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Shaukat W, de Jong E, McCubbin KD, Biesheuvel MM, van der Meer FJUM, De Buck J, Lhermie G, Hall DC, Kalbfleisch KN, Kastelic JP, Orsel K, Barkema HW. Herd-level prevalence of bovine leukemia virus, Salmonella Dublin and Neospora caninum in Alberta, Canada, dairy herds using ELISA on bulk tank milk samples. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00849-X. [PMID: 38825106 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Endemic infectious diseases remain a major challenge for dairy producers worldwide. For effective disease control programs, up-to-date prevalence estimates are of utmost importance. The objective of this study was to estimate the herd-level prevalence of bovine leukemia virus (BLV), Salmonella Dublin, and Neospora caninum in dairy herds in Alberta, Canada using a serial cross-sectional study design. Bulk tank milk samples from all Alberta dairy farms were collected 4 times, in December 2021 (n = 489), April 2022 (n = 487), July 2022 (n = 487), and October 2022 (n = 480), and tested for antibodies against BLV, S. Dublin, and N. caninum using ELISAs. Herd-level apparent prevalence was calculated as positive samples divided by total tested samples at each time point. A mixed effect modified Poisson regression model was employed to assess the association of prevalence with region, herd size, herd type, and type of milking system. Apparent prevalence of BLV was 89.4, 88.7, 86.9 and 86.9% in December, April, July, and October, respectively, whereas for S. Dublin apparent prevalence was 11.2, 6.6, 8.6, and 8.5%, and for N. caninum apparent prevalence was 18.2, 7.4, 7.8, and 15.0%. For BLV, S. Dublin and N. caninum, a total of 91.7, 15.6, and 28.1% of herds, respectively, were positive at least once, whereas 82.5, 3.6, and 3.0% of herds were ELISA-positive at all 4 times. Compared with the north region, central Alberta had a high prevalence (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.13) of BLV-antibody positive herds, whereas south Alberta had a high prevalence (PR = 2.56) of herds positive for S. Dublin antibodies. Furthermore, central (PR = 0.52) and south regions (PR = 0.46) had low prevalence of N. caninum-positive herds compared with the north. Hutterite colony herds were more frequently BLV-positive (PR = 1.13) but less frequently N. caninum-positive (PR = 0.47). Large herds (>7,200 L/day milk delivered ∼ > 250 cows) were 1.1 times more often BLV-positive, whereas small herds (≤3,600 L/day milk delivered ∼ ≤ 125 cows) were 3.2 times more often N. caninum-positive. For S. Dublin, Hutterite-colony herds were less frequently (PR = 0.07) positive than non-colony herds only in medium and large stratum but not in small stratum. Moreover, larger herds were more frequently (PR = 2.20) S. Dublin-positive than smaller herds only in non-colony stratum but not in colony stratum. Moreover, N. caninum prevalence was 1.6 times higher on farms with conventional milking systems compared with farms with an automated milking system. These results provide up-to-date information of the prevalence of these infections that will inform investigations of within-herd prevalence of these infections and help in devising evidence-based disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Shaukat
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ellen de Jong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kayley D McCubbin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; One Health at UCalgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marit M Biesheuvel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Jeroen De Buck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lhermie
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; The Simpson Centre for Food and Agricultural Policy, The School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David C Hall
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - John P Kastelic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karin Orsel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; One Health at UCalgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Statham J, Russell J. Introducing the Animal Health and Welfare Pathway: role of the farm vet. IN PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/inpr.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Buzdugan SN, Alarcon P, Huntington B, Rushton J, Blake DP, Guitian J. Enhancing the value of meat inspection records for broiler health and welfare surveillance: longitudinal detection of relational patterns. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:278. [PMID: 34407823 PMCID: PMC8371771 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02970-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abattoir data are under-used for surveillance. Nationwide surveillance could benefit from using data on meat inspection findings, but several limitations need to be overcome. At the producer level, interpretation of meat inspection findings is a notable opportunity for surveillance with relevance to animal health and welfare. In this study, we propose that discovery and monitoring of relational patterns between condemnation conditions co-present in broiler batches at meat inspection can provide valuable information for surveillance of farmed animal health and welfare. RESULTS Great Britain (GB)-based integrator meat inspection records for 14,045 broiler batches slaughtered in nine, four monthly intervals were assessed for the presence of surveillance indicators relevant to broiler health and welfare. K-means and correlation-based hierarchical clustering, and association rules analyses were performed to identify relational patterns in the data. Incidence of condemnation showed seasonal and temporal variation, which was detected by association rules analysis. Syndrome-related and non-specific relational patterns were detected in some months of meat inspection records. A potentially syndromic cluster was identified in May 2016 consisting of infection-related conditions: pericarditis, perihepatitis, peritonitis, and abnormal colour. Non-specific trends were identified in some months as an unusual combination of condemnation reasons in broiler batches. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the detection of relational patterns in meat inspection records could provide producer-level surveillance indicators with relevance to broiler chicken health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Buzdugan
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, North Mymms, UK.
