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Liu J, Jiang B, Xu W, Liu Q, Huang H, Chang X, Ma G, Xu X, Zhou L, Xiao GG, Guo J. Targeted inhibition of CHKα and mTOR in models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A novel regimen for metastasis. Cancer Lett 2024; 605:217280. [PMID: 39343354 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly metastatic malignancy for which there are currently no effective anti-metastatic therapies. Herein, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing and metabolomics analysis to demonstrate that metastatic cells highly express focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which promotes metastasis by remodeling choline kinase α (CHKα)-dependent choline metabolism. We designed a novel CHKα inhibitor, CHKI-03, and verified its efficacy in inhibiting metastasis in multiple preclinical models. Classical and newly synthesized small-molecule inhibitors have previously been used to assess the therapeutic potential of targeting mTOR and CHKα in various animal models. Mechanistically, FAK activated mTOR and its downstream HIF-1α, thereby elevating CHKα expression and promoting the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PDAC cells, as well as tumor growth and metastasis. Consistently, high expression levels of both FAK and CHKα are correlated with poor prognosis in patients with PDAC. Notably, CHK1-03 inhibited CHKα expression and also suppressed mTORC1 phosphorylation, disrupting the mTORC1-CHKα positive feedback loop. In addition, the combination of CHKI-03 and the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin synergistically inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in PDX models. The combination of CHKI-03 and rapamycin demonstrates considerable therapeutic efficacy in PDO models resistant to gemcitabine. Our findings reveal a pivotal mechanism underlying PDAC metastasis regulated by mTORC1-CHKα loop-dependent choline metabolism reprogramming, highlighting the therapeutic potential of this novel regimen for treating PDAC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhou Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Bolun Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 31003, China
| | - Wenchao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Haoran Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Guoxu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Gary Guishan Xiao
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Center, Creighton University Medical Center, 601N 30th ST, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA
| | - Junchao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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2
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Romo-Perez A, Domínguez-Gómez G, Chávez-Blanco AD, González-Fierro A, Correa-Basurto J, Dueñas-González A. PaSTe. Blockade of the Lipid Phenotype of Prostate Cancer as Metabolic Therapy: A Theoretical Proposal. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3265-3285. [PMID: 37287286 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230607104441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in 112 countries and is the leading cause of death in eighteen. In addition to continuing research on prevention and early diagnosis, improving treatments and making them more affordable is imperative. In this sense, the therapeutic repurposing of low-cost and widely available drugs could reduce global mortality from this disease. The malignant metabolic phenotype is becoming increasingly important due to its therapeutic implications. Cancer generally is characterized by hyperactivation of glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid synthesis. However, prostate cancer is particularly lipidic; it exhibits increased activity in the pathways for synthesizing fatty acids, cholesterol, and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). OBJECTIVE Based on a literature review, we propose the PaSTe regimen (Pantoprazole, Simvastatin, Trimetazidine) as a metabolic therapy for prostate cancer. Pantoprazole and simvastatin inhibit the enzymes fatty acid synthase (FASN) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl- coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), therefore, blocking the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol, respectively. In contrast, trimetazidine inhibits the enzyme 3-β-Ketoacyl- CoA thiolase (3-KAT), an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of fatty acids (FAO). It is known that the pharmacological or genetic depletion of any of these enzymes has antitumor effects in prostatic cancer. RESULTS Based on this information, we hypothesize that the PaSTe regimen will have increased antitumor effects and may impede the metabolic reprogramming shift. Existing knowledge shows that enzyme inhibition occurs at molar concentrations achieved in plasma at standard doses of these drugs. CONCLUSION We conclude that this regimen deserves to be preclinically evaluated because of its clinical potential for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Romo-Perez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alma D Chávez-Blanco
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aurora González-Fierro
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Dueñas-González
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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3
