risk of central adiposity. Still, low-fat dairy DP was inversely associated with cIMT. These findings may be helpful to develop nutrition recommendations for early cardiovascular disease prevention in children and adolescents with CHD.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical atherosclerosis in childhood can be evaluated by carotid intima-media thickness, which is considered a surrogate marker for atherosclerotic disease in adulthood. The aims of this study were to evaluate carotid intima-media thickness and, to investigate associated factors. METHODS Cross-sectional study with children and adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD). Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed. Subclinical atherosclerosis was evaluated by carotid intima-media thickness. Cardiovascular risk factors, such as physical activity, screen time, passive smoke, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, dietary intake, lipid parameters, glycaemia, and C-reactive protein, were also assessed. Factors associated with carotid intima-media thickness were analysed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS The mean carotid intima-media thickness was 0.518 mm and 46.7% had subclinical atherosclerosis (carotid intima-media thickness ≥ 97th percentile). After adjusting for confounding factors, cyanotic CHD (odds ratio: 0.40; 95% confidence interval: 0.20; 0.78), cardiac surgery (odds ratio: 3.17; 95% confidence interval: 1.35; 7.48), and be hospitalised to treat infections (odds ratio: 1.92; 95% confidence interval: 1.04; 3.54) were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION Clinical characteristics related to CHD were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. This finding suggests that the presence of CHD itself is a risk factor for subclinical atherosclerosis. Therefore, the screen and control of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors should be made early and intensively to prevent atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shafi O. Switching of vascular cells towards atherogenesis, and other factors contributing to atherosclerosis: a systematic review. Thromb J 2020; 18:28. [PMID: 33132762 PMCID: PMC7592591 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-020-00240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Onset, development and progression of atherosclerosis are complex multistep processes. Many aspects of atherogenesis are not yet properly known. This study investigates the changes in vasculature that contribute to switching of vascular cells towards atherogenesis, focusing mainly on ageing. Methods Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar were searched for published articles without any date restrictions, involving atherogenesis, vascular homeostasis, aging, gene expression, signaling pathways, angiogenesis, vascular development, vascular cell differentiation and maintenance, vascular stem cells, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Results Atherogenesis is a complex multistep process that unfolds in a sequence. It is caused by alterations in: epigenetics and genetics, signaling pathways, cell circuitry, genome stability, heterotypic interactions between multiple cell types and pathologic alterations in vascular microenvironment. Such alterations involve pathological changes in: Shh, Wnt, NOTCH signaling pathways, TGF beta, VEGF, FGF, IGF 1, HGF, AKT/PI3K/ mTOR pathways, EGF, FOXO, CREB, PTEN, several apoptotic pathways, ET - 1, NF-κB, TNF alpha, angiopoietin, EGFR, Bcl - 2, NGF, BDNF, neurotrophins, growth factors, several signaling proteins, MAPK, IFN, TFs, NOs, serum cholesterol, LDL, ephrin, its receptor pathway, HoxA5, Klf3, Klf4, BMPs, TGFs and others.This disruption in vascular homeostasis at cellular, genetic and epigenetic level is involved in switching of the vascular cells towards atherogenesis. All these factors working in pathologic manner, contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Conclusion The development of atherosclerosis involves the switching of gene expression towards pro-atherogenic genes. This happens because of pathologic alterations in vascular homeostasis. When pathologic alterations in epigenetics, genetics, regulatory genes, microenvironment and vascular cell biology accumulate beyond a specific threshold, then the disease begins to express itself phenotypically. The process of biological ageing is one of the most significant factors in this aspect as it is also involved in the decline in homeostasis, maintenance and integrity.The process of atherogenesis unfolds sequentially (step by step) in an interconnected loop of pathologic changes in vascular biology. Such changes are involved in 'switching' of vascular cells towards atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ovais Shafi
- Sindh Medical College - Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease. Can J Cardiol 2020; 36:1458-1466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
|
12
|
de Ferranti SD, Steinberger J, Ameduri R, Baker A, Gooding H, Kelly AS, Mietus-Snyder M, Mitsnefes MM, Peterson AL, St-Pierre J, Urbina EM, Zachariah JP, Zaidi AN. Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in High-Risk Pediatric Patients: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019; 139:e603-e634. [PMID: 30798614 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This scientific statement presents considerations for clinical management regarding the assessment and risk reduction of select pediatric populations at high risk for premature cardiovascular disease, including acquired arteriosclerosis or atherosclerosis. For each topic, the evidence for accelerated acquired coronary artery disease and stroke in childhood and adolescence and the evidence for benefit of interventions in youth will be reviewed. Children and adolescents may be at higher risk for cardiovascular disease because of significant atherosclerotic or arteriosclerotic risk factors, high-risk conditions that promote atherosclerosis, or coronary artery or other cardiac or vascular abnormalities that make the individual more vulnerable to the adverse effects of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Existing scientific statements and guidelines will be referenced when applicable, and suggestions for risk identification and reduction specific to each setting will be described. This statement is directed toward pediatric cardiologists, primary care providers, and subspecialists who provide clinical care for these young patients. The focus will be on management and justification for management, minimizing information on pathophysiology and epidemiology.
