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Ivy D, Rosenzweig EB, Abman SH, Beghetti M, Bonnet D, Douwes JM, Manes A, Berger RMF. Embracing the challenges of neonatal and paediatric pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2024:2401345. [PMID: 39209483 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01345-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) shares common features with adult disease, but is associated with several additional disorders and challenges that require unique approaches. This article discusses recent advances, ongoing challenges and distinct approaches for caring for infants and children with PAH, as presented by the paediatric task force of the 7th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension. We provide updates on diagnosing, classifying, risk-stratifying and treating paediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH) and identify critical knowledge gaps. An updated risk stratification tool and treatment algorithm is provided, now also including strategies for patients with associated cardiopulmonary conditions. Treatment of paediatric PH continues to be hindered by the lack of randomised controlled clinical trials. The challenging management of children failing targeted PAH therapy is discussed, including balloon atrial septostomy, lung transplantation and pulmonary-to-systemic shunt (Potts). A novel strategy using a multimodal approach for the management of PAH associated with congenital heart diseases with borderline pulmonary vascular resistance is included. Advances in diagnosing neonatal PH, especially signs and interpretation of PH by echocardiography, are highlighted. A team approach to the rapidly changing physiology of neonatal PH is emphasised. Challenges in drug approval are discussed, particularly the challenges of designing accurate paediatric clinical trials with age-appropriate end-points and adequate enrolment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunbar Ivy
- Pediatric Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Erika B Rosenzweig
- Department of Pediatrics, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at WMC Health and New York Medical College of Touro University, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Steven H Abman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Maurice Beghetti
- Paediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospital, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Damien Bonnet
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes, M3C, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paediatric Cardiology, Paris, France
| | - Johannes Menno Douwes
- Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Paediatric Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Manes
- Cardiology Unit IRCCS, S. Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rolf M F Berger
- Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Nawaytou H, Lakkaraju R, Stevens L, Reddy VM, Swami N, Keller RL, Teitel DF, Fineman JR. Management of pulmonary vascular disease associated with congenital left-to-right shunts: A single-center experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024:S0022-5223(24)00438-0. [PMID: 38763305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study objective was to describe the course and outcomes of children under 18 years of age, with left-to-right shunts and pulmonary arterial hypertension undergoing 1 of 2 management approaches: pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment before left-to-right shunt repair (Treat First) and left-to-right shunt repair first with or without subsequent pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment (Repair First). METHODS We performed a retrospective single-center study, conducted from September 2015 to September 2021, of children with left-to-right shunts and pulmonary arterial hypertension (defined as indexed pulmonary vascular resistance ≥ 4 Wood units [WU]∗m2) but without Eisenmenger physiology. Patient characteristics, longitudinal hemodynamics data, pulmonary arterial hypertension management, left-to-right shunt repair, and outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS Of 768 patients evaluated for left-to-right shunt closure, 51 (6.8%) had left-to-right shunts associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (median age 1.1 [0.37-5] years, median indexed pulmonary vascular resistance 6 [5.2-8.7] WU∗m2). In the "Treat First" group (n = 33, 65%), 27 patients (82%) underwent left-to-right shunt closure and 6 patients (18%) did not respond to pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy and did not undergo left-to-right shunt closure. In the "Repair First" group (n = 18, 35%), 12 patients (67%) received pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy and 6 patients (33%) did not. Mortality rates were 6% in the "Treat First" group and 11% in "Repair First" group with follow-ups of 3.4 and 2.5 years, respectively. After left-to-right shunt closure, there was no significant change in indexed pulmonary vascular resistance over a median follow-up of 2 years after surgery (P = .77). CONCLUSIONS In children with left-to-right shunts and associated pulmonary arterial hypertension, treatment with pulmonary arterial hypertension-targeted therapy before defect repair does not appear to endanger the subjects and may have some benefit. The response to pulmonary arterial hypertension-targeted therapy before shunt closure persists 2 to 3 years postclosure, providing valuable insights into the long-term management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hythem Nawaytou
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif.