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Ma Q, Jiang H, Ma L, Zhao G, Xu Q, Guo D, He N, Liu H, Meng Z, Liu J, Zhu L, Lin Q, Wu X, Li M, Luo S, Fang J, Lu Z. The moonlighting function of glycolytic enzyme enolase-1 promotes choline phospholipid metabolism and tumor cell proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2209435120. [PMID: 37011206 PMCID: PMC10104498 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209435120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrantly upregulated choline phospholipid metabolism is a novel emerging hallmark of cancer, and choline kinase α (CHKα), a key enzyme for phosphatidylcholine production, is overexpressed in many types of human cancer through undefined mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that the expression levels of the glycolytic enzyme enolase-1 (ENO1) are positively correlated with CHKα expression levels in human glioblastoma specimens and that ENO1 tightly governs CHKα expression via posttranslational regulation. Mechanistically, we reveal that both ENO1 and the ubiquitin E3 ligase TRIM25 are associated with CHKα. Highly expressed ENO1 in tumor cells binds to I199/F200 of CHKα, thereby abrogating the interaction between CHKα and TRIM25. This abrogation leads to the inhibition of TRIM25-mediated polyubiquitylation of CHKα at K195, increased stability of CHKα, enhanced choline metabolism in glioblastoma cells, and accelerated brain tumor growth. In addition, the expression levels of both ENO1 and CHKα are associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma patients. These findings highlight a critical moonlighting function of ENO1 in choline phospholipid metabolism and provide unprecedented insight into the integrated regulation of cancer metabolism by crosstalk between glycolytic and lipidic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong266000, China
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong266000, China
| | - Leina Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong266000, China
| | - Gaoxiang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong266000, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong266000, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310029, China
| | - Ningning He
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong266000, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610041, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Meng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong266000, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong266000, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong266000, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong266000, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong266000, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong266003, China
| | - Min Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310029, China
| | - Shudi Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310029, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong266000, China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310029, China
- Zhejinag University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310029, China
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4
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Watson GA, Sanz-Garcia E, Zhang WJ, Liu ZA, Yang SC, Wang B, Liu S, Kubli S, Berman H, Pfister T, Genta S, Spreafico A, Hansen AR, Bedard PL, Lheureux S, Abdul Razak A, Cescon D, Butler MO, Xu W, Mak TW, Siu LL, Chen E. Increase in serum choline levels predicts for improved progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced cancers receiving pembrolizumab. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004378. [PMID: 35705312 PMCID: PMC9204435 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have demonstrated that T cells can induce vasodilation in a choline-acetyltransferase dependent manner, leading to an increase in T cell migration to infected tissues in response to viral infection, but its role in cancer is unclear. Choline acetyltransferase catalyzes the production of acetylcholine from choline and acetyl-CoA, however, acetylcholine is challenging to quantify due to its extremely short half-life while choline is stable. This study aims to correlate serum choline levels in patients with advanced solid tumors receiving pembrolizumab with treatment outcomes. Methods Blood samples were collected at baseline and at week 7 (pre-cycle 3) in patients treated with pembrolizumab in the INvestigator-initiated Phase 2 Study of Pembrolizumab Immunological Response Evaluation phase II trial (NCT02644369). Samples were analyzed for choline and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Multivariable Cox models were used to assess the association between choline and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) when including ΔctDNAC3 (the change in ctDNA from baseline to cycle 3), cohort, PD-L1 expression and tumor mutation burden (TMB). An independent validation cohort from the LIBERATE study (NCT03702309) included patients on early phase trials treated with a PD-1 inhibitor. Results A total of 106 pts were included in the analysis. With a median follow-up of 12.6 months, median PFS and OS were 1.9 and 13.7 months, respectively. An increase in serum choline level at week 7 compared with baseline (ΔcholineC3) in 81 pts was significantly associated with a better PFS (aHR 0.48, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.83, p=0.009), and a trend toward a better OS (aHR 0.64, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.12, p=0.119). A combination of ΔctDNAC3 and ΔcholineC3 was prognostic for both OS and PFS. Multivariable analyses show ΔcholineC3 was a prognostic factor for PFS independent of ΔctDNAC3, cohort, PD-L1 and TMB. In the independent validation cohort (n=51), an increase in serum choline at cycle 2 was associated with a trend to improved PFS. Conclusions This is the first exploratory report of serum choline levels in pan-cancer patients receiving pembrolizumab. The association between improved PFS and ΔcholineC3 suggests a possible role for the cholinergic system in the regulation of antitumor immunity. Further pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to validate this finding. Trial registration number NCT03702309.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Alan Watson
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Enrique Sanz-Garcia
