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Collinson RJ, Wilson L, Boey D, Ng ZY, Mirzai B, Chuah HS, Howman R, Grove CS, Malherbe JAJ, Leahy MF, Linden MD, Fuller KA, Erber WN, Guo BB. Transcription factor 3 is dysregulated in megakaryocytes in myelofibrosis. Platelets 2024; 35:2304173. [PMID: 38303515 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2024.2304173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factor 3 (TCF3) is a DNA transcription factor that modulates megakaryocyte development. Although abnormal TCF3 expression has been identified in a range of hematological malignancies, to date, it has not been investigated in myelofibrosis (MF). MF is a Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) that can arise de novo or progress from essential thrombocythemia [ET] and polycythemia vera [PV] and where dysfunctional megakaryocytes have a role in driving the fibrotic progression. We aimed to examine whether TCF3 is dysregulated in megakaryocytes in MPN, and specifically in MF. We first assessed TCF3 protein expression in megakaryocytes using an immunohistochemical approach analyses and showed that TCF3 was reduced in MF compared with ET and PV. Further, the TCF3-negative megakaryocytes were primarily located near trabecular bone and had the typical "MF-like" morphology as described by the WHO. Genomic analysis of isolated megakaryocytes showed three mutations, all predicted to result in a loss of function, in patients with MF; none were seen in megakaryocytes isolated from ET or PV marrow samples. We then progressed to transcriptomic sequencing of platelets which showed loss of TCF3 in MF. These proteomic, genomic and transcriptomic analyses appear to indicate that TCF3 is downregulated in megakaryocytes in MF. This infers aberrations in megakaryopoiesis occur in this progressive phase of MPN. Further exploration of this pathway could provide insights into TCF3 and the evolution of fibrosis and potentially lead to new preventative therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Collinson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Lynne Wilson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Darren Boey
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Zi Yun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Bob Mirzai
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Hun S Chuah
- Department of Haematology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Rockingham General Hospital, Rockingham, WA, Australia
| | - Rebecca Howman
- Department of Haematology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Nedlands Australia
| | - Carolyn S Grove
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Nedlands Australia
| | | | - Michael F Leahy
- Department of Haematology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew D Linden
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Fuller
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Wendy N Erber
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Belinda B Guo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Putative Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054497. [PMID: 36901933 PMCID: PMC10003516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are hematologic malignancies characterized by gene mutations that promote myeloproliferation and resistance to apoptosis via constitutively active signaling pathways, with Janus kinase 2-signal transducers and the activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) axis as a core part. Chronic inflammation has been described as a pivot for the development and advancement of MPNs from early stage cancer to pronounced bone marrow fibrosis, but there are still unresolved questions regarding this issue. The MPN neutrophils are characterized by upregulation of JAK target genes, they are in a state of activation and with deregulated apoptotic machinery. Deregulated neutrophil apoptotic cell death supports inflammation and steers them towards secondary necrosis or neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, a trigger of inflammation both ways. NETs in proinflammatory bone marrow microenvironment induce hematopoietic precursor proliferation, which has an impact on hematopoietic disorders. In MPNs, neutrophils are primed for NET formation, and even though it seems obvious for NETs to intervene in the disease progression by supporting inflammation, no reliable data are available. We discuss in this review the potential pathophysiological relevance of NET formation in MPNs, with the intention of contributing to a better understanding of how neutrophils and neutrophil clonality can orchestrate the evolution of a pathological microenvironment in MPNs.
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Petrucci G, Giaretta A, Ranalli P, Cavalca V, Dragani A, Porro B, Hatem D, Habib A, Tremoli E, Patrono C, Rocca B. Platelet thromboxane inhibition by low-dose aspirin in polycythemia vera: Ex vivo and in vivo measurements and in silico simulation. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:2958-2970. [PMID: 36200184 PMCID: PMC9747129 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-dose aspirin is currently recommended for patients with polycythemia vera (PV), a myeloproliferative neoplasm with increased risk of arterial and venous thromboses. Based on aspirin pharmacodynamics in essential thrombocythemia, a twice-daily regimen is recommended for patients with PV deemed at particularly high thrombotic risk. We investigated the effects of low-dose aspirin on platelet cyclooxygenase activity and in vivo platelet activation in 49 patients with PV, as assessed by serum thromboxane (TX) B2 and urinary TXA2 /TXB2 metabolite (TXM) measurements, respectively. A previously described pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic in silico model was used to simulate the degree of platelet TXA2 inhibition by once-daily (q.d.) and twice-daily (b.i.d.) aspirin, and to predict the effect of missing an aspirin dose during q.d. and b.i.d. regimens. Serum TXB2 averaged 8.2 (1.6-54.7) ng/ml and significantly correlated with the platelet count (γ = 0.39) and urinary TXM (γ = 0.52) in multivariable analysis. One-third of aspirin-treated patients with PV displayed less-than-maximal platelet TXB2 inhibition, and were characterized by significantly higher platelet counts and platelet-count corrected serum TXB2 than those with adequate inhibition. Eight patients with PV were sampled again after 12 ± 4 months, and had reproducible serum TXB2 and urinary TXM values. The in silico model predicted complete inhibition of platelet-derived TXB2 by b.i.d. aspirin, a prediction verified in a patient with PV with the highest TXB2 value while on aspirin q.d. and treated short-term with a b.i.d. regimen. In conclusion, one in three patients with PV on low-dose aspirin display less-than-maximal inhibition of platelet TXA2 production. Serum TXB2 measurement can be a valuable option to guide precision dosing of antiplatelet therapy in patients with PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Petrucci
