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Koneti N, Dhulipudi B, Bakhru S, Singh J. Transhepatic device closure of atrial septal defect in children associated with interrupted inferior vena cava. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2022; 15:160-163. [PMID: 36246740 PMCID: PMC9564410 DOI: 10.4103/apc.apc_228_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous transcatheter closure of fossa ovalis atrial septal defect (FOASD) is an established procedure. When femoral venous approach is unfeasible due to interrupted inferior vena cava (IVC) or occluded femoral veins, other interventional methods through transjugular, transhepatic approach, or surgical closure can be performed. We report two cases of transhepatic device closure of FOASD associated with IVC interruption successfully performed without any complications.
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2
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Randall JT, Aldoss OT, Law IH, Divekar AA. Novel direct approach for placement of permanent transvenous pacing leads after Fontan procedure. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 11:187-190. [PMID: 29922016 PMCID: PMC5963233 DOI: 10.4103/apc.apc_157_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for transvenous pacing (patients who have exhausted epicardial options) after a Fontan-type operation has been recognized. Many novel strategies have been proposed, but currently, all of them require additional maneuvers or rerouting of the leads to the pacemaker pocket. In this report, we describe a novel direct approach to transvenous pacing after a Fontan-type operation from a standard, prepectoral approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess T Randall
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Osamah T Aldoss
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ian H Law
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Abhay A Divekar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Ward Family Heart Center, Childrens Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Hernández-Madrid A, Paul T, Abrams D, Aziz PF, Blom NA, Chen J, Chessa M, Combes N, Dagres N, Diller G, Ernst S, Giamberti A, Hebe J, Janousek J, Kriebel T, Moltedo J, Moreno J, Peinado R, Pison L, Rosenthal E, Skinner JR, Zeppenfeld K, Sticherling C, Kautzner J, Wissner E, Sommer P, Gupta D, Szili-Torok T, Tateno S, Alfaro A, Budts W, Gallego P, Schwerzmann M, Milanesi O, Sarquella-Brugada G, Kornyei L, Sreeram N, Drago F, Dubin A. Arrhythmias in congenital heart disease: a position paper of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Working Group on Grown-up Congenital heart disease, endorsed by HRS, PACES, APHRS, and SOLAECE. Europace 2018; 20:1719-1753. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Hernández-Madrid
- Department of Cardiology, Arrhythmia Unit, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Alcalá University, Carretera Colmenar Viejo, km 9, 100, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Paul
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Georg August University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominic Abrams
- PACES (Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society) Representative, Department of Cardiology, Boston Childreńs Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter F Aziz
- HRS Representative, Pediatric Electrophysiology, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nico A Blom
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Academical Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Massimo Chessa
- Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Centre-University Hospital, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolas Combes
- Arrhythmia Unit, Department of Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France
| | - Nikolaos Dagres
- Department of Electrophysiology, University Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Ernst
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Giamberti
- Congenital Cardiac Surgery Unit, Policlinico San Donato, University and Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Joachim Hebe
- Center for Electrophysiology at Heart Center Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jan Janousek
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Children's Heart Centre, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Kriebel
- Westpfalz-Klinikum Kaiserslautern, Children’s Hospital, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jose Moltedo
- SOLAECE Representative, Head Pediatric Electrophysiology, Section of Pediatric Cardiology Clinica y Maternidad Suizo Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Moreno
- Department of Cardiology, Arrhythmia Unit, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Alcalá University, Carretera Colmenar Viejo, km 9, 100, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Peinado
- Department of Cardiology, Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital la Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laurent Pison
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Eric Rosenthal
- Consultant Paediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiologist, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital Trust, London, UK
| | - Jonathan R Skinner
- APHRS Representative, Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Services Starship Childreńs Hospital, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Katja Zeppenfeld
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joseph Kautzner
- Institute For Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Wissner
- University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., 905 S (MC715), Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philipp Sommer
- Heart Center Leipzig, Struempellstr. 39, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dhiraj Gupta
- Consultant Electrophysiologist Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Honorary Senior Lecturer Imperial College London and University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Shigeru Tateno
- Chiba Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Tsurumai, Ichihara, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Werner Budts
- UZ Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Markus Schwerzmann
