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Rose DM, Sieck CJ, Kaur A, Wheeler KK, Sullivan L, Yang J. Factors Influencing Participation and Engagement in a Teen Safe Driving Intervention: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:928. [PMID: 39063504 PMCID: PMC11276654 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21070928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: Few teen driving safety programs focus on increasing parental engagement with high-risk teen drivers, specifically those with a traffic violation. This study explored parents'/guardians' ('parents') experiences with a teen driving safety program, ProjectDRIVE, including facilitators and barriers to program engagement. (2) Methods: We conducted virtual, semi-structured interviews with parents who completed ProjectDRIVE, which included in-vehicle driving feedback technology and individualized virtual training with parents on effective parent-teen communication. (3) Results: Twenty interviews (with 17 females and three males) were transcribed verbatim and independently coded by three coders using systematic, open, and focused coding. Three major themes were identified: factors influencing a parent's initial decision to participate, factors influencing continued engagement, and perceived benefits of participation. The decision to participate was influenced by these subthemes: parental motivation to help their teen, perceived program usefulness, program endorsement, program incentives, parents' busy schedules, and lack of access to a car/internet. Subthemes impacting continued engagement included enhanced communication skills, teen willingness to engage, strong parental engagement, and teens' other priorities. Perceived benefits included greater self-efficacy in communication, improved communication patterns and frequency, and enhanced parent-teen relationships. (4) Conclusions: These findings may set the foundation for developing and implementing future court-ordered parent-based teen safe driving programs for teens with traffic citations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique M. Rose
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (D.M.R.); (A.K.); (K.K.W.)
| | - Cynthia J. Sieck
- Center for Health Equity, Dayton Children’s Hospital, Dayton, OH 45404, USA;
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Archana Kaur
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (D.M.R.); (A.K.); (K.K.W.)
| | - Krista K. Wheeler
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (D.M.R.); (A.K.); (K.K.W.)
| | - Lindsay Sullivan
- Division of Health Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Jingzhen Yang
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (D.M.R.); (A.K.); (K.K.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Yang J, Peek-Asa C, Zhang Y, Hamann C, Zhu M, Wang Y, Kaur A, Recker R, Rose D, Roth L. ProjectDRIVE: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial to improve driving practices of high-risk teen drivers with a traffic violation. Inj Epidemiol 2024; 11:12. [PMID: 38553746 PMCID: PMC10979602 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-024-00494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teen drivers with a traffic violation are at increased risk for crashes and crash-related injuries; however, most parent-focused interventions target teen drivers with supervised learner's permits. Very few interventions are implemented at the probationary driver's license stage or target high-risk teen drivers, such as those with traffic violations. This paper describes the protocol of ProjectDRIVE, A Randomized Controlled Trial to Improve Driving Practices of High-Risk Teen Drivers with a Traffic Violation, which targets improving parent-teen communication about safe driving practices to reduce unsafe driving behaviors and traffic violation recidivism of teen drivers cited for traffic violation. METHODS Teen drivers (ages 16 or 17) cited for a moving violation and the parent/legal guardian most involved with the teen's driving are recruited from juvenile traffic courts following their required court hearing. After completing informed consent/assent, enrolled dyads are randomized into one of three groups using stratified block randomization: control, device feedback only, or device feedback plus parent communication training. Participating dyads are followed for 6 months with 3 months of active intervention. Using in-vehicle device and smartphone application technology, the study provides real-time and cumulative driving feedback to intervention teens and collects continually recorded, objectively measured driving outcome data throughout the teen's study participation. Primary outcomes include rates of risky driving events and unsafe driving behaviors per 1000 miles driven. Secondary outcomes include traffic violation recidivism up to 12 months following study completion and frequency and quality of parent-teen communication about safe driving practices. DISCUSSION Through partnership with the local juvenile traffic courts, this study integrates recruitment and randomization into existing court practices. Successfully completing this study will significantly impact juvenile traffic court's practices and policies by informing judges' decisions regarding the driving safety programs they refer to teens to prevent motor vehicle crashes and crash-related injuries and deaths. Trial registration The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04317664) on March 19, 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04317664 and updated on April 27, 2021. This protocol was developed per the SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) Checklist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Yang
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, RB3.5.231, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, 700 Children's Drive, RB3.5.231, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
| | - Corinne Peek-Asa