Collapse
|
13
|
Mohammad Nijres B, Samuel BP, Vettukattil JJ. Subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Int J Cardiol 2019; 282:44. [PMID: 30704770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bassel Mohammad Nijres
- Congenital Heart Center, Spectrum Health Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Bennett P Samuel
- Congenital Heart Center, Spectrum Health Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Joseph J Vettukattil
- Congenital Heart Center, Spectrum Health Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Smith JMC, Andrade JG, Human D, Field TS. Adults With Complex Congenital Heart Disease: Cerebrovascular Considerations for the Neurologist. Front Neurol 2019; 10:329. [PMID: 31019488 PMCID: PMC6458261 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As infant and childhood mortality has decreased in congenital heart disease, this population is increasingly reaching adulthood. Adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) represent a group with increased risk of stroke, silent brain infarcts, and vascular cognitive impairment. Cyanotic and other complex cardiac lesions confer the greatest risk of these cerebrovascular insults. ACHD patients, in addition to having an increased risk of stroke from structural cardiac issues and associated physiological changes, may have an accelerated burden of conventional vascular risk factors, including hypertension and impaired glucose metabolism. Adult neurologists should be aware of the risks of clinically evident and subclinical cerebrovascular disease in this population. We review the existing evidence on primary and secondary stroke prevention in individuals with complex congenital heart disease, and identify knowledge gaps in need of further research, including treatment of acute stroke in this population. Multisystemic genetic syndromes are outside the scope of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M C Smith
- M.D. Senior Pediatric Neurology Resident, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jason G Andrade
- FRCPC Clinical Associate Professor of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Derek Human
- FRCPC, Clinical Professor of Pediatric Cardiology, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thalia S Field
- M.D. Senior Pediatric Neurology Resident, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,FRCPC Clinical Associate Professor of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,FRCPC, Clinical Professor of Pediatric Cardiology, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Segura T, Gatzoulis MA. Where are we with coronary artery disease for the cyanotic patient with congenital heart disease? Int J Cardiol 2019; 277:108-109. [PMID: 30665555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
16
|
Age-related cardiovascular risk in adult patients with congenital heart disease. Int J Cardiol 2019; 277:90-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
17
|
Reiner B, Oberhoffer R, Häcker AL, Ewert P, Müller J. Carotid Intima–Media Thickness in Children and Adolescents With Congenital Heart Disease. Can J Cardiol 2018; 34:1618-1623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
18
|
Mohammad Nijres B, Taqatqa AS, Mubayed L, Jutzy GJ, Abdulla RI, Diab KA, Nguyen HH, Muller BA, Sosnowski CR, Murphy JJ, Vettukattil J, Kaley VR, Marckini DN, Samuel BP, Abdelhady K, Awad S. Determination of the Frequency of Right and Left Internal Mammary Artery Embolization in Single Ventricle Patients: A Two-Center Study. Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:1657-1662. [PMID: 30105467 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-018-1946-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Embolization of systemic to pulmonary artery collaterals to regulate pulmonary arterial flow or pressure of the cavopulmonary circulation in patients with single ventricle is a common practice. The relative incidence and impact of this practice on future interventions like coronary artery bypass grafting is poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the frequency and implications of internal mammary artery (IMA) embolization in the single ventricle (SV) population. A retrospective chart review was performed of SV patients who underwent cardiac catheterization before and after Fontan procedure between February 2007 and 2017. Data were collected from two tertiary care centers in the Midwest. Of the 304 SV patients, 62 (20.4%) underwent embolization of one or more IMAs, whereas 242 (79.6%) did not. The rate of embolization of IMA was 40.5% in one center and 14.5% in the second center. Among patients who received IMA embolization, left internal mammary artery (LIMA) embolization was seen in 6 (9.7%) patients. Majority of patients underwent either right internal mammary artery (RIMA) embolization (n = 25; 40.3%) or RIMA and LIMA embolization (n = 27; 43.5%). IMA embolization in SV patients is common. Embolizing IMAs early in life will likely eliminate a valuable graft option for coronary artery bypass grafting should it be required in the future care of these patients. Multi-center, prospective, nation-wide studies are warranted to examine coronary artery disease in the SV population and true frequency of IMA embolization. Delineation of which IMAs were embolized is a necessary in surgical and cardiac intervention national data, such as Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) database. All measures should be taken to preserve IMAs patency, if deemed feasible and safe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bassel Mohammad Nijres
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Anas S Taqatqa
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Spectrum Health Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, 100 Michigan St NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Lamya Mubayed
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Gregory J Jutzy
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ra-Id Abdulla
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Karim A Diab
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Hoang H Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Brieann A Muller
