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Stone GW, Power DA. Noninvasive Imaging of Vulnerable Plaque: One More Piece of the Puzzle. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2024; 17:392-395. [PMID: 37921722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregg W Stone
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA.
| | - David A Power
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
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Liu YW, Dong CL, Jiang X, Liu DY. Association of the LPA gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease risk in the Xinjiang population of China: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36181. [PMID: 38050271 PMCID: PMC10695570 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein(a) is a well-known independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) and primarily determined by variation in the LPA gene coding for the apolipoprotein(a) moiety. Our study purpose was to evaluate the association between the human LPA gene polymorphisms and CAD in Han and Uyghur populations in Xinjiang, China. A case-control study was conducted with 831 Han people (392 CAD patients and 439 control subjects) and 829 Uygur people (513 CAD patients and 316 control subjects). All participants were genotyped for the same 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1801693, rs6923877, and rs9364559) of the LPA gene by a Real-time PCR instrument. In CAD patients, the levels of lipoprotein(a) were significantly higher in the Han population with the C/C genotype at the rs1801693 (P = .018) and the A/A genotype at the rs9364559 (P = .029) than in the Uyghur population. The polymorphisms rs1801693, rs6923877, and rs9364559 were found to be associated with CAD in the Han population. For men, the distribution of rs1801693 in genotypes, alleles and recessive model (CC vs CT + TT) showed a significant difference (all P < .05), and the difference in recessive model was retained after adjustment for covariates (odds ratio [OR]: 0.557, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.355-0.874, P = .011). But the distribution of rs6923877 in genotypes and dominant model (GG vs AG + AA) showed a significant difference (both P < .05) in both men and women, and the difference was kept in dominant model after adjustment (OR: 1.473, 95% CI:1.009-2.148, P = .045). For women, a significant difference was found in the distribution of rs9364559 in the alleles and dominant model (AA vs AG + GG) (for alleles: P = .021, for dominant model: P = .025, OR: 0.560, 95% CI:0.350-0.898, P = .016) after adjustment. Polymorphisms rs1801693, rs6923877, and rs9364559 of the LPA gene are associated with CAD in the Han population in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Liu
- Oncology-Cardiology Department, Xinjiang Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chun-Lan Dong
- Oncology-Cardiology Department, Xinjiang Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Pain Medicine Department, Xinjiang Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Deng-Yao Liu
- Interventional Consulting Department, Xinjiang Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Liu CJ, Li WH, Li CH, Wu JS, Lu ZH, Tsai YS, Chao TH, Huang HS. Nephrolithiasis is associated with the severity of coronary artery calcification, but not with coronary artery stenosis. World J Urol 2023; 41:1967-1974. [PMID: 37284843 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Emerging data have indicated that nephrolithiasis is possibly associated with subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD). Considering that a significant proportion of obstructive CAD in non-elderly individuals occurs in those without detectable calcium score (CACS), this study aimed to investigate whether nephrolithiasis is still associated with CAD as assessed by coronary computed tomography (CT)-derived luminal stenosis [using Gensini score (GS)]. METHODS A total of 1170 asymptomatic adults without known CAD who underwent health examinations were recruited. Nephrolithiasis was assessed using abdominal ultrasonography (US). Individuals with a self-reported stone history, but no evidence of nephrolithiasis were excluded. The CACS and GS were measured using 256-slice coronary CT. RESULTS Nearly half of these patients had a CACS > 0 (48.1%), and a higher prevalence of nephrolithiasis was observed than in those who had zero CACS (13.1% vs. 9.7%). However, no significant intergroup difference in GS was detected. A greater proportion of stone formers than non-stone formers had a higher risk category, whereas no significant difference was noted in Gensini category. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the CACS independently predicted the presence of nephrolithiasis after adjustment. Importantly, we found that stone formers had a nearly threefold higher risk than non-stone formers of developing severe coronary calcification (CAC > 400). CONCLUSIONS Nephrolithiasis was significantly associated with coronary artery calcification presence and severity, but not coronary luminal stenosis in patients without known CAD. Accordingly, the relationship between stone disease and CAD remains controversial, and additional studies are imperative to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Jung Liu
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704302, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huang Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704302, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, 709040, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Li
- Department of Family Medicine, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, 709040, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shang Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704302, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Douliou Branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin, 640003, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704302, Taiwan
| | - Ze-Hong Lu
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704302, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Sheng Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704302, Taiwan
- Center for Clinical Medicine Research, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, 704302, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsing Chao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704302, Taiwan.
| | - Ho-Shiang Huang
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704302, Taiwan.