- Department of Safety and Bioethics, Section of PharmacologyCatholic University School of MedicineRomeItaly
| | | | - Paola Ranalli
- Department of HematologyS. Spirito HospitalPescaraItaly
| | | | | | | | - Duaa Hatem
- Department of Safety and Bioethics, Section of PharmacologyCatholic University School of MedicineRomeItaly
| | - Aida Habib
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU HealthQatar UniversityDohaQatar
| | | | - Carlo Patrono
- Department of Safety and Bioethics, Section of PharmacologyCatholic University School of MedicineRomeItaly
| | - Bianca Rocca
- Department of Safety and Bioethics, Section of PharmacologyCatholic University School of MedicineRomeItaly
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Hui W, Zhang W, Liu C, Wan S, Sun W, Su L. Alterations of Signaling Pathways in Essential Thrombocythemia with Calreticulin Mutation. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:6231-6238. [PMID: 34393515 PMCID: PMC8357313 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s316919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Though mutations of the calreticulin (CALR) gene have been identified in essential thrombocythemia patients, the detailed mechanisms for CALR mutations have not been completely clarified. Our study is aimed at characterizing alteration of protein expression in ET patients with mutated CALRdel52 and further recognizing possible involvement of signaling pathways associated with CALR mutations. Patients and Methods Protein pathway array was performed to analyze the expression levels of proteins involved in various signaling pathways in peripheral blood neutrophils from 18 ET patients with mutated CALRdel52, 20 ET patients with JAK2V617F mutation and 20 controls. Results We found 20 proteins differentially expressed in ET patients with mutated CALRdel52 compared with healthy controls. These proteins were associated with molecular mechanisms of cancer in ingenuity pathways analysis (IPA) network. We identified top ten canonical pathways which including apoptotic pathways and cellular cytokine pathways might participate in pathogenesis of ET with mutated CALRdel52. Additionally, there were 8 proteins found to be dysregulated differently between ET patients with mutated CALRdel52 and those with JAK2V617F mutation. These proteins might be related to the unique signaling pathways activated by CALRdel52 mutation which were different to JAK/STATs pathway by JAK2V617F mutation. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that numerous alterations of signaling proteins and pathways in ET patients with mutated CALRdel52. These findings could help to gain insights into the pathological mechanisms of ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhan Hui
- Department of Hematology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Congyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Suigui Wan
- Department of Hematology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanling Sun
- Department of Hematology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Hematology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Schreier S, Triampo W. The Blood Circulating Rare Cell Population. What is it and What is it Good For? Cells 2020; 9:cells9040790. [PMID: 32218149 PMCID: PMC7226460 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood contains a diverse cell population of low concentration hematopoietic as well as non-hematopoietic cells. The majority of such rare cells may be bone marrow-derived progenitor and stem cells. This paucity of circulating rare cells, in particular in the peripheral circulation, has led many to believe that bone marrow as well as other organ-related cell egress into the circulation is a response to pathological conditions. Little is known about this, though an increasing body of literature can be found suggesting commonness of certain rare cell types in the peripheral blood under physiological conditions. Thus, the isolation and detection of circulating rare cells appears to be merely a technological problem. Knowledge about rare cell types that may circulate the blood stream will help to advance the field of cell-based liquid biopsy by supporting inter-platform comparability, making use of biological correct cutoffs and “mining” new biomarkers and combinations thereof in clinical diagnosis and therapy. Therefore, this review intends to lay ground for a comprehensive analysis of the peripheral blood rare cell population given the necessity to target a broader range of cell types for improved biomarker performance in cell-based liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schreier
- School of Bioinnovation and Bio-based Product Intelligence, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wannapong Triampo
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Azevedo AP, Silva SN, Reichert A, Lima F, Júnior E, Rueff J. Effects of polymorphic DNA genes involved in BER and caspase pathways on the clinical outcome of myeloproliferative neoplasms under treatment with hydroxyurea. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5243-5255. [PMID: 30320340 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influencing DNA repair capacity and apoptotic status may confer genetic predisposition to Philadelphia‑chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (PN‑MPNs), and influence therapeutic response and the clinical course. In the present study, whether SNPs in genes involved in apoptosis and the base excision repair (BER) pathway was evaluated. In addition, some known risk factors in PN‑MPNs that may influence survival and therapeutic response to hydroxyurea (HU) were analyzed, taking into account three items: Disease progression, predisposition to new non‑myeloid neoplasms and thrombotic events. The present study involved a total of 133 Caucasian Portuguese PN‑MPNs patients treated with HU, whereby 17 cases showed progression to myelofibrosis/leukemia, 11 developed new non‑myeloid neoplasms and 22 presented with thrombotic events. Progression to secondary myelofibrosis/leukemia is influenced by exposure to cytoreductive agents, and caspase and BER polymorphisms {globally, CASP8 3'untranslated region [odds ratio (OR)=0.