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Wang T, Wang X, Zhou H, Cai J, George SL. Auxiliary variable-enriched biomarker-stratified design. Stat Med 2018; 37:4610-4635. [PMID: 30221368 DOI: 10.1002/sim.7938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials in the era of precision medicine require assessment of biomarkers to identify appropriate subgroups of patients for targeted therapy. In a biomarker-stratified design (BSD), biomarkers are measured on all patients and used as stratification variables. However, such a trial can be both inefficient and costly, especially when the prevalence of the subgroup of primary interest is low and the cost of assessing the biomarkers is high. Efficiency can be improved and costs reduced by using enriched biomarker-stratified designs, in which patients of primary interest, typically the biomarker-positive patients, are oversampled. We consider a special type of enrichment design, an auxiliary variable-enriched design (AEBSD), in which enrichment is based on some inexpensive auxiliary variable that is positively correlated with the true biomarker. The proposed AEBSD reduces the total cost of the trial compared with a standard BSD when the prevalence rate of true biomarker positivity is small and the positive predictive value (PPV) of the auxiliary biomarker is larger than the prevalence rate. In addition, for an AEBSD, we can immediately randomize the patients selected in the screening process without waiting for the result of the true biomarker test, reducing the treatment waiting time. We propose an adaptive Bayesian method to adjust the assumed PPV while the trial is ongoing. Numerical studies and an example illustrate the approach. An R package is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephen L George
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Wang X, Zhou J, Wang T, George SL. On Enrichment Strategies for Biomarker Stratified Clinical Trials. J Biopharm Stat 2017; 28:292-308. [PMID: 28933670 DOI: 10.1080/10543406.2017.1379532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, drugs are increasingly developed to target subgroups of patients with certain biomarkers. In large all-comer trials using a biomarker stratified design, the cost of treating and following patients for clinical outcomes may be prohibitive. With a fixed number of randomized patients, the efficiency of testing certain treatments parameters, including the treatment effect among biomarker-positive patients and the interaction between treatment and biomarker, can be improved by increasing the proportion of biomarker positives on study, especially when the prevalence rate of biomarker positives is low in the underlying patient population. When the cost of assessing the true biomarker is prohibitive, one can further improve the study efficiency by oversampling biomarker positives with a cheaper auxiliary variable or a surrogate biomarker that correlates with the true biomarker. To improve efficiency and reduce cost, we can adopt an enrichment strategy for both scenarios by concentrating on testing and treating patient subgroups that contain more information about specific treatment parameters of primary interest to the investigators. In the first scenario, an enriched biomarker stratified design enriches the cohort of randomized patients by directly oversampling the relevant patients with the true biomarker, while in the second scenario, an auxiliary-variable-enriched biomarker stratified design enriches the randomized cohort based on an inexpensive auxiliary variable, thereby avoiding testing the true biomarker on all screened patients and reducing treatment waiting time. For both designs, we discuss how to choose the optimal enrichment proportion when testing a single hypothesis or two hypotheses simultaneously. At a requisite power, we compare the two new designs with the BSD design in terms of the number of randomized patients and the cost of trial under scenarios mimicking real biomarker stratified trials. The new designs are illustrated with hypothetical examples for designing biomarker-driven cancer trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- a Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Duke University , Durham , NC , U.S.A
| | - Jingzhu Zhou
- a Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Duke University , Durham , NC , U.S.A
| | - Ting Wang
- b Department of Biostatistics , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , U.S.A
| | - Stephen L George
- a Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Duke University , Durham , NC , U.S.A
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Tokaca N, Barth S, O'Brien M, Bhosle J, Fotiadis N, Wotherspoon A, Thompson L, Popat S. Molecular Adequacy of Image-Guided Rebiopsies for Molecular Retesting in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single-Center Experience. J Thorac Oncol 2017; 13:63-72. [PMID: 28989040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the era of biomarker-driven systemic therapy for advanced NSCLC, the role of routine repeated biopsies for decision making outside EGFR-mutant disease remains unproven. We report our center's experience of safety and adequacy for molecular retesting of tumor material obtained from image-guided lung rebiopsies in NSCLC. METHODS We performed a retrospective case note analysis of patients undergoing image-guided lung rebiopsies at a single cancer center between 2011 and 2014. The primary objective was to determine the pathological success rate. Secondary and exploratory objectives were to determine technical success rate, histological concordance, molecular adequacy, genotypes identified, and complication rate. RESULTS In all, 103 patients underwent transthoracic image-guided procedures. A total of 66 rebiopsies in NSCLC were identified and analyzed. The pathological success rate was 87.1%. A high histological discordance rate was observed (12 of 52 evaluable cases [23.1%]). Pretest molecular adequacy as determined by the lung pathologist was 78.8% (52 of 66). Of 52 adequate samples 51 were sent for molecular analysis, with a total of 209 genes analyzed (including EGFR, ALK receptor tyrosine kinase gene [ALK], KRAS, BRAF, dicoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 2 gene [DDR2], NRAS, ROS1, and rearranged during transfection proto-oncogene gene [RET]). The rate of postgenotyping molecular adequacy was 87.1% (182 of 209). Overall, 20 new potentially actionable mutations were identified, with 13 of 66 patients (19.7%) starting to receive new targeted treatment as a result. Overall, rebiopsies informed clinical decision making in 63.6% of cases. The rates of complications were 15% for pneumothorax, 3% for pneumothorax requiring chest drain, and 8% for hemoptysis. CONCLUSIONS We have validated the pathological and molecular adequacy rates of rebiopsies and demonstrated clinical utility in routine decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadza Tokaca
