A study on comprehensive evaluation methods of the quality of injury surveillance based on Chinese hospital

Comprehensive evaluation of water ecological environment in watersheds: a case study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China

The Yangtze River Economic Belt, an inland economic zone with global influence, has shown a trend of prosperous economic development in recent years. Economic development, water pollution, resource depletion, and other environmental problems continue to emerge. The steady state of the water ecological environment is an important aspect of ecological security. To investigate the regional water ecological security state, this study constructs a comprehensive evaluation indicator system within the framework of "driving force-carrying source-state-management" (DCSM). The entropy weight method was used to determine the weight of each indicator, and the weighted rank sum ratio model was introduced to classify the water ecological environment of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2019. Finally, an adversarial interpretative structure model is used to refine the ranking of each region. The results show that the bearing state and driving force subsystems are closely related to the water ecological environment. The top three indicators are wastewater discharge of industrial added value of 10,000 yuan, water consumption per 10,000 yuan of industrial gross product, and water consumption per 10,000 yuan of tertiary gross domestic product. In addition, there are clear differences in the water ecological environment of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The classification results show that Zhejiang and Jiangsu are rated as "excellent''; Yunnan, Guizhou, Anhui, and Jiangxi are in the "good" level; and Sichuan, Hunan, Chongqing, and Hubei are in the "medium" level. Shanghai is "poor." As a whole, the downstream is superior, the upstream is second, and the midstream is poor in an asymmetric "U"-shaped distribution. During the study period, the overall state of water ecology in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was at a medium level and has not yet reached a safe and steady state. The performance of areas with traditional industrialization as the main development path was poor. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the overall water ecological security in the basin in the future, strengthen the regulatory role of the government's water ecological management, promote reform of traditional industries and resource-based regions, and achieve the sustainable development of the water ecological environment.

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Township Hospitals in the Severely Cold Areas of China

OBJECTIVE

The aims of this study are to establish an evaluation system and find the existing problems in the architectural design of township hospitals in the severely cold regions of China.

BACKGROUND

Due to the geographical location and economic factors, development still has some key problems, such as inadequate construction, old facilities, and backward technology, which are more prominent in the severely cold regions.

METHODS

First, evaluation factors have been selected and determined by literature review and on-site investigation. Evaluation rules have been determined using fuzzy membership function. Then, the analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the weights of the evaluation factors at all levels. Finally, take a township hospital as an example to calculate the comprehensive evaluation results.

RESULTS

A comprehensive evaluation index system with 28 elements and 76 factors for the township hospitals in severely cold regions including the basic health service capacity, the emergency capacity, and the climate fitness.

CONCLUSIONS

The establishment of the comprehensive evaluation system of township hospitals in severely cold areas in this study aims to find out the problems through the evaluation of the existing township hospitals in the severely cold areas and provide guidance for the transformation of existing township hospitals in the severely cold areas. By comparing the scheme evaluation for building hospitals, we shall look for the optimal solution to provide reference for future development in the construction of township hospitals.