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.08‑0.69], XRCC1 Arg194Trp [OR=3.58; 95% CI, 0.98‑13.01]; for essential thrombocythemia patients CASP9 Arg173His [OR=11.27; 95% CI, 1.13‑112.28], APEX1 Asp148Glu [OR=0.28; 95% CI, 0.74‑1.03], and XRCC1 Arg194Trp [OR=6.60; 95% CI, 1.60‑27.06]}. Moreover, globally caspase and BER polymorphisms influenced the development of new nonmyeloid malignancies [CASP8 Asp270His (OR=5.90; 95% CI, 1.42‑24.62) and XRCC1 Arg399Gln (OR=0.27; 95% CI, 0.07‑1.03)]. On the other hand, only the BER pathway had a role in the presence of thrombotic events [XRCC1 Gln399Arg (OR=0.35; 95% CI, 0.14‑0.88)]. JAK2 mutation had no influence on these complications. Larger studies are required to confirm these results, and to provide conclusive evidence of association between these and other variants with PN‑MPNs therapeutic response and clinical evolution. However, this study may allow the development of drugs more directly targeted to the pathophysiology of the disease, with high efficacy, fewer adverse effects, contributing to compliance of patients with treatments. The clinical indication for classical drugs, including HU, may be guided by variant genes, which may provide additional beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Azevedo
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (Toxomics), Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School/Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150‑082 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana N Silva
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (Toxomics), Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School/Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150‑082 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alice Reichert
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Hospital of São Francisco Xavier, West Lisbon Hospital Centre, 1449‑005 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Lima
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Hospital of São Francisco Xavier, West Lisbon Hospital Centre, 1449‑005 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Esmeraldina Júnior
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital of São Francisco Xavier, West Lisbon Hospital Centre, 1449‑005 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Rueff
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (Toxomics), Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School/Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150‑082 Lisbon, Portugal
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The Role of Caspase Genes Polymorphisms in Genetic Susceptibility to Philadelphia-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms in a Portuguese Population. Pathol Oncol Res 2018. [PMID: 29542026 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our main aim was to evaluate the role of caspases' genes SNPs in Philadelphia-chromosome negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (PN-MPNs) susceptibility. A case-control study in 133 Caucasian Portuguese PN-MPNs patients and 281 matched controls was carried out, studying SNPs in apoptosis related caspases: rs1045485 and rs1035142 (CASP8), rs1052576, rs2308950, rs1132312 and rs1052571 (CASP9), rs2227309 and rs2227310 (CASP7) and rs13006529 (CASP10). After stratification by pathology diagnosis for essential thrombocythemia (ET), female gender or JAK2 positive, there is a significant increased risk for those carrying at least one variant allele for CASP9 (C653T) polymorphism (OR 2.300 CI 95% [1.180-4.484], P = 0.014). However, when considered individually, none of the studied caspases polymorphisms was associated with PN-MPNs risk. Our results do not reveal a significant involvement of caspase genes polymorphisms on the individual susceptibility towards PN-MPNs as a whole. However, for essential thrombocythemia (ET), female gender or JAK2 positive, there is a significant increased risk to those carrying at least one variant allele for CASP9. Although larger studies are required to confirm these results and to provide conclusive evidence of association between these and other caspases variants and PN-MPNs susceptibility, these new data may contribute to a best knowledge of the pathophysiology of these disorders and, in the future, to a more rational and efficient choice of therapeutic strategies to be adopted in PN-MPNs treatment.
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Goethe E, Carter BZ, Rao G, Pemmaraju N. Glioblastoma and acute myeloid leukemia: malignancies with striking similarities. J Neurooncol 2017; 136:223-231. [PMID: 29196926 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2676-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and glioblastoma (GB) are two malignancies associated with high incidence of treatment refractoriness and generally, uniformly poor survival outcomes. While the former is a hematologic (i.e. a "liquid") malignancy and the latter a solid tumor, the two diseases share both clinical and biochemical characteristics. Both diseases exist predominantly in primary (de novo) forms, with only a small subset of each progressing from precursor disease states like the myelodysplastic syndromes or diffuse glioma. More importantly, the primary and secondary forms of each disease are characterized by common sets of mutations and gene expression abnormalities. The primary versions of AML and GB are characterized by aberrant RAS pathway, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and Bcl-2 expression, and their secondary counterparts share abnormalities in TP53, isocitrate dehydrogenase, ATRX, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, and survivin that both influence the course of the diseases themselves and their progression from precursor disease. An understanding of these shared features is important, as it can be used to guide both the research about and treatment of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Goethe
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bing Z Carter
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ganesh Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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