| | - P Alarcon
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, North Mymms, UK
| | - B Huntington
- Liverpool Science Park, Innovation Centre 2, 146 Brownlow Hill, L3 5RF, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Rushton
- Epidemiology and Population Health, Liverpool University, Brownlow Hill, L69 7ZX, Liverpool, UK
| | - D P Blake
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, UK
| | - J Guitian
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, North Mymms, UK
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Statham J, Burton K, Spilman M. Looking after the bull: guide to management and assessment of fertility. IN PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/inp.l363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Velasova M, Damaso A, Prakashbabu BC, Gibbons J, Wheelhouse N, Longbottom D, Van Winden S, Green M, Guitian J. Herd-level prevalence of selected endemic infectious diseases of dairy cows in Great Britain. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:9215-9233. [PMID: 28843682 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To implement appropriate and effective disease control programs at the national level, up-to-date and unbiased information on disease frequency is needed. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of selected endemic infectious diseases in the population of dairy herds in Great Britain. Bulk milk tank (BMT) samples from 225 randomly selected dairy farms, stratified by region and herd size, were tested for antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus type 1, Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, Leptospira Hardjo, Salmonella spp., Coxiella burnetii, Fasciola hepatica, Neospora caninum, and Ostertagia ostertagi. Furthermore, the presence of BVDV, C. burnetii, and Chlamydia-like organisms was determined by PCR. The apparent herd prevalence was estimated as a weighted proportion of positive herds. The true prevalence was calculated when a test was used with known test characteristics for the cut-off value used. Among unvaccinated herds, the true prevalence of BMT antibodies against BVDV was estimated at 66% [95% confidence interval (CI): 56-77%], M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis 68% (95% CI: 59-77%), bovine herpesvirus type 1 62% (95% CI: 52-73%), Leptospira Hardjo 47% (95% CI: 34-60%), and Salmonella spp. 48% (95% CI: 39-56%). The apparent prevalence of BMT antibodies against C. burnetii was 80% (95% CI: 75-85%), F. hepatica 55% (95% CI: 48-62%), N. caninum 46% (95% CI: 38-54%), and O. ostertagi 95% (95% CI: 91-98%). The BVDV, C. burnetii, and Chlamydia-like antigens were detected in 5 (95% CI: 2-9%), 29 (95% CI: 21-36%), and 31% (95% CI: 24-38%) of herds, respectively. Our results show that dairy cows across GB are frequently exposed to the studied pathogens, which are endemic at high levels with some geographical variations. These prevalence estimates provide a much-needed basis to assess whether nationwide control programs for the studied pathogens are justified by their potential economic, environmental, and public health implications. Should surveillance and control programs be initiated, the estimates presented here are a baseline against which progress can be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Velasova
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Science, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA United Kingdom.
| | - Angela Damaso
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Science, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA United Kingdom
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Chengat Prakashbabu
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Science, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Gibbons
- AHDB Dairy, Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, Stoneleigh Park, Kenilworth, Warwickshire, CV8 2TL United Kingdom
| | - Nick Wheelhouse
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - David Longbottom
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Van Winden
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Science, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA United Kingdom
| | - Martin Green
- The School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD United Kingdom
| | - Javier Guitian
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Science, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA United Kingdom
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Statham JME, Randall LV, Archer SC. Reduction in daily milk yield associated with subclinical bovine herpesvirus 1 infection. Vet Rec 2015; 177:339. [PMID: 26420804 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this observational cohort study was to investigate the potential economic impact of subclinical bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) infection in a commercial UK dairy herd in terms of milk yield depression. Infection status of cows (infected or not infected) was assigned from serology on a single occasion. A multi-level linear model was used to evaluate the impact of infection status on milk production, using milk records that were routinely collected over two years. BoHV-1 seropositive cows produced 2.6 kg/day less milk over the study period compared with cows that were seronegative. This result highlights the importance of appropriate management of risks associated with subclinical infection with BoHV-1 as part of proactive herd health and production management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M E Statham
- AFT Solutions Ltd, Bishopton Veterinary Group, Mill Farm, Studley Road, Ripon, North Yorkshire, HG4 2QR, UK
| | - L V Randall
- AFT Solutions Ltd, Bishopton Veterinary Group, Mill Farm, Studley Road, Ripon, North Yorkshire, HG4 2QR, UK School of Veterinary Medicine and University of Nottingham, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - S C Archer
- School of Veterinary Medicine and University of Nottingham, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
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Challenges Facing Rural Farm Animal Veterinary Enterprises in the UK. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1108/s2040-724620140000004006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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