| | - Ramya Lakkaraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Mass
| | - Leah Stevens
- Department of Pediatrics, Intensive Care, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Vadiyala Mohan Reddy
- Department of Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Naveen Swami
- Department of Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Roberta L Keller
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - David F Teitel
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, Intensive Care, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
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Valdeolmillos E, Foray C, Albenque G, Batteux C, Petit J, Lecerf F, Jaïs X, Sitbon O, Montani D, Savale L, Humbert M, Hascoët S. Percutaneous atrial septal defect closure in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2301649. [PMID: 38754963 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01649-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Estibaliz Valdeolmillos
- Department of Congenital Heart Diseases, Centre de Référence Malformations, Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes M3C, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Groupe, Hospitalier Paris-Saint Joseph, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremin-Bicêtre, France
- Inserm UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Claire Foray
- Department of Congenital Heart Diseases, Centre de Référence Malformations, Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes M3C, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Groupe, Hospitalier Paris-Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Gregoire Albenque
- Department of Congenital Heart Diseases, Centre de Référence Malformations, Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes M3C, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Groupe, Hospitalier Paris-Saint Joseph, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremin-Bicêtre, France
- Inserm UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Clément Batteux
- Department of Congenital Heart Diseases, Centre de Référence Malformations, Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes M3C, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Groupe, Hospitalier Paris-Saint Joseph, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremin-Bicêtre, France
- Inserm UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Jerome Petit
- Department of Congenital Heart Diseases, Centre de Référence Malformations, Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes M3C, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Groupe, Hospitalier Paris-Saint Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Florence Lecerf
- Research and Innovation Department, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Paris Saclay University, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Xavier Jaïs
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremin-Bicêtre, France
- Inserm UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Reference Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Olivier Sitbon
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremin-Bicêtre, France
- Inserm UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Reference Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - David Montani
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremin-Bicêtre, France
- Inserm UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Reference Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurent Savale
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremin-Bicêtre, France
- Inserm UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Reference Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremin-Bicêtre, France
- Inserm UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Reference Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sébastien Hascoët
- Department of Congenital Heart Diseases, Centre de Référence Malformations, Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes M3C, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Groupe, Hospitalier Paris-Saint Joseph, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremin-Bicêtre, France
- Inserm UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
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Akagi S, Kasahara S, Akagi T, Ejiri K, Mitsuhashi T, Nakagawa K, Nakamura K, Ito H. Feasibility of Treat and Repair Strategy in Congenital Heart Defects With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. JACC. ADVANCES 2024; 3:100887. [PMID: 38939653 PMCID: PMC11198275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.100887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Background A treatment strategy for congenital heart defects with moderate to severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has not been established. Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify patients in whom a treat and repair strategy was considered and to examine pretreatment variables associated with successful defect repair. Methods Patients with atrial or ventricular septal defect and PAH (pulmonary vascular resistance [PVR] ≥ 5 Wood units) eligible for the treat and repair strategy were included. Hemodynamics among pretreatment, pre-repair, and post-defect repair were compared. Clinical outcomes in patients with or without defect repair were also compared. Clinical outcomes included all-cause death, hospitalization for worsening pulmonary hypertension, and lung transplantation. Results Among 25 eligible for the treat and repair strategy, 20 underwent successful repair (repaired group) and 5 did not have a repair (unrepaired group). In the repaired group, PVR significantly decreased from 9.6 ± 2.6 WU at pretreatment to 5.0 ± 3.4 pre-repair (ß coefficient -4.6 [95% CI: -5.9 to -3.3]). The pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratio (Qp/Qs) increased from 1.5 ± 0.6 at pretreatment to 2.4 ± 1.3 pre-repair (ß coefficient 0.9 [95% CI: 0.4-1.38]). In the unrepaired group, pretreatment PVR decreased with treatment; however, PVR remained elevated. Qp/Qs did not change between pretreatment and post-treatment. The repaired group had a better prognosis than the unrepaired group (HR 0.092 [95% CI: 0.009-0.905]). Pretreatment mean pulmonary artery pressure, PVR, Qp/Qs, and arterial oxygen saturations were associated with undergoing defect repair. Conclusions In this small cohort, a treat and repair strategy was successfully used in a significant proportion of the patients with congenital heart defects with moderate to severe PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Akagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shingo Kasahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Teiji Akagi
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ejiri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Toshiharu Mitsuhashi
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koji Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Ivy DD, Frank BS. Treat and Repair for Congenital Heart Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension: Not a Panacea. JACC. ADVANCES 2024; 3:100891. [PMID: 38939683 PMCID: PMC11198098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.100891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Dunbar Ivy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Frank
