1
|
Galzerano D, Pergola V, Eltayeb A, Ludovica F, Arbili L, Tashkandi L, Michele SD, Barchitta A, Parato MV, Salvo GD. Echocardiography in Simple Congenital Heart Diseases: Guiding Adult Patient Management. J Cardiovasc Echogr 2023; 33:171-182. [PMID: 38486692 PMCID: PMC10936704 DOI: 10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_52_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This article provides comprehensive insights into the evaluation of simple congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in adults, emphasizing the pivotal role of echocardiography. By focusing on conditions such as congenital aortic stenosis, aortic coarctation, patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defects (ASDs), and ventricular septal defects (VSDs), the review underscores echocardiography's intricate contributions to precise clinical decision-making. Echocardiography serves as the primary imaging modality, offering high-resolution visualization of anatomical anomalies and quantification of hemodynamic parameters. It enables tailored therapeutic strategies through its capacity to discern the dimensions, spatial orientation, and dynamic shunt dynamics of defects such as ASDs and VSDs. Moreover, echocardiography's advanced techniques, such as tissue Doppler imaging and speckle tracking, provide detailed insights into atrial mechanics, diastolic function, and ventricular filling kinetics. Integration of echocardiographic findings into clinical practice empowers clinicians to create personalized interventions based on quantified ventricular function, which spans systolic and diastolic aspects. This approach facilitates risk stratification and therapeutic planning, particularly pertinent in heart failure management within the CHD patient population. In summary, echocardiography transcends its role as an imaging tool, emerging as a precision-guided instrument adept at navigating the complexities of simple CHD in adults. Its ability to expedite diagnosis, quantify hemodynamic impacts, and unravel multifaceted functional dynamics culminates in a comprehensive depiction of these conditions. The fusion of these insights with clinical expertise empowers clinicians to navigate the intricate pathways of CHD, crafting tailored therapeutic strategies characterized by precision and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Galzerano
- The Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valeria Pergola
- Cardiology Division, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Abdalla Eltayeb
- The Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fulgione Ludovica
- Department of Diagnostic Radiological Imaging, Maddaloni Hospital, Maddaloni (CE), Roma, Italy
| | - Lana Arbili
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Loay Tashkandi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Maurizio Vito Parato
- Cardiology Division, Madonna del Soccorso Hospital, San Benedetto del Tronto, AP, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Salvo
- Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease Division, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rigby M. Atrioventricular Septal Defect: What Is in a Name? J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:19. [PMID: 33671890 PMCID: PMC7918985 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Robert Anderson has made a huge contribution to almost all aspects of morphology and understanding of congenital cardiac malformations, none more so than the group of anomalies that many of those in the practice of paediatric cardiology and adult congenital heart disease now call 'Atrioventricular Septal Defect' (AVSD). In 1982, with Anton Becker working in Amsterdam, their hallmark 'What's in a name?' editorial was published in the Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. At that time most described the group of lesions as 'atrioventricular canal malformation' or 'endocardial cushion defect'. Perhaps more significantly, the so-called ostium primum defect was thought to represent a partial variant. It was also universally thought, at that time, that the left atrioventricular valve was no more than a mitral valve with a cleft in the aortic leaflet. In addition to this, lesions such as isolated cleft of the mitral valve, large ventricular septal defects opening to the inlet of the right and hearts with straddling or overriding tricuspid valve were variations of the atrioventricular canal malformation. Anderson and Becker emphasised the differences between the atrioventricular junction in the normal heart and those with a common junction for which they recommended the generic name, 'atrioventricular septal defect'. As I will discuss, over many years, they continued to work with clinical cardiologists and cardiac surgeons to refine diagnostic criteria and transform the classification and understanding of this complex group of anomalies. Their emphasis was always on accurate diagnosis and communication, which is conveyed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rigby
- MD FRCP FRCPCH, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, UK
| |
Collapse
|