- Office of Research Affairs, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Cara Hamann
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- University of Iowa Injury Prevention Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Motao Zhu
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, RB3.5.231, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, 700 Children's Drive, RB3.5.231, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Archana Kaur
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, RB3.5.231, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA
| | - Robyn Recker
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, RB3.5.231, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA
- Center of Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Dominique Rose
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, RB3.5.231, Columbus, Ohio, 43205, USA
| | - Lisa Roth
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- University of Iowa Injury Prevention Research Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
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A Driver Training Program Intervention for Student Drivers with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Multi-site Randomised Controlled Trial. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 51:3707-3721. [PMID: 33389302 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04825-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this multi-site randomised controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of a Driving Training Program, an intervention designed for student drivers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Participants were 72 student drivers with ASD (ages 16-31) who were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. Student drivers received ten driving lessons with a professional driving instructor via a standardised driving route. The Driving Performance Checklist was used as the outcome measure to evaluate the driving performance of student drivers during on-road pre- and post-observational drives. Both groups showed an improvement in driving performance, however, the extent of improvement between groups was not significant. Findings showed promising intervention efficacy for training student drivers with ASD to drive.
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Classen S, Winter SM, Brown C, Morgan-Daniel J, Medhizadah S, Agarwal N. An Integrative Review on Teen Distracted Driving for Model Program Development. Front Public Health 2019; 7:111. [PMID: 31131271 PMCID: PMC6510052 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Distracted driving, especially driver inattention, is associated with high levels of crash-related fatalities and injury. Teen novice drivers are one of the groups most likely to drive distracted and to suffer its consequences. Teens have a higher risk of engaging in texting or secondary tasks, e.g., eating while driving. Distracted driving interventions to date aim to improve teen and societal safety, but few have achieved effectiveness. A need exists for effective evidence-based distracted driving interventions. We used an integrative review to identify rigorous evidence, and inform the development of a teen distracted driving educational intervention. This five-step review included: identifying the research problem; collecting literature; evaluating literature; synthesizing data; and presenting results. We searched 6 databases, identifying 185 articles. Following three rounds of inclusion screening (title, abstract, and full-text), captured according to a PRISMA flow chart, 17 studies met inclusion. We categorized these studies, conducted in the U.S., as five intervention types that used approaches including presentations, videos or instructional programs, education or training programs, driving simulator training, in-vehicle monitoring or feedback, and integrated programs. Study designs included randomized controlled trials pre-post, quasi-experimental, and experimental designs with prospective longitudinal cohorts. The studies were heterogeneous in design, intervention and outcome. However, three core themes emerged across studies: i.e., hazard awareness, hazard mitigation and attention maintenance are primary critically necessary skills to prevent distracted driving; engaging a parent or adult as a partner in the intervention process from classroom to car contributed to the effectiveness of the intervention; and leveraging technology in training enhanced the effectiveness of the intervention. Study limitations pertained to a focus on short-term effects; sampling distributions that did not account for gender, age, race, and/or ethnicity; types of interventions; and bias. The limitations affect the generalizability of included study findings and, potentially, the review findings, as they may not apply to populations or contexts outside those synopsized. Strengths included our team's expertise in conducting evidence-based reviews, support of a health science librarian, and use of international review guidelines. As an outcome, we are applying findings of the integrated review to develop a computer-based training addressing teen distracted driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherrilene Classen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sandra M Winter
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Charles Brown
- University of Florida Transportation Institute, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jane Morgan-Daniel
- Health Science Center Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Shabnam Medhizadah
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nithin Agarwal
