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Thompson A, Fleischmann KE, Smilowitz NR, de Las Fuentes L, Mukherjee D, Aggarwal NR, Ahmad FS, Allen RB, Altin SE, Auerbach A, Berger JS, Chow B, Dakik HA, Eisenstein EL, Gerhard-Herman M, Ghadimi K, Kachulis B, Leclerc J, Lee CS, Macaulay TE, Mates G, Merli GJ, Parwani P, Poole JE, Rich MW, Ruetzler K, Stain SC, Sweitzer B, Talbot AW, Vallabhajosyula S, Whittle J, Williams KA. 2024 AHA/ACC/ACS/ASNC/HRS/SCA/SCCT/SCMR/SVM Guideline for Perioperative Cardiovascular Management for Noncardiac Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024:S0735-1097(24)07611-3. [PMID: 39320289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
AIM The "2024 AHA/ACC/ACS/ASNC/HRS/SCA/SCCT/SCMR/SVM Guideline for Perioperative Cardiovascular Management for Noncardiac Surgery" provides recommendations to guide clinicians in the perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of adult patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from August 2022 to March 2023 to identify clinical studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other selected databases relevant to this guideline. STRUCTURE Recommendations from the "2014 ACC/AHA Guideline on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Management of Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery" have been updated with new evidence consolidated to guide clinicians; clinicians should be advised this guideline supersedes the previously published 2014 guideline. In addition, evidence-based management strategies, including pharmacological therapies, perioperative monitoring, and devices, for cardiovascular disease and associated medical conditions, have been developed.
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Giamberti A, Ferrero P, Caldaroni F, Varrica A, Pasqualin G, D'Aiello F, Bergonzoni E, Ranucci M, Chessa M. The Appraisal of Adults with Congenital Heart Disease: Lesson from Comparison of Surgical Outcomes. Pediatr Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00246-024-03517-6. [PMID: 38802599 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-024-03517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The population of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) is constantly growing. There seems to be a consensus that these patients are difficult to manage especially if compared to patients with acquired heart disease. The aim of this study is to compare outcomes and results of cardiac surgery in ACHD patients with a reference population of adults with acquired cardiac disease. Retrospective study of 5053 consecutive patients older than 18 years hospitalized for cardiac surgery during a 5-years period in our Institution. Two groups of patients were identified. Group I: 419 patients operated for congenital heart disease; Group II: 4634 patients operated for acquired heart disease. In each Group were identified low, medium, and high-risk patients, according to validated scores. Right ventricular outflow tract surgery was the most frequent procedure in Group I, while coronary artery by-pass grafting was the most common in Group II. Patients with ACHD were younger (37.8 vs. 67.7 years), with higher number of previous operations (32.1% vs. 6.9%), had longer post-ICU hospital stay (11 vs. 8 days) but had lower ICU stay (1 vs. 2 days), shorter assisted mechanical ventilation (12 vs. 14 h) and lower surgical mortality (1 vs. 3.7%) (all p < 0.001). No differences were found in term of post-operative complications (12.4 vs. 15%). The surgical treatment of ACHD patients can be done with excellent results and if compared with acquired cardiac disease patients they have better results with shorter ICU stay and lower mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Giamberti
- Department of Congenital Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University Hospital, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato M.se, MI, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ferrero
- ACHD Unit - Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato M.se, MI, Italy
| | - Federica Caldaroni
- Department of Congenital Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University Hospital, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato M.se, MI, Italy
| | - Alessandro Varrica
- Department of Congenital Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University Hospital, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato M.se, MI, Italy
| | - Giulia Pasqualin
- ACHD Unit - Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato M.se, MI, Italy
| | - Fabio D'Aiello
- ACHD Unit - Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato M.se, MI, Italy
| | - Emma Bergonzoni
- Department of Congenital Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University Hospital, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato M.se, MI, Italy
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Ranucci
- Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato M.se, MI, Italy
| | - Massimo Chessa
- ACHD Unit - Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato M.se, MI, Italy
- UniSR - Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Ebrahimian S, Chervu N, Hadaya J, Cho NY, Kronen E, Sakowitz S, Verma A, Bakhtiyar SS, Sanaiha Y, Benharash P. National outcomes of expedited discharge following esophagectomy for malignancy. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297470. [PMID: 38394104 PMCID: PMC10889881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expedited discharge following esophagectomy is controversial due to concerns for higher readmissions and financial burden. The present study aimed to evaluate the association of expedited discharge with hospitalization costs and unplanned readmissions following esophagectomy for malignant lesions. METHODS Adults undergoing elective esophagectomy for cancer were identified in the 2014-2019 Nationwide Readmissions Database. Patients discharged by postoperative day 7 were considered Expedited and others as Routine. Patients who did not survive to discharge or had major perioperative complications were excluded. Multivariable regression models were constructed to assess association of expedited discharge with index hospitalization costs as well as 30- and 90-day non-elective readmissions. RESULTS Of 9,886 patients who met study criteria, 34.6% comprised the Expedited cohort. After adjustment, female sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.71, p = 0.001) and increasing Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (AOR 0.88/point, p<0.001) were associated with lower odds of expedited discharge, while laparoscopic (AOR 1.63, p<0.001, Ref: open) and robotic (AOR 1.67, p = 0.003, Ref: open) approach were linked to greater likelihood. Patients at centers in the highest-tertile of minimally invasive esophagectomy volume had increased odds of expedited discharge (AOR 1.52, p = 0.025, Ref: lowest-tertile). On multivariable analysis, expedited discharge was independently associated with an $8,300 reduction in hospitalization costs. Notably, expedited discharge was associated with similar odds of 30-day (AOR 1.10, p = 0.40) and 90-day (AOR 0.90, p = 0.70) unplanned readmissions. CONCLUSION Expedited discharge after esophagectomy was associated with decreased costs and unaltered readmissions. Prospective studies are necessary to robustly evaluate whether expedited discharge is appropriate for select patients undergoing esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Ebrahimian