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wen-Jiang Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhihui Amy Liu
- Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sy Cindy Yang
- Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ben Wang
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn Kubli
- Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hal Berman
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Pfister
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sofia Genta
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philippe L Bedard
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Lheureux
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Albiruni Abdul Razak
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dave Cescon
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lillian L Siu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Fan Z, Ma J, Pan X, Zhao L, Wu Y, Lin H, Zhao Y, Jiang H, Pan T, Li X, Wang F, Wang C. Crosstalk of FGFR1 signaling and choline metabolism promotes cell proliferation and survival in prostate cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2022; 150:1525-1536. [PMID: 34985768 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of ectopic type I fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR1) is a common feature of prostate cancer (PCa), the most frequently diagnostic cancer in men. However, how ectopic FGFR1 contributes to PCa progression is not well understood. In our study we showed that ablation of FGFR1 in DU145 human PCa cells changed the cell metabolite profile. Among the changes, the choline metabolism profile was the most significantly altered by FGFR1 ablation. Detailed characterization revealed that ablation of FGFR1 altered expression of multiple choline metabolism enzymes. Among the changes of FGFR1-regulated choline metabolic enzymes, downregulation of choline kinase α (CHKA) is the most prominent changes, which phosphorylates free choline to phosphocholine. Ablation of FGFR1 blunted the activity of choline to promote cell proliferation and survival. Furthermore, depletion of CHKA compromised FGF signaling activity in DU145 cells. We also first time demonstrated that FGFR1 formed complex with CHKA, suggesting that FGFR1 regulated CHKA at the posttranslational level. Together with the previous report that ectopic FGFR1 contributes to PCa progression and metastasis, our results here unravel a novel mechanism by which FGFR1 promotes PCa progression by dysregulating choline metabolism, and that the crosstalk between FGFR1-choline metabolism can be a potential target for managing PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jisheng Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuebo Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuying Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yidan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haowei Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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6
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Reichard CA, Naelitz BD, Wang Z, Jia X, Li J, Stampfer MJ, Klein EA, Hazen SL, Sharifi N. Gut Microbiome-Dependent Metabolic Pathways and Risk of Lethal Prostate Cancer: Prospective Analysis of a PLCO Cancer Screening Trial Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 31:192-199. [PMID: 34711629 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet and the gut microbiome have a complex interaction that generates metabolites with an unclear effect on lethal prostate cancer risk. Identification of modifiable risk factors for lethal prostate cancer is challenging given the long natural history of this disease and difficulty of prospectively identifying lethal cancers. METHODS Mass spectrometry was performed on baseline serum samples collected from 173 lethal prostate cancer cases and 519 controls enrolled in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening trial. Baseline serum levels of choline, carnitine, betaine, γ-butyrobetaine, crotonobetaine, phenylacetylglutamine, hippuric acid, and p-cresol sulfate were quantified and analyzed by quartile. Conditional multivariable logistic regression analysis associated analyte levels with lethal prostate cancer incidence after adjusting for body mass index and PSA. The Cochran-Armitage test evaluated analyte level trends across quartiles. RESULTS Relative to those in the first quartile, cases with the highest baseline levels of choline (Q4 OR: 2.19; 95% CI, 1.23-3.90; P-trend: 0.005) and betaine (Q4 OR: 1.86; 95% CI, 1.05-3.30; P-trend: 0.11) exhibited increased odds of developing lethal prostate cancer. Higher baseline serum levels of phenylacetylglutamine (Q4 OR: 2.55; 95% CI, 1.40-4.64; P-trend: 0.003), a gut microbiome metabolite of phenylalanine with adrenergic activity, were also associated with lethal prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS Baseline serum levels of one-carbon methyl donors and adrenergic compounds resulting from human and gut microbiota-mediated metabolism are associated with increased lethal prostate cancer risk. IMPACT Dietary composition, circulating metabolite levels, and downstream signaling pathways may represent modifiable risk factors associated with incident lethal prostate cancer. Beta-adrenergic blockade represents an additional target for oncologic risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A Reichard
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Urology of Indiana, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bryan D Naelitz
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Ohio
| | - Xun Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Ohio
| | - Jianbo Li
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric A Klein
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Ohio.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Ohio