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Cyndi R Sosnowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Joshua J Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Joseph Vettukattil
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Spectrum Health Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, 100 Michigan St NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Vishal R Kaley
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Spectrum Health Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, 100 Michigan St NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Darcy N Marckini
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Spectrum Health Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, 100 Michigan St NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Bennett P Samuel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Spectrum Health Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, 100 Michigan St NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Khaled Abdelhady
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 1200 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sawsan Awad
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W. Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tarp JB, Sørgaard MH, Christoffersen C, Jensen AS, Sillesen H, Celermajer D, Eriksson P, Estensen ME, Nagy E, Holstein-Rathlou NH, Engstrøm T, Søndergaard L. Subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Int J Cardiol 2018; 277:97-103. [PMID: 30228018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Survival in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) has improved dramatically. The result is an ageing population with risk of acquired heart disease. Previous small uncontrolled studies suggested that these patients are protected against the development of atherosclerosis. To test this hypothesis, we sought to determine the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in a larger population of patients with CCHD. METHOD We compared the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in adult CCHD patients from Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Australia, with that in age-, sex-, smoking status-, and body mass index matched controls. Coronary artery atherosclerosis was assessed on computed tomography with coronary artery calcification (CAC) score. Subclinical atherosclerosis was defined by CAC-score > 0. Carotid artery atherosclerosis was evaluated using ultrasound by measuring carotid plaque thickness (cPT-max) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT). Lipid status was evaluated as an important atherosclerotic risk factor. RESULTS Seventy-four patients with CCHD (57% women, median age 49.5 years) and 74 matched controls (57% women, median age 50.0 years) were included. There were no differences between the groups in: CAC-score > 0 (21% vs. 19%, respectively; p = 0.8), carotid plaques (19% vs. 9%, respectively; p = 0.1), cPT-max (2.3 mm vs. 2.8 mm, respectively; p = 0.1) or CIMT (0.61 mm vs. 0.61 mm, respectively; p = 0.98). And further no significant differences in lipoprotein concentrations measured by ultracentrifugation. CONCLUSION Young adults with CCHD have similar cardiovascular risk factor profiles and measures of subclinical atherosclerosis, compared with controls. Given their increasing life expectancies, athero-preventive strategies should be an important part of their clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bjerre Tarp
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Bispebjerg Hospital, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Sillesen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Celermajer
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Eriksson
- Department of Cardiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Edit Nagy
- Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Thomas Engstrøm
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, University of Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Søndergaard
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tian Y, He Y, Zhang L, Zhang J, Xu L, Ma Y, Xu X, Wei L. Role of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein in human cytomegalovirus-induced hyperpermeability of human endothelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1295-1303. [PMID: 30112061 PMCID: PMC6090474 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common chronic vascular disease and epidemiological evidence demonstrates that infection is closely associated with the occurrence of AS, including infection by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of HCMV AD169 infection on the barrier function of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and to understand the role of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) during this process. In cultured HUVEC-CRL-1730 cells, knockdown of VASP expression with small interfering (si)RNA-VASP resulted in impaired cellular barrier function. Furthermore, knockdown of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) using siRNA-Rac1 could induce downregulation of VASP expression in HUVEC-CRL-1730 cells. Additionally, following the infection of the cells by HCMV, cellular morphological alterations could be observed under an inverted microscope, the mRNA and protein levels of Rac1 and VASP were transiently reduced, and what appeared to be a time-dependent impairment of the barrier function was observed. Finally, transfection of siRNA-VASP or siRNA-Rac1 into HCMV-infected HUVEC-CRL-1730 cells resulted in increased impairment of the cellular barrier function. Taken together, these data demonstrated that HCMV infection could induce impairment of the barrier function in monolayer HUVEC-CRL-1730 cells via interference with Rac1/VASP expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Tian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yanqi He
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Liu Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yanbin Ma
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wei