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Wang X, Wang S, Lu Z, Wang W, Wang X. Therapeutic effects of treat and repair strategy in pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and simple congenital heart defects. Pulm Circ 2024; 14:e12387. [PMID: 38751611 PMCID: PMC11095199 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Surgical indications for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and congenital heart defects are controversial. The treat and repair strategy has demonstrated efficacy in adult populations, but there have been no studies on pediatric patients. This study included pediatric patients with PAH and simple congenital heart defects who underwent corrective repair between 2012 and 2021. According to the preoperative treatment strategies, the patients were divided into a regular strategy group (Group 1) and a treat-and-repair strategy group (Group 2). Postoperative recovery and follow-up results were compared between the two groups. A total of 33 patients were included in this study. Group 1 consisted of 19 patients, whereas Group 2 consisted of 14 patients. The pulmonary vascular resistance index in Group 2 was higher than that in Group 1 (10.9 ± 4.1 vs. 8.2 ± 1.6 WU, p = 0.031). There were no differences in postoperative recovery between the two groups (p > 0.05). During follow-up, five patients were lost (three in Group 1 and two in Group 2). The median follow-up period was 59 months. One patient died in Group 1, and two patients died in Group 2. There was no significant difference in the survival curve (p = 0.39). At the last follow-up, another seven patients had experienced a non-low-risk condition, with a total of three non-low-risk patients in Group 1 and seven in Group 2, including one patient in each group who had a history of ICU admission. According to the ROC curve, a preoperative PVRi <8.2 WU×m2 can predict postoperative persistent low-risk state, PVRi <5.2 WU×m2 can avoid postoperative death and/or ICU administration. In pediatric patients with PAH and simple congenital heart defects, the treat and repair strategies may provide surgery opportunities, PVRi should be <8 WU×m2, and <5.2 WU×m2 is the best choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Shilin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Zhongyuan Lu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Cool CJ, Kamarullah W, Pranata R, Putra ICS, Khalid AF, Akbar MR, Setiabudiawan B, Rahayuningsih SE. A Meta-Analysis of Atrial Septal Defect Closure in Patients With Severe Pulmonary Hypertension: Is There a Room for Poking Holes Amid Debate? Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102121. [PMID: 37802163 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) poses a challenge to a closure of ASD, particularly severe PAH that persists even after pharmacological therapeutic strategy. Our study was aimed to evaluate this matter. A systematic literature search from several databases was conducted up until August 1st, 2023. A meta-analysis was undertaken on studies that reported hemodynamic measurements in ASD patients with severe PAH before and after closure. The primary objectives were the extent of improvement in all hemodynamic parameters following closure, and the secondary outcomes were major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) during follow-up. Our study comprised 10 studies with a total of 207 participants. Patients were divided into treat-and-repair and straight-to-repair groups based on the therapeutic strategy. Meta-analysis of all studies demonstrated significant improvement in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI), 6-minutes walking distance (6MWD), and lower prevalence of World Health Organization functional classes (WHO fc), particularly in the treat-and-repair strategy subgroup. Additionally, merely 4 of the 156 individuals died from cardiac causes, and only 1 required rehospitalization, indicating a low likelihood of MACEs arising. Our new findings support the notion that effective shunt closure can improve various hemodynamic parameters in carefully chosen patients with noncorrectable ASD-PAH. Further large and prospective observational studies are still warranted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Johanna Cool
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | - Raymond Pranata
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Iwan Cahyo Santosa Putra
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Fitrah Khalid
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Rizki Akbar
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Budi Setiabudiawan
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Sri Endah Rahayuningsih
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
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Mahmoud AK, Abbas MT, Kamel MA, Farina JM, Pereyra M, Scalia IG, Barry T, Chao CJ, Marcotte F, Ayoub C, Scott RL, Majdalany DS, Arsanjani R. Current Management and Future Directions for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Congenital Heart Disease. J Pers Med 2023; 14:5. [PMID: 38276220 PMCID: PMC10817644 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Current management of patients with congenital heart disease has increased their survival into adulthood. This is accompanied by potential cardiac complications, including pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD). PAH-CHD constitutes a challenging subgroup of pulmonary hypertension and requires expert management to improve quality of life and prognosis. Novel agents have shown a significant improvement in morbidity and mortality in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, the long-term effects of these medications on PAH-CHD patients remain somewhat uncertain, necessitating treatment plans largely founded on the clinical experience of the healthcare providers. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence and future perspectives regarding treatment strategies for PAH-CHD to help better guide management of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K. Mahmoud
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Mohammed Tiseer Abbas
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Moaz A. Kamel
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Juan M. Farina
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Milagros Pereyra
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Isabel G. Scalia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Timothy Barry
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Chieh-Ju Chao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Francois Marcotte
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Chadi Ayoub
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Robert L. Scott
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - David S. Majdalany
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Reza Arsanjani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA; (A.K.M.)