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. .,Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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7
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Scaglia N, Frontini-López YR, Zadra G. Prostate Cancer Progression: as a Matter of Fats. Front Oncol 2021; 11:719865. [PMID: 34386430 PMCID: PMC8353450 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.719865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer (PCa) represents the fifth cause of cancer death worldwide. Although survival has improved with second-generation androgen signaling and Parp inhibitors, the benefits are not long-lasting, and new therapeutic approaches are sorely needed. Lipids and their metabolism have recently reached the spotlight with accumulating evidence for their role as promoters of PCa development, progression, and metastasis. As a result, interest in targeting enzymes/transporters involved in lipid metabolism is rapidly growing. Moreover, the use of lipogenic signatures to predict prognosis and resistance to therapy has been recently explored with promising results. Despite the well-known association between obesity with PCa lethality, the underlying mechanistic role of diet/obesity-derived metabolites has only lately been unveiled. Furthermore, the role of lipids as energy source, building blocks, and signaling molecules in cancer cells has now been revisited and expanded in the context of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is heavily influenced by the external environment and nutrient availability. Here, we describe how lipids, their enzymes, transporters, and modulators can promote PCa development and progression, and we emphasize the role of lipids in shaping TME. In a therapeutic perspective, we describe the ongoing efforts in targeting lipogenic hubs. Finally, we highlight studies supporting dietary modulation in the adjuvant setting with the purpose of achieving greater efficacy of the standard of care and of synthetic lethality. PCa progression is "a matter of fats", and the more we understand about the role of lipids as key players in this process, the better we can develop approaches to counteract their tumor promoter activity while preserving their beneficial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Scaglia
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata "Professor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), National University of La Plata/National Council of Scientific and Technical Research of Argentina, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Yesica Romina Frontini-López
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata "Professor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), National University of La Plata/National Council of Scientific and Technical Research of Argentina, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Giorgia Zadra
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia, Italy
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8
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Liu R, Lee JH, Li J, Yu R, Tan L, Xia Y, Zheng Y, Bian XL, Lorenzi PL, Chen Q, Lu Z. Choline kinase alpha 2 acts as a protein kinase to promote lipolysis of lipid droplets. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2722-2735.e9. [PMID: 34077757 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are important for cancer cell growth and survival. However, the mechanism underlying the initiation of lipid droplet lipolysis is not well understood. We demonstrate here that glucose deprivation induces the binding of choline kinase (CHK) α2 to lipid droplets, which is sequentially mediated by AMPK-dependent CHKα2 S279 phosphorylation and KAT5-dependent CHKα2 K247 acetylation. Importantly, CHKα2 with altered catalytic domain conformation functions as a protein kinase and phosphorylates PLIN2 at Y232 and PLIN3 at Y251. The phosphorylated PLIN2/3 dissociate from lipid droplets and are degraded by Hsc70-mediated autophagy, thereby promoting lipid droplet lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and brain tumor growth. In addition, levels of CHKα2 S279 phosphorylation, CHKα2 K247 acetylation, and PLIN2/3 phosphorylation are positively correlated with one another in human glioblastoma specimens and are associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma patients. These findings underscore the role of CHKα2 as a protein kinase in lipolysis and glioblastoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingyi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610051, China
| | - Rilei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Lin Tan
- The Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Neuro-Oncology and Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanhua Zheng
- Department of Neuro-Oncology and Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xue-Li Bian
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- The Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Qianming Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310029, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
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9