- INSELSPITAL, Universitätsspital Bern, Universitätsklinik für Kardiologie, Zentrum für angeborene Herzfehler ZAH, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ornella Milanesi
- Department of Woman and Child's Health, University of Padua, Padua Italy
| | - Georgia Sarquella-Brugada
- Pediatric Arrhythmias, Electrophysiology and Sudden Death Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona - Universitat de Barcelona, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, Esplugues, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Laszlo Kornyei
- Gottsegen Gyorgy Orszagos Kardiologiai, Pediatric, Haller U. 29, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Narayanswami Sreeram
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Of Cologne, Kerpenerstrasse 62, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Drago
- IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, Roma
| | - Anne Dubin
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, 750 Welch Rd, Suite 321, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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4
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Harake DE, Shannon KM, Aboulhosn JA, Moore JP. Transvenous pacemaker implantation after the bidirectional Glenn operation for patients with complex congenital disease. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2017; 29:497-503. [PMID: 29240293 DOI: 10.1111/jce.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The bidirectional Glenn operation for congenital heart disease produces anatomical constraints to conventional transvenous pacemaker implantation. An iliac approach, although not previously described in this population, is potentially a preferable alternative to a thoracotomy for epicardial pacing. METHODS AND RESULTS A single-center retrospective review was performed for all patients that underwent transvenous pacemaker implantation following the bidirectional Glenn operation with partial biventricular repair. Follow-up data, implant indications, and techniques were recorded. Five patients underwent a transvenous iliac approach (median age 26.9 years, interquartile range [IQR] 25.8-27.6). Pacing indications included AV block in 3 patients (2 requiring cardiac resychronization therapy) and sinus node dysfunction in 2. Implanted leads were atrial in 4 and ventricular in 3 (1 of the latter was placed in the coronary sinus). In two cases, transvenous leads were tunneled to a preexisting epicardial abdominal generator. Median follow-up was 4.1 years (range 1.0-16.7 years). One patient underwent device revision for lead position-related groin discomfort; a second patient developed atrial lead failure following a Maze operation and underwent lead replacement by the iliac approach. Patients were not routinely anticoagulated postprocedure given lead position in the subpulmonary circulation. At last follow-up, all patients were alive. One patient underwent heart transplantation 6 months after implant with only partial resolution of pacing-induced cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSIONS Trans-iliac pacemaker placement may be an effective alternative to surgery for patients requiring permanent pacing after the Glenn operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Harake
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin M Shannon
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ahmanson/University of California Los Angeles Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jamil A Aboulhosn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ahmanson/University of California Los Angeles Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeremy P Moore
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ahmanson/University of California Los Angeles Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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5
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Cecchin F, Halpern DG. Cardiac Arrhythmias in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease: Pacemakers, Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators, and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2017; 9:319-328. [PMID: 28457245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Implanting cardiac rhythm medical devices in adults with congenital heart disease requires training in congenital heart disease. The techniques and indications for device implantation are specific to the anatomic diagnosis and state of disease progression. It often requires a team of physicians and is best performed at a specialized adult congenital heart center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Cecchin
- NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Daniel G Halpern
- NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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6
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Singhi A, Sheriff EA, Sivakumar K. Transhepatic permanent pacing in a child with complex cyanotic heart disease after total cavo pulmonary shunt (Kawashima repair). Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2016; 16:73-76. [PMID: 27676165 PMCID: PMC5031869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipej.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex cyanotic congenital heart diseases with left isomerism are sometimes associated with atrioventricular nodal conduction disturbances that may need permanent pacing. Surgical palliation in such anatomy connecting the superior vena cava to the pulmonary artery precludes a transvenous access for an endocardial pacing lead to the ventricles. Epicardial leads in these patients fail if the pacing thresholds are very high. We report transhepatic permanent ventricular lead implantation for a young boy with heterotaxy complicated by complete heart block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anilkumar Singhi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Institute of CardioVascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, 600037, India
| | - Ejaz Ahmed Sheriff
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Institute of CardioVascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, 600037, India
| | - Kothandam Sivakumar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Institute of CardioVascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, 600037, India.