- Lung Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Barth
- Lung Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary O'Brien
- Lung Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicos Fotiadis
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Wotherspoon
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Thompson
- The Centre of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
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Laing GM, Chapman AD, Smart LM, Kerr KM. Histological diagnosis: recent developments. Lung Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1183/2312508x.10009714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Lampaki S, Lazaridis G, Zarogoulidis K, Kioumis I, Papaiwannou A, Tsirgogianni K, Karavergou A, Tsiouda T, Karavasilis V, Yarmus L, Darwiche K, Freitag L, Sakkas A, Kantzeli A, Baka S, Hohenforst-Schmidt W, Zarogoulidis P. Defining the role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in early stage non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer 2015; 6:568-74. [PMID: 26000049 PMCID: PMC4439943 DOI: 10.7150/jca.11893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Historical, the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was as a united disease entity and the chemotherapy to the metastatic cancer had limited results. Recent studies for the metastatic non-small cell lung cancer led to the ascertainment that the NSCLC does not constitute exclusively a disease entity, but different neoplasms guided from different molecular paths, different biological behavior and at extension requires different confrontation. Thus the new direction for the therapeutic approach of NSCLC is henceforth the most individualized approach based on the activated molecular paths of tumor. Distinct subtypes of NSCLC are driven by a specific genetic alteration, like EGFR, ALK, ROS1 or BRAF mutations, and these genetic alterations are sensitized to the inhibition of specific oncogenic pathways. The benefit from the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with EGFR mutations it was confirmed by six randomized studies of phase III that investigated the role of gefitinib, erlotinib and afatinib. In these studies the response rates vary in the impressive percentages from 55% to 86% and were connected with a remarkable median progression free survival of approximately 8 to 13 months, and with better quality of life compared to that of chemotherapy. In early stages NSCLC is needed the individualization of systemic treatment in order to reduce toxicity that is observed in the classic chemotherapy and to impact outcome. The role of EGFR TKI's has been evaluated in the adjuvant chemotherapy in early stage resected NSCLC. The data from these studies suggest that adjuvant TKI therapy might not increase the overall survival, but delay the recurrences. Prospective trials restricted to EGFR or ALK driven NSCLC subsets potentially offering the opportunity for a definitive answer in early disease adjuvant setting (ALCHEMIST) or as induction treatment before stage III chemo-radiotherapy (RTOG 1210/Alliance 31101), are ongoing. Ongoing prospective trials may offer the opportunity for a definitive answer of the role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in induction treatment before chemo-radiotherapy or in early disease adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Lampaki
- 1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Lazaridis
- 2. Department of Medical Oncology, "G. Papageorgiou" University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece, Nea Eukarpia
| | - Konstantinos Zarogoulidis
- 1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kioumis
- 1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonis Papaiwannou
- 1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Tsirgogianni
- 1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Karavergou
- 1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Tsiouda
- 3. Pulmonary Department, "Theageneio Anticancer" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece, Alexander Simeonidi 2
| | - Vasilis Karavasilis
- 3. Pulmonary Department, "Theageneio Anticancer" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece, Alexander Simeonidi 2
| | - Lonny Yarmus
- 4. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, U.S.A
| | - Kaid Darwiche
- 5. Department of Interventional Pulmonology, Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lutz Freitag
- 5. Department of Interventional Pulmonology, Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Antonios Sakkas
- 6. Department of Internal Medicine, "Evangelisches Krankenhaus", Mülheim, Germany
| | - Angeliki Kantzeli
- 7. Department of Internal Medicine, "Helios Klinikum", Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sofia Baka