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Lacal JC, Zimmerman T, Campos JM. Choline Kinase: An Unexpected Journey for a Precision Medicine Strategy in Human Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:788. [PMID: 34070409 PMCID: PMC8226952 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline kinase (ChoK) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of choline to form phosphorylcholine (PCho) in the presence of ATP and magnesium. ChoK is required for the synthesis of key membrane phospholipids and is involved in malignant transformation in a large variety of human tumours. Active compounds against ChoK have been identified and proposed as antitumor agents. The ChoK inhibitory and antiproliferative activities of symmetrical bispyridinium and bisquinolinium compounds have been defined using quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) and structural parameters. The design strategy followed in the development of the most active molecules is presented. The selective anticancer activity of these structures is also described. One promising anticancer compound has even entered clinical trials. Recently, ChoKα inhibitors have also been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach against parasites, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory processes, and pathogenic bacteria. The evidence for ChoKα as a novel drug target for approaches in precision medicine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Lacal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, CSIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz, IDIPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tahl Zimmerman
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina University, 1601 East Market Street, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Joaquín M. Campos
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, c/Campus de Cartuja, s/n, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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10
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Pacheco-Torres J, Penet MF, Mironchik Y, Krishnamachary B, Bhujwalla ZM. The PD-L1 metabolic interactome intersects with choline metabolism and inflammation. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:10. [PMID: 33608051 PMCID: PMC7893974 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Harnessing the power of the immune system by using immune checkpoint inhibitors has resulted in some of the most exciting advances in cancer treatment. The full potential of this approach has, however, not been fully realized for treating many cancers such as pancreatic and breast cancer. Cancer metabolism influences many aspects of cancer progression including immune surveillance. An expanded understanding of how cancer metabolism can directly impact immune checkpoints may allow further optimization of immunotherapy. We therefore investigated, for the first time, the relationship between the overexpression of choline kinase-α (Chk-α), an enzyme observed in most cancers, and the expression of the immune checkpoint PD-L1. Methods We used small interfering RNA to downregulate Chk-α, PD-L1, or both in two triple-negative human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and SUM-149) and two human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines (Pa09C and Pa20C). The effects of the downregulation were studied at the genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels. The findings were compared with the results obtained by the analysis of public data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program. Results We identified an inverse dependence between Chk-α and PD-L1 at the genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels. We also found that prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) play an important role in this relationship. We independently confirmed this relationship in human cancers by analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program. Conclusions Our data identified previously unknown roles of PD-L1 in cancer cell metabolic reprogramming, and revealed the immunosuppressive increased PD-L1 effect of Chk-α downregulation. These data suggest that PD-L1 regulation of metabolism may be mediated through Chk-α, COX-2, and TGF-β. The observations provide new insights that can be applied to the rational design of combinatorial therapies targeting immune checkpoints and cancer metabolism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-021-00245-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Pacheco-Torres
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Rm 208C Traylor Building, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Marie-France Penet
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Rm 208C Traylor Building, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yelena Mironchik
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Rm 208C Traylor Building, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Rm 208C Traylor Building, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Rm 208C Traylor Building, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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11
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Das J, Barman Mandal S. Identification of Homo sapiens cancer classes based on fusion of hidden gene features. J Biomed Inform 2020; 110:103555. [PMID: 32916304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Classification of Homo sapiens cancer genes in molecular level is a challenging research issue as they are extremely pseudo random in nature. Signature gene features need to be exposed to distinctly identify the gene class. Tree-structured filter bank is chosen to perform feature extraction and dimension reduction of the genes. Extracted gene features are fused using Gaussian mixture probability distribution function and identify different cancer classes depending on amount of correlation and exploiting maximum likelihood function. The algorithm is tested on 161 sample gene data of 7 different cancer classes. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision and F-score are used as metrics to judge the performance of the system and ROC is plotted in comparison with existing electrical network model based classifier. The proposed classifier can identify more than stated number of cancer classes which is a major limitation of the existing electrical network based method. The proposed algorithm is validated by comparing the results with other seven existing image processing based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyshri Das
- Institute of Radio Physics & Electronics, University of Calcutta, India.