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7
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Jehan Iqbal Z, Cao L, Chiang K, Adusumalli S, Khalid F, Nekkanti R. Transhepatic radiofrequency ablation of a cavotricuspid isthmus–dependent atrial flutter. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2016; 2:241-243. [PMID: 28491678 PMCID: PMC5419764 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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ROSENTHAL ERIC, KONTA LAURA. Transvenous Atrial Pacing from the Superior Vena Cava Stump after the Hemi-Fontan Operation-A New Approach. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2013; 37:531-6. [DOI: 10.1111/pace.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ERIC ROSENTHAL
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology; Evelina London Children's Hospital; Guy's & St. Thomas NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - LAURA KONTA
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Gottsegen Gyorgy Hungarian Institute of Cardiology; Budapest Hungary
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9
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STEADMAN CHRISTOPHERD, CLIFT PAUL, THORNE SARAA, DE GIOVANNI JOSEPHV. Transvenous Pacing via a Disconnected Superior Vena Cava in a Patient with Transposition of the Great Arteries. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2008; 31:1226-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2008.01168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Patel MB, Punnam SR, Gupta AK, Murthy KS, Thakur RK. Post Glenn Shunt: How to Pace? PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2007; 30:672-4. [PMID: 17461878 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2007.00729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehul B Patel
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Institute, Sparrow Health System, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan 48910, USA
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P Walsh
- Electrophysiology Division, Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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12
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Abstract
Adults with congenital heart disease constitute one of the fastest growing populations in cardiology. Pacing is an integral part of their therapy and may reduce their morbidity and mortality significantly. The current generation of pacemakers is more sophisticated and complex, and they are being utilized for indications other than conduction abnormalities, such as termination of tachycardia and improvement of heart failure. The complex anatomy and history of multiple previous surgeries in adults with congenital heart disease, however, pose many limitations and technical challenges related to the placement of a pacemaker. Unique and innovative approaches to endocardial lead placement and improved epicardial leads is making pacemaker implantation more feasible in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan S Batra
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
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13
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Emmel M, Sreeram N, Pillekamp F, Boehm W, Brockmeier K. Transhepatic approach for catheter interventions in infants and children with congenital heart disease. Clin Res Cardiol 2006; 95:329-33. [PMID: 16598389 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-006-0382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We report on our experience with transhepatic access for catheter interventions in six children (age range 2.5 months-9 years). Three had systemic venous anomalies, and one infant a femoral venous occlusion. In two further patients with bradyarrhythmia after a Fontan operation with an intraatrial Gore-Tex tunnel, transhepatic access was chosen to achieve a perpendicular orientation of the transseptal needle to the atrial baffle, allowing puncture of the Gore-Tex membrane. Two of the patients underwent ablation of an accessory pathway; in one an atrial septal defect was closed. A 2.5 month old baby after Norwood I operation, underwent balloon dilation of the pulmonary arteries. Two patients after prior Fontan surgery underwent DDDR pacemaker implantation. The size of the introducer sheath ranged from 4 F up to two 9 F introducers in the same vein for pacemaker insertion. At the end of the procedure, hemostasis was achieved by external compression. RESULTS Transhepatic access could be established in all six patients (using a mirror image approach in children with left atrial isomerism) and the interventional procedures could be performed as planned. In one patient with implantation of a permanent pacemaker, a subcutaneous hematoma occurred, requiring blood transfusion. CONCLUSION In selected pediatric patients, transhepatic access for catheter intervention can easily be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Emmel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinderkardiologie, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany
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14
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Ayabakan C, Rosenthal E. Endocardial pacemaker implantation in neonates and infants. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2006; 6:57-62. [PMID: 16943897 PMCID: PMC1501105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transvenous pacemaker lead implantation is the preferred method of pacing in adult patients. Lead performance and longevity are superior and the implantation approach can be performed under local anaesthetic with a very low morbidity. In children, and especially in neonates and infants, the epicardial route was traditionally chosen until the advent of smaller generators and lead implantation techniques that allowed growth of the child without lead displacement. Endocardial implantation is not universally accepted, however, as there is an incidence of venous occlusion of the smaller veins of neonates and infants with concerns for loss of venous access in the future. Growing experience with lower profile leads, however, reveals that endocardial pacing too can be performed with low morbidity and good long-term results in neonates and infants.
