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Perek S, Nussinovitch U, Sagi N, Gidron Y, Raz-Pasteur A. Prognostic implications of ultra-short heart rate variability indices in hospitalized patients with infective endocarditis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287607. [PMID: 37352199 PMCID: PMC10289432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis (IE) is a disease that poses a serious health risk. It is important to identify high-risk patients early in the course of their treatment. In the current study, we evaluated the prognostic value of ultra-short heart-rate variability (HRV), an index of vagal nerve activity, in IE. METHODS Retrospective analysis was performed on adult patients admitted to a tertiary hospital due to IE. A logistic regression (LR) was used to determine whether clinical, laboratory, and HRV parameters were predictive of specific clinical features (valve type, staphylococcal infection) or severe short-term complications (cardiac, metastatic infection, and death). The accuracy of the model was evaluated through the measurement of the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). An analysis of survival was conducted using Cox regression. A number of HRV indices were calculated, including the standard deviation of normal heart-beat intervals (SDNN) and the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD). RESULTS 75 patients, aged 60.3(±18.6) years old, were examined. When compared with published age- and gender-adjusted HRV norms, SDNN and RMSSD were found to be relatively low in our cohort (75%-76% lower than the median; 33%-41% lower than the 2nd percentile). 26(34.6%) patients developed a metastatic infection, with RMSSD<7.03ms (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 9.340, p = 0.002), incorporated in a multivariate LR model (AUC 0.833). Furthermore, 27(36.0%) patients were diagnosed with Staphylococcus IE, with SDNN<4.92ms (aOR 5.235, p = 0.004), a major component of the multivariate LR model (AUC 0.741). Multivariate Cox regression survival model, included RMSSD (HR 1.008, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION SDNN, and particularly RMSSD, derived from ultra-short ECG recordings, may provide prognostic information about patients presenting with IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Perek
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Udi Nussinovitch
- Department of Cardiology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Neta Sagi
- Department of Pediatrics A, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yori Gidron
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ayelet Raz-Pasteur
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Ferro P, Boni R, Slart RH, Erba PA. Imaging of Endocarditis and Cardiac Device-Related Infections: An Update. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:184-198. [PMID: 36740487 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IE is a deadly disease requiring prompt diagnosis for adequate patient's management. The diagnosis requires the integration of clinical signs, microbiology data and imaging data and proper discussion within a multidisciplinary team, the endocarditis team. Since the introduction of 18F-FDG-PET/CT and WBC SPECT/CT in the diagnostic algorithm of PVE the nuclear medicine imaging specialists is active part of the Endocarditis Team, requiring proper knowledge of dedicated imaging acquisition protocols, expertise for imaging reading and interpretations to select the best test or combination of tests for each specific clinical situation. In this manuscript, we will review the main technical aspects of each imaging procedure, the most recent literature with specific regards to special challenging populations and provide clinical examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ferro
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, ASST Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Roberto Boni
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, ASST Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Riemer Hja Slart
- Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Faculty of Science and Technology, Biomedical Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Anna Erba
- Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca and Nuclear Medicine Unit ASST Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
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Williams AM, Shah NP, Rosengart T, Povsic TJ, Williams AR. Emerging role of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in cardiac surgery. J Card Surg 2022; 37:4158-4164. [PMID: 36345705 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.16992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Historically, structural and anatomical imaging has been the mainstay in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years there has been a shift toward increased use of functional imaging studies, including positron emission tomography (PET). PET is a noninvasive nuclear medicine-imaging technique that uses radiotracers to generate images of a radionucleotide distribution by detecting the physiologic substrates that emit positron radionuclides. This article will focus on the applications of PET imaging for the cardiac surgeon and highlight the collaborative nature of using PET imaging for the management of complex heart disease. We present cases that demonstrate the value of using PET imaging in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and management of complex endocarditis, and in targeted cardiovascular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Williams
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nishant P Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Todd Rosengart
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas J Povsic
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam R Williams