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12
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Dubash S, Inglese M, Mauri F, Kozlowski K, Trivedi P, Arshad M, Challapalli A, Barwick T, Al-Nahhas A, Stanbridge R, Lewanski C, Berry M, Bowen F, Aboagye EO. Spatial heterogeneity of radiolabeled choline positron emission tomography in tumors of patients with non-small cell lung cancer: first-in-patient evaluation of [ 18F]fluoromethyl-(1,2- 2H 4)-choline. Theranostics 2020; 10:8677-8690. [PMID: 32754271 PMCID: PMC7392021 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The spatio-molecular distribution of choline and its metabolites in tumors is highly heterogeneous. Due to regulation of choline metabolism by hypoxic transcriptional signaling and other survival factors, we envisage that detection of such heterogeneity in patient tumors could provide the basis for advanced localized therapy. However, non-invasive methods to assess this phenomenon in patients are limited. We investigated such heterogeneity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with [18F]fluoromethyl-(1,2-2H4) choline ([18F]D4-FCH) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Experimental design: [18F]D4-FCH (300.5±72.9MBq [147.60-363.6MBq]) was administered intravenously to 17 newly diagnosed NSCLC patients. PET/CT scans were acquired concurrently with radioactive blood sampling to permit mathematical modelling of blood-tissue transcellular rate constants. Comparisons were made with biopsy-derived choline kinase-α (CHKα) expression and diagnostic [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) scans. Results: Oxidation of [18F]D4-FCH to [18F]D4-fluorobetaine was suppressed (48.58±0.31% parent at 60 min) likely due to the deuterium isotope effect embodied within the design of the radiotracer. Early (5 min) and late (60 min) images showed specific uptake of tracer in all 51 lesions (tumors, lymph nodes and metastases) from 17 patients analyzed. [18F]D4-FCH-derived uptake (SUV60max) in index primary lesions (n=17) ranged between 2.87-10.13; lower than that of [18F]FDG PET [6.89-22.64]. Mathematical modelling demonstrated net irreversible uptake of [18F]D4-FCH at steady-state, and parametric mapping of the entire tumor showed large intratumorally heterogeneity in radiotracer retention, which is likely to have influenced correlations with biopsy-derived CHKα expression. Conclusions: [18F]D4-FCH is detectable in NSCLC with large intratumorally heterogeneity, which could be exploited in the future for targeting localized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraiya Dubash
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Marianna Inglese
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Mauri
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kasia Kozlowski
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Pritesh Trivedi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Mubarik Arshad
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology/Nuclear Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tara Barwick
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology/Nuclear Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adil Al-Nahhas
- Department of Radiology/Nuclear Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rex Stanbridge
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Conrad Lewanski
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Berry
- Department of Medicine and Integrated Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Bowen
- Department of Medicine and Integrated Care, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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13
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Jilg CA, Drendel V, Rischke HC, Beck TI, Reichel K, Krönig M, Wetterauer U, Schultze-Seemann W, Meyer PT, Vach W. Detection Rate of 18F-Choline PET/CT and 68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC PET/CT for Prostate Cancer Lymph Node Metastases with Direct Link from PET to Histopathology: Dependence on the Size of Tumor Deposits in Lymph Nodes. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:971-977. [PMID: 30683768 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.220541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate detection of prostate cancer lymph node metastases (LNM) through PET/CT before lymphadenectomy is crucial for successful therapy. PET/CT with choline derivatives used to be the standard tool for imaging metastases, whereas 68Ga-PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) PET/CT was introduced recently. Both PET techniques were investigated with respect to what extent the detection rate of LNM depends on the size of tumor deposits (TDs) within LNM. Methods: Documenting the switch from the use of 18F-choline to 68Ga-PSMA in 2014, we used 2 patient cohorts undergoing a template lymphadenectomy because of a PET/CT indicating LNM. Forty-four and 40 patients underwent PET/CT with 18F-choline or 68Ga-PSMA ligand, respectively. In total, 226 LNM (125 18F-choline, 101 68Ga-PSMA) originated from 73 salvage lymphadenectomies at biochemical recurrence and from 11 primary lymphadenectomies at radical prostatectomy. LNM