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Hansky B, Blanz U, Peuster M, Gueldner H, Sandica E, Crespo-Martinez E, Mathies W, Meyer H, Koerfer R. Endocardial Pacing After Fontan-Type Procedures. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2005; 28:140-8. [PMID: 15679644 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2005.04006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sinus node dysfunction is a frequent complication of Fontan-type procedure. Epicardial pacing is considered as the standard treatment for these patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated an endocardial approach in seven patients using a 4.1 French bipolar lumenless lead (SelectSecure) that is positioned through a steerable guiding catheter. Either a purely transvenous or an open transatrial approach can be used for lead placement. The smallest child weighed 12 kg. Individual anatomy was assessed preimplantation using magnetic resonance imaging and injection of radiographic contrast agent through the guiding catheter. A pullback pressure recording was used to confirm unimpaired blood flow into the pulmonary artery. Five of our seven patients underwent de novo transvenous atrial lead implantation for AAIR pacing. In the remaining two patients, both atrial and ventricular leads were inserted. One patient with an intraatrial tunnel underwent transvenous-lead placement. The remaining patient with an extracardiac conduit received atrial and ventricular leads implanted through a guiding catheter inserted through an atriotomy. The postoperative management included short- or long-term oral anticoagulation. CONCLUSIONS Transvenous endocardial lead implantation avoids the problem of increasing capture thresholds typically observed with epicardial leads. Due to its high tensile strength and lumenless design, the isodiametric lead is expected to remain extractable for an extended period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Hansky
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Ruhr University Bochum, Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
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16
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Shah MJ, Nehgme R, Carboni M, Murphy JD. Endocardial Atrial Pacing Lead Implantation and Midterm Follow-Up in Young Patients with Sinus Node Dysfunction After the Fontan Procedure. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2004; 27:949-54. [PMID: 15271015 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2004.00564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the results of endocardial lead implantation, lead performance, and follow-up in young patients after the Fontan procedure. A retrospective study was conducted with patients who had endocardial atrial pacing for SND and intact AVN function after Fontan from two pediatric centers. Patient demographics, pacing, and sensing data of endocardial atrial leads were analyzed at the time of pacemaker implantation and follow-up visits. Fifteen patients (weight 42.6 +/- 35 kg) had transvenous endocardial atrial lead implantation at an average age of 11.4 +/- 6.5 years. Active-fixation leads were used in all patients and steroid elution was present in 12 (80%) patients. Adequate P wave sensing was obtained in patients with sinus rhythm (n = 10); the remaining four patients had junctional rhythm without measurable P waves. Lead failure was not observed in any patient during the follow-up period of 2.9 +/- 2.1 years. The energy threshold at implantation was 1.46 +/- 1.5 microJ, 1.54 +/- 0.75 microJ at 3 months, 0.62 +/- 0.45 microJ at 1 year, 0.72 +/- 0.65 microJ at 2 years, 0.75 +/- 0.55 microJ at 3 years, and 0.8 +/- 0.85 microJ at 5 years postimplant. The lead impedance was 648 +/- 298 omega at implantation, 714 +/- 163 omega at 3 months, 744 +/- 195 omega at 1 year, 734 +/- 198 omega at 2 years, 800 +/- 142 omega at 3 years and 830 +/- 200 omega 5 years postimplant. Anticoagulation therapy (aspirin n = 5, warfarin n = 8) was continued by 13 patients. Complications consisted of a pneumothorax at implantation and a transient ischemic attack in one patient 4 years after pacemaker implant. Endocardial atrial leads offer low energy thresholds and can be implanted relatively safely in Fontan patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maully J Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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17
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Sreeram N, Emmel M, Brockmeier K. Transhepatic approach for catheter ablation of accessory pathway in a child with complex congenital heart disease. Neth Heart J 2004; 12:173-175. [PMID: 25696319 PMCID: PMC2497086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on a 22-month-old boy with drug-resistant atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia and complex structural heart disease consisting of right atrial isomerism, mirror image orientation of the intrathoracic veins, hemi-azygos continuation to the left superior vena cava, separate drainage of the hepatic veins into the left-sided atrium, congenitally corrected transposition, pulmonary atresia, and atrial and ventricular septal defects. Access to the heart for radiofrequency (RF) ablation was obtained by percutaneous puncture of a hepatic vein, the left internal jugular vein, and femoral artery. The accessory pathway was localised to the free wall of the left-sided AV groove and successfully ablated. There were no procedure-related complications. RF ablation of an accessory pathway is feasible in young children with complex structural heart disease and abnormal systemic venous return. In such patients access to the heart must be planned with knowledge of the anatomy and judicious use of the hepatic venous approach.