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rodríguez-Hernández JL, Rodríguez-González F, Riaño-Ruiz M, Martínez-Quintana E. Risk factors for hyperuricemia in congenital heart disease patients and its relation to cardiovascular death. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2018; 13:655-662. [PMID: 30066365 DOI: 10.1111/chd.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperuricemia has been associated with cardiovascular risk factors but it remains controversial if uric acid is an independent predictor of cardiac mortality. METHODS A total of 503 CHD patients (457 nonhypoxemic and 46 hypoxemic) and 772 control patients fulfilled inclusion criteria. Demographic, clinical, and analytical data [serum uric acid and 24h urine uric acid levels, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP), and C-reactive-protein (CRP) concentrations] were studied. Survivals curves to determine cardiac death and arterial thrombosis in CHD patients were also examined. RESULTS Noncyanotic and cyanotic CHD patients had significant higher serum uric acid concentration (5.2 ± 1.5 vs 4.9 ± 1.3mg/dL, P = .007 and 6.7 ± 2.1 vs 4.9 ± 1.3mg/dL, P < .001, respectively) and gout (1% vs 0%, P = .003 and 4% vs 0%, P < .01, respectively) than the control population. Among CHD patients, hyperuricemic patients were significant older and with overweight, used more diuretics, were more cyanotic and had higher serum creatinine, NT-pro-BNP and CRP concentrations than nonhyperuricemic. In the multivariable analysis, the body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.01-1.18), cyanosis (OR 6.2; 95 CI 1.5-24.6), serum creatinine concentration (OR 49; 95% CI 44-538), and being under diuretic treatment (OR 4.5; 95% CI 1.4-14.5) proved to be risk factors for hyperuricemia in CHD patients. The Kaplan-Meier events free survival curves, during a 5.2 ± 2.7 years follow-up of up time, showed that hyperuricemic CHD patients had significant higher cardiovascular death (P = .002). However, after applying the Cox regression analysis uric acid levels lost its statistical significance. No significant differences were seen in relation to thrombotic events between CHD patients with and without hyperuricemia. CONCLUSIONS CHD patients, noncyanotic and cyanotic, have higher serum uric acid levels and gout than patients in the general population. BMI, renal insufficiency, cyanosis, and the use of diuretics were risk factor for hyperuricemia among CHD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fayna Rodríguez-González
- Ophthalmology Service, Dr. Negrín University Hospital of Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Marta Riaño-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Analyses, Insular-Materno Infantil University Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Efrén Martínez-Quintana
- Cardiology Service, Insular-Materno Infantil University Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang L, Lin Q, Yang T, Liang Y, Nie Y, Luo Y, Shen J, Fu X, Tang Y, Luo F. Oryzanol Modifies High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity, Liver Gene Expression Profile, and Inflammation Response in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:8374-8385. [PMID: 28853872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In Western countries and China, the dietary habit of high calories usually results in hyperlipidemia, which is closely associated with cardiovascular diseases. In the study, we investigated the antihyperlipidemic effect of oryzanol and its molecular mechanism in the high fat diet (HFD) mouse model. In total, 60 ICR mice were randomly divided into control group, HFD group, and HFD+Ory group. The mice from the HFD+Ory group were additionally fed with 100 mg/kg of oryzanol by intragastric administration. Our data indicated that oryzanol treatment for 10 weeks significantly reduced bodyweight, liver weight, and adipose tissues weight of the mice; lowered the contents of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C); and elevated high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in the plasma of HFD mice. Compared with the HFD group, H&E staining showed that oryzanol treatment decreased the size of fat droplets of liver tissues and the size of adipocytes. Gene chip data found that oryzanol administration caused 32 genes to increase expressions while 60 genes had reduced expressions in the liver tissues of HFD mice. IPA software was used to analyze the protein interaction network and found that transcript factor NF-κB located in the central role of network, meaning NF-κB may have important function in the lipid-lowering effect of oryzanol. Western blotting and RT-qPCR confirmed that lipid metabolism-related gene expressions were obviously regulated by oryzanol administration. Oryzanol also inhibited expressions of inflammatory factor in the liver tissues of HDF mice. Taken together, our data indicate that oryzanol treatment can regulate lipid metabolism-related gene expressions and inhibit HDF-caused obesity in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Special Medical Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Special Medical Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Special Medical Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Special Medical Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Ying Nie
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Special Medical Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Clinic Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Junjun Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Special Medical Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Xiangjin Fu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Special Medical Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Yiping Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Special Medical Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Special Medical Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Otto CM. Heartbeat: Text messaging to improve health. BRITISH HEART JOURNAL 2017; 103:887-888. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|