- 8. Oncology Department, "Interbalkan" European Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- 1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification of lung adenocarcinoma recommends identification of pathologic patterns in metastatic samples where possible. We investigated the clinical relevance of these patterns. METHODS Patients with a surgical biopsy of lung adenocarcinoma from a metastatic site were included. Slides were reviewed by an anatomical pathologist identifying the histologic patterns of solid with mucin, acinar, micropapillary, papillary, and assigning a major adenocarcinoma subtype according to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification. EGFR and KRAS mutation testing were performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks. Mutations were detected by high resolution melting assay with high resolution melting-positive samples confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS One-hundred patients were included. The major histologic subtype prevalence was as follows: solid (50), acinar (29), micropapillary (20), and papillary (1). Of 100 patients, 45 received no systemic therapy with no overall survival differences seen by histologic subtype and 55 received systemic therapy (chemoradiotherapy with curative intent or palliative chemotherapy). Worse survival was seen in the major solid histologic subtype compared with major acinar (hazard ratio 0.32 [95% confidence interval 0.15-0.68], p = 0.003) and micropapillary subtypes (hazard ratio 0.34 [95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.69], p = 0.003). The major solid histologic subtype was less likely to harbor EGFR mutations (p = 0.006) and was less frequent in never smokers (p = 0.010) compared with other histologic subtypes. CONCLUSION The major solid histologic subtype of lung adenocarcinoma at metastatic sites is associated with shorter overall survival on systemic anticancer therapy. Furthermore, the major solid histologic subtype is less likely to harbor EGFR mutations. These results require validation in larger cohorts.
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Rocco R, Jones DR, Morabito A, Franco R, La Mantia E, Rocco G. Validation of the new IASLC/ATS/ERS lung adenocarcinoma classification: a surgeon's perspective. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:S547-51. [PMID: 25349705 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.06.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The conclusions from the new IASLC/ATS/ERS lung adenocarcinoma classification portend important clinical consequences. The interpretation of the histological, biomolecular and radiological correlates of this classification not only allows for the definitive abandonment of the bronchoalveolar carcinoma definition but provides surgeons with significant clues to better understand the adenocarcinoma subsets and their surgical management. Indeed, the information will benefit surgeons who are fully involved in the lung cancer CT screening programs as well as in the diagnostic and therapeutic pathways of both early and locally advanced lung cancer. Moreover, intriguing perspectives are disclosing on the inclusion of the surgical modality among the ones used in the oligometastatic disease status. On the other hand, the new adenocarcinoma classification also emphasizes the need for surgeons working in a multidisciplinary environment to be thoroughly cognizant of the ever evolving lung cancer biomolecular knowledge and, in particular, of the potentially druggable somatic mutations in line with the modern professional profile of the so-called "surgeon scientist".
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Rocco
- 1 Department of Surgery, Campus Biomedico University, Rome, Italy ; 2 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA ; 3 Departments of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology and Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione "G.Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - David R Jones
- 1 Department of Surgery, Campus Biomedico University, Rome, Italy ; 2 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA ; 3 Departments of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology and Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione "G.Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morabito
- 1 Department of Surgery, Campus Biomedico University, Rome, Italy ; 2 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA ; 3 Departments of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology and Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione "G.Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- 1 Department of Surgery, Campus Biomedico University, Rome, Italy ; 2 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA ; 3 Departments of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology and Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione "G.Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira La Mantia
- 1 Department of Surgery, Campus Biomedico University, Rome, Italy ; 2 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA ; 3 Departments of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology and Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione "G.Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Rocco
- 1 Department of Surgery, Campus Biomedico University, Rome, Italy ; 2 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA ; 3 Departments of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology and Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione "G.Pascale", Naples, Italy
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Sato T, Arai E, Kohno T, Takahashi Y, Miyata S, Tsuta K, Watanabe SI, Soejima K, Betsuyaku T, Kanai Y. Epigenetic clustering of lung adenocarcinomas based on DNA methylation profiles in adjacent lung tissue: Its correlation with smoking history and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:319-34. [PMID: 24921089 PMCID: PMC4255314 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the significance of DNA methylation alterations during lung
carcinogenesis. Infinium assay was performed using 139 paired samples of non-cancerous lung tissue
(N) and tumorous tissue (T) from a learning cohort of patients with lung adenocarcinomas (LADCs).
Fifty paired N and T samples from a validation cohort were also analyzed. DNA methylation
alterations on 1,928 probes occurred in N samples relative to normal lung tissue from patients
without primary lung tumors, and were inherited by, or strengthened in, T samples. Unsupervised
hierarchical clustering using DNA methylation levels in N samples on all 26,447 probes subclustered
patients into Cluster I (n = 32), Cluster II (n =
35) and Cluster III (n = 72). LADCs in Cluster I developed from the
inflammatory background in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in heavy smokers and were
locally invasive. Most patients in Cluster II were non-smokers and had a favorable outcome. LADCs in
Cluster III developed in light smokers were most aggressive (frequently showing lymphatic and blood
vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis and an advanced pathological stage), and had a poor outcome.