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18
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Abstract
Bradyarrhythmias developing after Fontan-type operations impair the function of the univentricular heart causing fatigue, headaches, ascites, and protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). Transvenous inaccessibility, requiring epicardial implantation, accounts for the reluctance to implant a pacemaker (PM). Between 1997 and 2000, 24 patients (mean age 9.5 years, range 6 months to 19 years) with Fontan-type operations received DDD pacing systems with atrial steroid-eluting stitch-on electrodes (mean capture threshold 1.9 V/0.5 ms, range 0.4-3.5 V) and ventricular screw-in electrodes (mean capture threshold 1.7 V/0.5 ms, range 0.1-3 V). The systems were implanted at the time of conversion from atrio- to cavopulmonary connections in 5 patients, at the time of a total cavopulmonary Fontan operation in 6, and 1-50 months thereafter (mean = 18) in 13 patients. A right ventricular anatomy was present in 13 (54%) of 24 of PM recipients, versus 35% of the overall population. After a mean follow-up of 3.5 years, the PM were functioning in DDD mode in 23 of the 24 patients. Length of hospital stay in the ten patients who underwent repeat sternotomy was 5 days, without procedure related complications. In three children a repeat sternotomy was avoided by implanting the atrial electrodes during the Fontan operation. All patients improved clinically, including resolution of PLE in four patients. Bradyarrhythmias may lead to significant morbidity after Fontan-type operations. Electrophysiological evaluation is advised at follow-up. The indication for implantation of a DDD pacemaker system should be liberal. Placing atrial electrodes during the Fontan operation, especially in the presence of a right ventricular anatomy, avoids repeat sternotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus K Heinemann
- Departments of Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital, Tübingen, Langenbeckstr. 1, # 505, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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19
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Bracke FA, van Gelder LM, Sreeram N, Meijer A. Exchange of pacing or defibrillator leads following laser sheath extraction of non-functional leads in patients with ipsilateral obstructed venous access. Heart 2000; 83:E12. [PMID: 10814646 PMCID: PMC1760879 DOI: 10.1136/heart.83.6.e12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Occlusion of the subclavian or brachiocephalic vein in pacemaker or defibrillator patients prohibits ipsilateral implantation of new leads with standard techniques in the event of lead malfunction. Three patients are presented in whom laser sheath extraction of a non-functional lead was performed in order to recanalise the occluded vein and to secure a route for implantation of new leads. This technique avoids abandoning a useful subpectoral site for pacing or defibrillator therapy. The laser sheath does not affect normally functioning leads at the same site.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Bracke
- Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
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Parra Bravo R, Sánchez J, Herraiz Sarachaga I, Cazzaniga M, Fernández Pineda L, Bermúdez Cañete R. Cateterismo cardíaco transhepático en niños. Experiencia de un caso. An Pediatr (Barc) 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1695-4033(00)77388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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