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Holmes KR, Gulsin GS, Fairbairn TA, Hurwitz-Koweek L, Matsuo H, Nørgaard BL, Jensen JM, Sand NPR, Nieman K, Bax JJ, Pontone G, Chinnaiyan KM, Rabbat MG, Amano T, Kawasaki T, Akasaka T, Kitabata H, Rogers C, Patel MR, Payne GW, Leipsic JA, Sellers SL. Impact of Smoking on Coronary Volume-to-Myocardial Mass Ratio: An ADVANCE Registry Substudy. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2024; 6:e220197. [PMID: 38483246 PMCID: PMC11056751 DOI: 10.1148/ryct.220197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To examine the relationship between smoking status and coronary volume-to-myocardial mass ratio (V/M) among individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing CT fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) analysis. Materials and Methods In this secondary analysis, participants from the ADVANCE registry evaluated for suspected CAD from July 15, 2015, to October 20, 2017, who were found to have coronary stenosis of 30% or greater at coronary CT angiography (CCTA) were included if they had known smoking status and underwent CT-FFR and V/M analysis. CCTA images were segmented to calculate coronary volume and myocardial mass. V/M was compared between smoking groups, and predictors of low V/M were determined. Results The sample for analysis included 503 current smokers, 1060 former smokers, and 1311 never-smokers (2874 participants; 1906 male participants). After adjustment for demographic and clinical factors, former smokers had greater coronary volume than never-smokers (former smokers, 3021.7 mm3 ± 934.0 [SD]; never-smokers, 2967.6 mm3 ± 978.0; P = .002), while current smokers had increased myocardial mass compared with never-smokers (current smokers, 127.8 g ± 32.9; never-smokers, 118.0 g ± 32.5; P = .02). However, both current and former smokers had lower V/M than never-smokers (current smokers, 24.1 mm3/g ± 7.9; former smokers, 24.9 mm3/g ± 7.1; never-smokers, 25.8 mm3/g ± 7.4; P < .001 [unadjusted] and P = .002 [unadjusted], respectively). Current smoking status (odds ratio [OR], 0.74 [95% CI: 0.59, 0.93]; P = .009), former smoking status (OR, 0.81 [95% CI: 0.68, 0.97]; P = .02), stenosis of 50% or greater (OR, 0.62 [95% CI: 0.52, 0.74]; P < .001), and diabetes (OR, 0.67 [95% CI: 0.56, 0.82]; P < .001) were independent predictors of low V/M. Conclusion Both current and former smoking status were independently associated with low V/M. Keywords: CT Angiography, Cardiac, Heart, Ischemia/Infarction Clinical trial registration no. NCT02499679 Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Holmes
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
| | - Gaurav S. Gulsin
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
| | - Timothy A. Fairbairn
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
| | - Lynne Hurwitz-Koweek
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
| | - Hitoshi Matsuo
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
| | - Bjarne L. Nørgaard
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
| | - Jesper M. Jensen
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
| | - Niels-Peter Rønnow Sand
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
| | - Koen Nieman
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
| | - Jeroen J. Bax
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
| | - Kavitha M. Chinnaiyan
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
| | - Mark G. Rabbat
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
| | - Tetsuya Amano
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
| | - Tomohiro Kawasaki
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
| | - Takashi Akasaka
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
| | - Hironori Kitabata
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
| | - Campbell Rogers
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
| | - Manesh R. Patel
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
| | - Geoffrey W. Payne
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
| | - Jonathon A. Leipsic
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
| | - Stephanie L. Sellers
- From the Department of Radiology (K.R.H., G.S.G., J.A.L., S.L.S.) and
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation & Providence Research (G.S.G., J.A.L.,
S.L.S.), St Paul’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, 1081
Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6; Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital,
Liverpool, England (T.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC (L.H.K., M.R.P.); Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama,
Japan (H.M., T. Akasaka, H.K.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University
Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (B.L.N., J.M.J.); Department of Cardiology, University
Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark (N.P.R.S.); Department of
Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
(N.P.R.S.); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (K.N.);
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the
Netherlands (J.J.B.); Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Scientific Institute for
Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan,
Italy (G.P.); William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Mich (K.M.C.); Loyola
University Medical Center, Maywood, Ill (M.G.R.); Aichi Medical University,
Aichi, Japan (T. Amano); Department of Cardiology, Shin Koga Hospital, Fukuoka,
Japan (T.K.); HeartFlow, Redwood City, Calif (C.R.); and University of Northern
British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada (G.W.P.)
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