DNA methylation levels of hallmark genes for each cluster, such as IRX2, HOXD8, SPARCL1,
RGS5 and EI24, were again correlated with clinicopathological
characteristics in the validation cohort. DNA methylation profiles reflecting carcinogenetic factors
such as smoking and COPD appear to be established in non-cancerous lung tissue from patients with
LADCs and may determine the aggressiveness of tumors developing in individual patients, and thus
patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sato
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center
Research InstituteTokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Keio University School of MedicineTokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eri Arai
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center
Research InstituteTokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center
Research InstituteTokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yoriko Takahashi
- Bioscience Department, Research and Development Center,
Mitsui Knowledge Industry Co., Ltd.Tokyo, 105-6215, Japan
| | - Sayaka Miyata
- Bioscience Department, Research and Development Center,
Mitsui Knowledge Industry Co., Ltd.Tokyo, 105-6215, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuta
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and
Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Shun-ichi Watanabe
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic
Oncology, National Cancer Center HospitalTokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kenzo Soejima
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Keio University School of MedicineTokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoko Betsuyaku
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Keio University School of MedicineTokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yae Kanai
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center
Research InstituteTokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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Dual inhibition of EGFR at protein and activity level via combinatorial blocking of PI4KIIα as anti-tumor strategy. Protein Cell 2014; 5:457-68. [PMID: 24801752 PMCID: PMC4026421 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-014-0055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies indicate that phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIα can promote the growth of multi-malignant tumors via HER-2/PI3K and MAPK pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms of this pathway and its potential for clinical application remain unknown. In this study, we found that PI4KIIα could be an ideal combinatorial target for EGFR treatment via regulating EGFR degradation. Results showed that PI4KIIα knockdown reduced EGFR protein level, and the expression of PI4KIIα shows a strong correlation with EGFR in human breast cancer tissues (r = 0.77, P < 0.01). PI4KIIα knockdown greatly prolonged the effects and decreased the effective dosage of AG-1478, a specific inhibitor of EGFR. In addition, it significantly enhanced AG1478-induced inhibition of tumor cell survival and strengthened the effect of the EGFR-targeting anti-cancer drug Iressa in xenograft tumor models. Mechanistically, we found that PI4KIIα suppression increased EGFR ligand-independent degradation. Quantitative proteomic analysis by stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and LC-MS/MS suggested that HSP90 mediated the effect of PI4KIIα on EGFR. Furthermore, we found that combined inhibition of PI4KIIα and EGFR suppressed both PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways, and resulted in downregulation of multiple oncogenes like PRDX2, FASN, MTA2, ultimately leading to suppression of tumor growth. Therefore, we conclude that combined inhibition of PI4KIIα and EGFR exerts a multiple anti-tumor effect. Dual inhibition of EGFR at protein and activity level via combinatorial blocking of PI4KIIα presents a novel strategy to combat EGFR-dependent tumors.
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Zhou Y, Wan C, Liu Y, Lv L, Chen B, Ni R, Huang Y, Li Y, Zheng X, Yang D, Mao G, Xue Q. Polycomb group oncogene RING1 is over-expressed in non-small cell lung cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 20:549-56. [PMID: 24414991 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ring finger protein 1 (RING1) have recently been reported to be related to aggressive tumor features in Prostate Cancer and urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. However, the role of RING1 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumorigenesis has never been elucidated. So we aimed at investigating the potential role of RING1 in NSCLC. RING1 expression was evaluated by Immunoblot in 8 paired fresh lung cancer tissues and immunohistochemistry on 69 paraffin-embedded sections from 2006 to 2009. Furthermore, flow-cytometry and RNA interference were performed to analyse the role of RING1 in A549 cells. We showed that the expression level of RING1 was significant increased in lung cancer as compared with the adjacent normal tissue. High expression level of RING1 was associated with TNM stage (P = 0.013), and RING1 was positively related with proliferation marker Ki67 (P < 0.05). Moreover, RING1 knockdown induces growth suppression of human lung cancer cells through G1/S cell cycle phase arrest in vitro. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that high expression level of RING1 was associated with poor prognosis (P = 0.03). On the basis of these results, we suggested that RING1 protein expression may be a favorable independent prognostic parameter for non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
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Cooper WA, Roberts F. Pulmonary pathology: new updates. J Clin Pathol 2013; 66:831. [PMID: 24067550 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W A Cooper
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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