- University of Florida Transportation Institute, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Mirman JH, Curry AE, Elliott MR, Long L, Pfeiffer MR. Can Adolescent Drivers' Motor Vehicle Crash Risk Be Reduced by Pre-Licensure Intervention? J Adolesc Health 2018; 62:341-348. [PMID: 29223562 PMCID: PMC5818292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for adolescents, there is a scarcity of research addressing adolescents' lack of pre-licensure practical driving experience, which is theorized to increase their post-licensure crash risk. METHODS Utilizing police-reported crashes and survey data from a randomized and quasi-randomized trial (n = 458 adolescents, 16 or 17 years of age at enrollment), the impact of a parent-directed supervised practice driving intervention and a comprehensive on-road driving assessment (ODA) with feedback was evaluated on adolescent drivers' motor vehicle crashes involvement. RESULTS Compared with the control condition, a nonsignificant 20% relative reduction in risk was observed for the parent-directed intervention: adjusted hazard ratio = .80 (95% confidence interval [CI] .44, 1.43); the unadjusted absolute risk reduction was 1.1% (95% CI -4.4, 7.1). Exposure to the ODA resulted in an 53% relative reduction of risk: adjusted hazard ratio = .47 (95% CI .24, .91); the unadjusted absolute risk reduction was 5.4% (95% CI -.3, 10.7). CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive ODA might be protective for adolescents; however, additional research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison E. Curry
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia,The University of Pennsylvania
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Mirman JH, Curry AE, Winston FK, Fisher Thiel MC, Pfeiffer MR, Rogers R, Elliott MR, Durbin DR. Parental influence on driver licensure in adolescence: A randomized controlled trial. Health Psychol 2016; 36:245-254. [PMID: 27936811 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Newly licensed adolescent drivers have skill deficits that increase risk for motor vehicle crashes. Development of programs targeted to prelicensed adolescents has been hindered by concerns about encouraging overconfidence and early licensure. The study had 2 primary objectives: (a) determine whether an Internet-based intervention designed to improve parent-supervised practice (TeenDrivingPlan [TDP]) influenced adolescents' time to licensure and parents' perceptions of adolescents' driving skill, expertise, and safety and (b) evaluate the association of these perceptions and practice diversity (number of different environments where practiced occurred) with time to licensure. METHOD A randomized controlled trial was used to compare TDP with a control condition. Participants (N = 295 parent-adolescent dyads) completed periodic surveys over 24 weeks and were subsequently followed for up to a year to determine adolescents' licensure status. RESULTS TDP did not influence time to licensure and did not affect parents' perceptions of skill, expertise, and safety. Practice diversity was associated with faster licensure. A more favorable perception of adolescents' skill in comparison to peers was associated with faster licensure. CONCLUSIONS Targeting parents' beliefs about adolescents' safety in relation to other road users may not be conducive to altering licensing trajectories, whereas sensitizing parents to their adolescents' emerging skills might be more effective in promoting safe entry into licensure. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Mirman
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Allison E Curry
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Flaura K Winston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
| | - Megan C Fisher Thiel
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Melissa R Pfeiffer
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Rachel Rogers
- Biostatistics and Data Management Core, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Michael R Elliott
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan
| | - Dennis R Durbin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
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Curry AE, Peek-Asa C, Hamann CJ, Mirman JH. Effectiveness of Parent-Focused Interventions to Increase Teen Driver Safety: A Critical Review. J Adolesc Health 2015; 57:S6-14. [PMID: 26112737 PMCID: PMC4483193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We critically reviewed recent parent-directed teen driving interventions to summarize their success in meeting stated goals; identify promising intervention components and knowledge gaps; aid in the selection, adaptation, and dissemination of effective interventions; and guide future research efforts. METHODS We focused on interventions that included a direct parent component, explicitly stated outcomes related to the teen and/or their parents, were evaluated for parent or teen outcomes, targeted drivers younger than the age of 21 years, and had at least one evaluation study published since 1990 and in English. We conducted a comprehensive systematic search of 26 online databases between November 2013 and January 2014 and identified 34 articles representing 18 interventions. RESULTS Several interventions-in particular, those that had an active engagement component, incorporated an in-vehicle data recorder system, and had a strong conceptual approach-show promise in improving parental supervisory behaviors during the learner and early independent phases, increasing teen driver skill acquisition, and reducing teens' risky driving behaviors. CONCLUSIONS We identify essential characteristics of effective parent-involved teen driving interventions and their evaluation studies, propose a comprehensive and multitiered approach to intervention, and discuss several research areas and overarching issues for consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Curry
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at theUniversity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Corinne Peek-Asa
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Cara J. Hamann
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jessica H. Mirman
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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