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Nikhil Chervu
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Joseph Hadaya
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Nam Yong Cho
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Elsa Kronen
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Sara Sakowitz
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Arjun Verma
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Syed Shahyan Bakhtiyar
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Yas Sanaiha
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Peyman Benharash
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Sakowitz S, Bakhtiyar SS, Ali K, Mallick S, Williamson C, Benharash P. Outcomes following major thoracoabdominal cancer resection in adults with congenital heart disease. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295767. [PMID: 38165963 PMCID: PMC10760660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While advances in medical and surgical management have allowed >97% of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients to reach adulthood, a growing number are presenting with non-cardiovascular malignancies. Indeed, adults with CHD are reported to face a 20% increase in cancer risk, relative to others, and cancer has become the fourth leading cause of death among this population. Surgical resection remains a mainstay in management of thoracoabdominal cancers. However, outcomes following cancer resection among these patients have not been well established. Thus, we sought to characterize clinical and financial outcomes following major cancer resections among adult CHD patients. METHODS The 2012-2020 National Inpatient Sample was queried for all adults (CHD or non-CHD) undergoing lobectomy, esophagectomy, gastrectomy, pancreatectomy, hepatectomy, or colectomy for cancer. To adjust for intergroup differences in baseline characteristics, entropy balancing was applied to generate balanced patient groups. Multivariable models were constructed to assess outcomes of interest. RESULTS Of 905,830 patients undergoing cancer resection, 1,480 (0.2%) had concomitant CHD. The overall prevalence of such patients increased from <0.1% in 2012 to 0.3% in 2012 (P for trend<0.001). Following risk adjustment, CHD was linked with greater in-hospital mortality (AOR 2.00, 95%CI 1.06-3.76), as well as a notable increase in odds of stroke (AOR 8.94, 95%CI 4.54-17.60), but no statistically significant difference in cardiac (AOR 1.33, 95%CI 0.69-2.59) or renal complications (AOR 1.35, 95%CI 0.92-1.97). Further, CHD was associated with a +2.39 day incremental increase in duration of hospitalization (95%CI +1.04-3.74) and a +$11,760 per-patient increase in hospitalization expenditures (95%CI +$4,160-19,360). CONCLUSIONS While a growing number of patients with CHD are undergoing cancer resection, they demonstrate inferior clinical and financial outcomes, relative to others. Novel screening, risk stratification, and perioperative management guidelines are needed for these patients to provide evidence-based recommendations for this complex and unique cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sakowitz
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Syed Shahyan Bakhtiyar
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Konmal Ali
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Saad Mallick
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Catherine Williamson
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Peyman Benharash
- Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories (CORELAB), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Friess JO, França UL, Valente AM, DiNardo JA, McManus ML, Nasr VG. Patterns in hospital admissions for adults with congenital heart disease for non-cardiac procedures. Open Heart 2023; 10:e002410. [PMID: 37657849 PMCID: PMC10476118 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2023-002410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Advances in management of congenital heart disease (CHD) have led to an increasing population of adults with CHD, many of whom require non-cardiac procedures. The objectives of this study were to describe the characteristics of these patients, their distribution among different hospital categories and the characteristics determining this distribution, and mortality rates following noncardiac procedures. METHODS We retrospectively analysed 27 state inpatient databases. Encounters with CHD and non-cardiac procedures were included. The location of care was classified into two categories: hospitals with and without cardiac surgical programmes. Variables included were demographics, comorbidity index, mortality. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore predictors for care in different locations. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 12 944 encounters in 1206 hospitals. Most patients were cared for in hospitals with a cardiac surgical programme (78.1%). Patients presenting to hospitals with a cardiac surgical programme presented with higher comorbidity index (6 (IQR: 0-19) vs 2 (IQR: -3-14), p<0.001) than patients presenting to hospitals without a cardiac surgical programme. Mortality was higher in hospitals with cardiac surgical programmes compared with hospitals without cardiac surgical programmes (4.0% vs 2.3%, p<0.001). Factors associated with provision of care at a hospital with a cardiac surgical programme were comorbidity index (>7: OR 2.01 (95% CI 1.83 to 2.21), p<0.001; 2-7: OR 1.59 (95% CI 1.41 to 1.79), p<0.001) and age (18-44 years: OR 1.43 (95% CI 1.26 to 1.62), p<0.001; 45-64 years: OR 1.21 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.34), p<0.001). CONCLUSION Adults with CHD undergoing non-cardiac procedures are mainly cared for in hospitals with a cardiac surgical programme and have greater comorbidities and higher mortality than those in centres without cardiac surgical programmes. Risk stratification and locoregional accessibility need further assessment to fully understand admission patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Oliver Friess
- Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Urbano L França
- Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - James A DiNardo
- Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael L McManus
- Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Viviane G Nasr
- Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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