eligible for direct correlation of PET/CT to histopathology were identified from lymphadenectomies conducted in small anatomic subregions, with 1 LNM (condition 1) or 1-2 LNM (condition 2). Longitudinal and short diameters of TD within LNM were determined by histopathology, allowing linking of the size of TD in LNM to the detection threshold of PET/CT. Diameters associated with a detection rate of 50% and 90% (d50%, d90%) were calculated on the basis of logistic growth curve models fitted. Results: Gleason score, number of removed LNs, and subregions for lymphadenectomy per patient did not differ significantly between the 18F-choline and 68Ga-PSMA groups. The median prostate-specific antigen level at imaging and number of LNM per patient were significantly higher in the 18F-choline group (3.4 ng/mL, n = 34) than in the 68Ga-PSMA group (2.2 ng/mL, n = 28; both P < 0.05). Longitudinal and short diameters of TD in LNM to reach d90% were 11.2 and 7.4 mm, respectively, for 18F-choline PET/CT and 6.3 and 4.9 mm, respectively, for 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT. Corresponding diameters to reach d50% were 5.5 and 3.3 mm, respectively, for 18F-choline PET/CT and 3.7 and 2.3 mm, respectively, for 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT. Detection rates were significantly higher under 68Ga-PSMA (P = 0.005 and 0.04 for longitudinal and short diameter). Conclusion: 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is superior to 18F-choline PET/CT in the detection of LNM. Whether those results will lead to an improved patient outcome after 68Ga-PSMA PET-guided therapy needs to be investigated by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordula A Jilg
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Drendel
- Institute for Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Christian Rischke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Teresa I Beck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Reichel
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Malte Krönig
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wetterauer
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schultze-Seemann
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp T Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Germany
| | - Werner Vach
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland; and.,Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine & Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Hu L, Wang RY, Cai J, Feng D, Yang GZ, Xu QG, Zhai YX, Zhang Y, Zhou WP, Cai QP. Overexpression of CHKA contributes to tumor progression and metastasis and predicts poor prognosis in colorectal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66660-66678. [PMID: 27556502 PMCID: PMC5341828 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of choline kinase alpha (CHKA) has been reported in a variety of human malignancies including colorectal carcinoma (CRC). However, the role of CHKA in the progression and prognosis of CRC remains unknown. In this study, we found that CHKA was frequently upregulated in CRC clinical samples and CRC-derived cell lines and was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.028), TNM stage (p = 0.009), disease recurrence (p = 0.004) and death (p < 0.001). Survival analyses indicated that patients with higher CHKA expression had a significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) than those with lower CHKA expression. Multivariate analyses confirmed that increased CHKA expression was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for CRC patients. In addition, combination of CHKA with TNM stage was a more powerful predictor of poor prognosis than either parameter alone. Functional study demonstrated that knockdown of CHKA expression profoundly suppressed the growth and metastasis of CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigation revealed that EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway was essential for mediating CHKA function. In conclusion, our results provide the first evidence that CHKA contributes to tumor progression and metastasis and may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.,Department of Gastrointestine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruo-Yu Wang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Zhen Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China
| | - Qing-Guo Xu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhai
- Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Ping Cai
- Department of Gastrointestine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Fischer PM. Approved and Experimental Small-Molecule Oncology Kinase Inhibitor Drugs: A Mid-2016 Overview. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:314-367. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Fischer
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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16