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9
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Wang Z, Li X, Li M, Peng J, Zhang H. The efficacy of the treat-repair-treat strategy for severe pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease: a meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:569. [PMID: 37986143 PMCID: PMC10662905 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the treat-repair-treat (TRT) strategy in the treatment of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension with congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD). METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and Web of Science online databases were searched by two independent investigators for studies that used the TRT strategy for PAH-CHD, and the retrieved studies were reviewed by a third investigator. The main outcomes were pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and transcutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2). The changes were compared between follow-up and baseline. Stata version 14.0 was used for data analysis. A random-effects model was selected for meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to find the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 335 patients from 9 single-arm studies were included. Meta-analysis showed significant reductions in PAP and PVR and improvements in 6MWD and SpO2 (PAP: SMD -2.73 95% CI -2.97, - 2.50 p = < 0.001; PVR: SMD -1.27 95% CI -1.53, - 1.02 p = < 0.001; 6MWD: SMD 1.88 95% CI 1.49, 2.27 p = < 0.001; SpO2: SMD 3.72 95% CI 3.13, 4.32 p = < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that younger patients had better efficacy, and the change in SpO2 was an indication for patient selection. The combined mortality rate was 5% at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In this meta-analysis, we demonstrated that the TRT strategy may have positive effects on haemodynamics and cardiac function in patients with severe PAH-CHD at short-term follow-up. Our analysis suggests that changes in age and SpO2 may be related to patient prognosis. TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol was registered on the PROSPERO website with the registration number CRD42022366552. The relevant registration information can be obtained from the website https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#searchadvanced .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89, Donggang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89, Donggang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Mengxuan Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89, Donggang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89, Donggang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 89, Donggang Road, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China.
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10
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Seol JH, Jung SY, Lee HB, Kim AY, Kim EH, Min IK, Kim NK, Choi JY. Outcomes in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Underwent Transcatheter Closure of an Atrial Septal Defect. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072540. [PMID: 37048624 PMCID: PMC10095540 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) related to an atrial septal defect (ASD) poses a challenge to transcatheter closure of an ASD (tcASD). We aimed to determine the predictors for remaining PAH (rPAH) post-tcASD. This retrospective study was conducted at a single tertiary university hospital. Adult patients with an ASD and PAH were divided into three groups according to pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Normalization of pulmonary atrial systolic pressure (PASP) was defined as an estimated right ventricular systolic pressure < 40 mmHg and was determined using transthoracic echocardiography. Among 119 patients, 80% showed PAH normalization post-tcASD. Normalization of PAH post-tcASD was observed in 100%, 56.2%, and 28.6% of patients in mild, moderate, and severe PVR groups, respectively. The patients’ New York Heart Association functional class improved. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age and high PVR were significant risk factors for rPAH. A receiving operator curve analysis showed a PASP cutoff value > 67.5 mmHg to be predictive of rPAH post-tcASD, with an area under the curve value of 0.944 (sensitivity, 0.922; specificity 0.933). Most patients, including moderate-to-severe PAH patients, improved hemodynamically and clinically with tcASD. Since patients with severe PAH are at a risk of rPAH, tcASD should be performed by selecting the patient carefully based on pre-procedure medication, a vasoreactivity test, and a balloon occlusion test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hee Seol
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Congenital Heart Disease Center, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yong Jung
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Congenital Heart Disease Center, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Byul Lee
- Division of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Young Kim
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Congenital Heart Disease Center, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hwa Kim
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyung Min
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Kyun Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (N.-K.K.); (J.-Y.C.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-8280 (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Jae-Young Choi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Congenital Heart Disease Center, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (N.-K.K.); (J.-Y.C.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-8280 (J.-Y.C.)
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