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Zhao Q, Liu R, Chen H, Yang X, Dong J, Bai M. White blood cells and coronary heart disease: A mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2023; 14:1127820. [PMID: 36824433 PMCID: PMC9941875 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1127820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The causal direction and magnitude of the associations between blood cell count and coronary heart disease (CHD) remain uncertain due to susceptibility of reverse causation and confounding. This study aimed to investigate the associations between blood cell count and CHD using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: In this two-sample MR study, we identified independent blood cell count associated genetic variants from a genome-wide association studies (GWAS) among European ancestry individuals. Summary level data of CHD was obtained from a GWAS consisting of 547261 subjects. Methods of inverse variance weighted (IVW), Mendelian Randomization-Egger (MR-Egger), weighted median, and outlier test (MR-PRESSO) were conducted to investigate the associations between blood cell and CHD. Results: Among all cardiovascular outcomes of interest, blood cell counts were only associated with CHD. Our findings indicated that white blood cell count and neutrophil cell count were significantly associated with increased risk of CHD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.14; OR = 1.09, 1.02-1.16). However, there was no significant association between monocyte cell count, basophil cell count, lymphocyte cell count, eosinophil cell count, and CHD (p > 0.05). The results after excluding outliers were consistent with main results and the sensitivity analyses showed no evidence of pleiotropy (MR-Egger intercept, p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our MR study suggested that greater white blood cell count and neutrophil cell count were associated with a higher risk of CHD. Future studies are still warranted to validate the results and investigate the mechanisms underlying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rongmei Liu
- Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaomo Yang
- Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Dong
- Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minfu Bai
- Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Gupta K, Al Rifai M, Hussain A, Minhas AMK, Patel J, Kalra D, Samad Z, Virani SS. South Asian ethnicity: What can we do to make this risk enhancer a risk equivalent? Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 75:21-32. [PMID: 36279943 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
South Asians account for around 25% of the global population and are the fastest-growing ethnicity in the US. This population has an increasing burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) which is also seen in the diaspora. Current risk prediction equations underestimate this risk and consider the South Asian ethnicity as a risk-enhancer among those with borderline-intermediate risk. In this review, we discuss why the South Asian population is at a higher risk of ASCVD and strategies to mitigate this increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mahmoud Al Rifai
- Section of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aliza Hussain
- Section of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jaideep Patel
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA; Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dinesh Kalra
- Rudd Heart & Lung Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zainab Samad
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Salim S Virani
- Section of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Health Policy, Quality & Informatics Program, Health Services Research and Development Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA; Section of Cardiology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Davis TME, Giczewska A, Lokhnygina Y, Mentz RJ, Sattar N, Holman RR. Effect of race on cardiometabolic responses to once-weekly exenatide: insights from the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL). Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:116. [PMID: 35761271 PMCID: PMC9238154 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To determine whether there were racial differences in short-term cardiometabolic responses to once-weekly exenatide (EQW) in the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL). Methods EXSCEL enrolled 14,752 patients with type 2 diabetes (hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 6.5–10.0% [48–86 mmol/mol]) with or without cardiovascular disease who were randomized double-blind to EQW or placebo. Background glucose-lowering/other cardiovascular therapies were unaltered for 6 months post-randomization unless clinically essential, facilitating comparison of EQW-associated effects in 14,665 evaluable participants self-identifying as White (n = 11,113), Asian (n = 1444), Black (n = 870), or Other Race (n = 1,238. Placebo-adjusted 6 month absolute changes in cardiometabolic variables were assessed using generalized linear models. Results Mean 6-month placebo-adjusted HbA1c reductions were similar in the four groups (range 0.54–0.67% [5.9 to 7.3 mmol/mol], P = 0.11 for race×treatment interaction), with no significant difference in Asians (reference) versus other groups after covariate adjustment (all P ≥ 0.10). Six-month placebo-adjusted mean changes in systolic (−1.8 to 0.0 mmHg) and diastolic (0.2 to 1.2 mmHg) blood pressure, serum LDL (− 0.06 to 0.02 mmol/L) and HDL (0.00 to 0.01 mmol/L) cholesterol, and serum triglycerides (−0.1 to 0.0 mmol/L) were similar in the racial groups (P ≥ 0.19 for race×treatment interaction and all P ≥ 0.13 for comparisons of Asians with other races). Resting pulse rate increased more in Asians (4 beats/min) than in other groups (≤ 3 beats/min, P = 0.016 for race×treatment interaction and all P ≤ 0.050 for comparisons of Asians with other races). Conclusions Short-term cardiometabolic responses to EQW were similar in the main racial groups in EXSCEL, apart from a greater pulse rate increase in Asians. Trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov NCT01144338. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-022-01555-z.
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