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Ten Hove D, Slart RHJA, Sinha B, Glaudemans AWJM, Budde RPJ. 18F-FDG PET/CT in Infective Endocarditis: Indications and Approaches for Standardization. Curr Cardiol Rep 2021; 23:130. [PMID: 34363148 PMCID: PMC8346431 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-021-01542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Additional imaging modalities, such as FDG-PET/CT, have been included into the workup for patients with suspected infective endocarditis, according to major international guidelines published in 2015. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of FDG-PET/CT indications and standardized approaches in the setting of suspected infective endocarditis. Recent Findings There are two main indications for performing FDG-PET/CT in patients with suspected infective endocarditis: (i) detecting intracardiac infections and (ii) detection of (clinically silent) disseminated infectious disease. The diagnostic performance of FDG-PET/CT for intracardiac lesions depends on the presence of native valves, prosthetic valves, or implanted cardiac devices, with a sensitivity that is poor for native valve endocarditis and cardiac device-related lead infections, but much better for prosthetic valve endocarditis and cardiac device-related pocket infections. Specificity is high for all these indications. The detection of disseminated disease may also help establish the diagnosis and/or impact patient management. Summary Based on current evidence, FDG-PET/CT should be considered for detection of disseminated disease in suspected endocarditis. Absence of intracardiac lesions on FDG-PET/CT cannot rule out native valve endocarditis, but positive findings strongly support the diagnosis. For prosthetic valve endocarditis, standard use of FDG-PET/CT is recommended because of its high sensitivity and specificity. For implanted cardiac devices, FDG-PET/CT is also recommended, but should be evaluated with careful attention to clinical context, because its sensitivity is high for pocket infections, but low for lead infections. In patients with prosthetic valves with or without additional aortic prosthesis, combination with CTA should be considered. Optimal timing of FDG-PET/CT is important, both during clinical workup and technically (i.e., post tracer injection). In addition, procedural standardization is key and encompasses patient preparation, scan acquisition, reconstruction, subsequent analysis, and clinical interpretation. The recommendations discussed here will hopefully contribute to improved standardization and enhanced performance of FDG-PET/CT in the clinical management of patients with suspected infective endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ten Hove
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - R H J A Slart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - B Sinha
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A W J M Glaudemans
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R P J Budde
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Mestres CA, Fita G, Azqueta M, Miró JM. Role of echocardiogram in decision making for surgery in endocarditis. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2011; 12:321-8. [PMID: 21308513 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-010-0124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Infective endocarditis is a serious disease that carries significant morbidity and mortality. Adequate treatment is based on a high degree of clinical suspicion, accurate microbiologic diagnosis, and high-quality imaging. Echocardiography has been shown to be a fundamental tool for diagnosis and management. Currently accepted Duke criteria include blood cultures and echocardiography. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography play a critical role in the decision-making process, especially when surgical treatment is contemplated. Because infective endocarditis is considered a medical and surgical disease, and considering that the current rate of surgery is about 50%, echocardiography has definite value in preoperative diagnosis and surgical planning, intraoperative confirmation of lesions and quality of repair or replacement before and after cardiopulmonary bypass, and postoperative assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos-A Mestres
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain,
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Otero HJ, Rybicki FJ, Greenberg D, Mitsouras D, Mendoza JA, Neumann PJ. Cost-effective diagnostic cardiovascular imaging: when does it provide good value for the money? Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2010; 26:605-12. [PMID: 20446040 PMCID: PMC2927101 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-010-9634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To summarize the results of all original cost-utility analyses (CUAs) in diagnostic cardiovascular imaging (CVI) and characterize those technologies by estimates of their cost-effectiveness. We systematically searched the literature for original CVI CUAs published between 2000 and 2008. Studies were classified according to several variables including anatomy of interest (e.g. cerebrovascular, aorta, peripheral) and imaging modality under study (e.g. angiography, ultrasound). The results of each study, expressed as cost of the intervention to number of quality-adjusted life years saved ratio (cost/QALY) were additionally classified as favorable or not using $20,000, $50,000, and $100,000 per QALY thresholds. The distribution of results was assessed with Chi Square or Fisher exact test, as indicated. Sixty-nine percent of all cardiovascular imaging CUAs were published between 2000 and 2008. Thirty-two studies reporting 82 cost/QALY ratios were included in the final sample. The most common vascular areas studied were cerebrovascular (n = 9) and cardiac (n = 8). Sixty-six percent (21/32) of studies focused on sonography, followed by conventional angiography and CT (25%, n = 8, each). Twenty-nine (35.4%), 42 (51.2%), and 53 (64.6%) ratios were favorable at WTP $20,000/QALY, $50,000/QALY, and $100,000/QALY, respectively. Thirty (36.6%) ratios compared one imaging test versus medical or surgical interventions; 26 (31.7%) ratios compared imaging to a different imaging test and another 26 (31.7%) to no intervention. Imaging interventions were more likely (P < 0.01) to be favorable when compared to observation, medical treatment or non-intervention than when compared to a different imaging test at WTP $100,000/QALY. The diagnostic cardiovascular imaging literature has growth substantially. The studies available have, in general, favorable cost-effectiveness profiles with major determinants relating to being compared against observation, medical or no intervention instead of other imaging tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansel J Otero
- Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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