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Bagnoli M, Granata A, Nicoletti R, Krishnamachary B, Bhujwalla ZM, Canese R, Podo F, Canevari S, Iorio E, Mezzanzanica D. Choline Metabolism Alteration: A Focus on Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2016; 6:153. [PMID: 27446799 PMCID: PMC4916225 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with normal differentiated cells, cancer cells require a metabolic reprograming to support their high proliferation rates and survival. Aberrant choline metabolism is a fairly new metabolic hallmark reflecting the complex reciprocal interactions between oncogenic signaling and cellular metabolism. Alterations of the involved metabolic network may be sustained by changes in activity of several choline transporters as well as of enzymes such as choline kinase-alpha (ChoK-α) and phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipases C and D. Of note, the net outcome of these enzymatic alterations is an increase of phosphocholine and total choline-containing compounds, a "cholinic phenotype" that can be monitored in cancer by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This review will highlight the molecular basis for targeting this pathway in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), a highly heterogeneous and lethal malignancy characterized by late diagnosis, frequent relapse, and development of chemoresistance. Modulation of ChoK-α expression impairs only EOC but not normal ovarian cells, thus supporting the hypothesis that "cholinic phenotype" is a peculiar feature of transformed cells and indicating ChoK-α targeting as a novel approach to improve efficacy of standard EOC chemotherapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bagnoli
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - Anna Granata
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - Roberta Nicoletti
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Rossella Canese
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Franca Podo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Functional Genomics and Informatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Egidio Iorio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Delia Mezzanzanica
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori , Milan , Italy
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17
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Trousil S, Kaliszczak M, Schug Z, Nguyen QD, Tomasi G, Favicchio R, Brickute D, Fortt R, Twyman FJ, Carroll L, Kalusa A, Navaratnam N, Adejumo T, Carling D, Gottlieb E, Aboagye EO. The novel choline kinase inhibitor ICL-CCIC-0019 reprograms cellular metabolism and inhibits cancer cell growth. Oncotarget 2016; 7:37103-37120. [PMID: 27206796 PMCID: PMC5095062 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycerophospholipid phosphatidylcholine is the most abundant phospholipid species of eukaryotic membranes and essential for structural integrity and signaling function of cell membranes required for cancer cell growth. Inhibition of choline kinase alpha (CHKA), the first committed step to phosphatidylcholine synthesis, by the selective small-molecule ICL-CCIC-0019, potently suppressed growth of a panel of 60 cancer cell lines with median GI50 of 1.12 μM and inhibited tumor xenograft growth in mice. ICL-CCIC-0019 decreased phosphocholine levels and the fraction of labeled choline in lipids, and induced G1 arrest, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. Changes in phosphocholine cellular levels following treatment could be detected non-invasively in tumor xenografts by [18F]-fluoromethyl-[1,2-2H4]-choline positron emission tomography. Herein, we reveal a previously unappreciated effect of choline metabolism on mitochondria function. Comparative metabolomics demonstrated that phosphatidylcholine pathway inhibition leads to a metabolically stressed phenotype analogous to mitochondria toxin treatment but without reactive oxygen species activation. Drug treatment decreased mitochondria function with associated reduction of citrate synthase expression and AMPK activation. Glucose and acetate uptake were increased in an attempt to overcome the metabolic stress. This study indicates that choline pathway pharmacological inhibition critically affects the metabolic function of the cell beyond reduced synthesis of phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Trousil
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Maciej Kaliszczak
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Zachary Schug
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Quang-De Nguyen
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Giampaolo Tomasi
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rosy Favicchio
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Diana Brickute
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Robin Fortt
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Frazer J. Twyman
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Laurence Carroll
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Andrew Kalusa
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Naveenan Navaratnam
- Cellular Stress Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Thomas Adejumo
- Cellular Stress Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - David Carling
- Cellular Stress Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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