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Mohammadi M, Fazilat A, Mamalo AS, Ojarudi M, Hemmati-Dinarvand M, Beilankouhi EAV, Valilo M. Correlation of PTEN signaling pathway and miRNA in breast cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:221. [PMID: 38281224 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09191-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers among women and can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated on time. Various genetic and environmental factors play a significant role in the development and progression of BC. Within the body, different signaling pathways have been identified that contribute to cancer progression, or conversely, cancer prevention. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is one of the proteins that prevent cancer by inhibiting the oncogenic PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are molecules with about 18 to 28 base pairs, which regulate about 30% of human genes after transcription. miRNAs play a key role in the progression or prevention of cancer through different signaling pathway and mechanisms, e.g., apoptosis, angiogenesis, and proliferation. miRNAs, which are upstream mediators of PTEN, can reinforce or suppress the effect of PTEN signaling on BC cells, and suppressing the PTEN signaling, linked to weakness of the cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. However, the precise mechanism and function of miRNAs on PTEN in BC are not yet fully understood. Therefore, in the present study, has been focused on miRNAs regulating PTEN function in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fazilat
- Department of Genetics, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Ojarudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hemmati-Dinarvand
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Valilo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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2
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Kiełbowski K, Ptaszyński K, Wójcik J, Wojtyś ME. The role of selected non-coding RNAs in the biology of non-small cell lung cancer. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:121-137. [PMID: 36933328 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) represents 85% of all cases. Accumulating evidence highlights the outstanding role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in regulating the tumorigenesis process by modulating crucial signaling pathways. Micro RNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) are either up- or downregulated in lung cancer patients and can promote or suppress the progression of the disease. These molecules interact with messenger RNA (mRNA) and with each other to regulate gene expression and stimulate proto-oncogenes or silence tumor suppressors. NcRNAs provide a new strategy to diagnose or treat lung cancer patients and multiple molecules have already been identified as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence on the roles of miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA in NSCLC biology and present their clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Konrad Ptaszyński
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Janusz Wójcik
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Edyta Wojtyś
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
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3
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Mandys V, Popov A, Gürlich R, Havránek J, Pfeiferová L, Kolář M, Vránová J, Smetana K, Lacina L, Szabo P. Expression of Selected miRNAs in Normal and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and in BxPc3 and MIA PaCa-2 Cell Lines of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043617. [PMID: 36835029 PMCID: PMC9961675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains challenging, and the chances of a complete cure are very limited. As in other types of cancer, the expression and role of miRNAs in controlling the biological properties of this type of tumor have been extensively studied. A better insight into miRNA biology seems critical to refining diagnostics and improving their therapeutic potential. In this study, we focused on the expression of miR-21, -96, -196a, -210, and -217 in normal fibroblasts, cancer-associated fibroblasts prepared from a ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. We compared these data with miRNAs in homogenates of paraffin-embedded sections from normal pancreatic tissues. In cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancer cell lines, miRNAs differed significantly from the normal tissue. In detail, miR-21 and -210 were significantly upregulated, while miR-217 was downregulated. Similar transcription profiles were earlier reported in cancer-associated fibroblasts exposed to hypoxia. However, the cells in our study were cultured under normoxic conditions. We also noted a relation to IL-6 production. In conclusion, cultured cancer-associated fibroblasts and carcinoma cells reflect miR-21 and -210 expression similarly to the cancer tissue samples harvested from the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Mandys
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexey Popov
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Gürlich
- Department of Surgery, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Havránek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Informatics and Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Pfeiferová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Informatics and Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kolář
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Informatics and Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vránová
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Smetana
- First Faculty of Medicine, BIOCEV, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Lacina
- First Faculty of Medicine, BIOCEV, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department Dermatovenereology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Szabo
- First Faculty of Medicine, BIOCEV, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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4
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Fang B, Zhang K, Zhang J, Chen Z, Xuan Y, Huang H. Mechanical strain regulates osteoclastogenesis via modulating the PTEN/PI3K/Akt signal pathway through miR-21. Cytotechnology 2022; 74:65-75. [PMID: 35185286 PMCID: PMC8816981 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical strain regulated osteoclastic differentiation and angiogenesis are crucial for bone modeling and remodeling, and previous data indicate that high-magnitude strain within physiological load regulates osteoclastic differentiation. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. In the present study, the RAW264.7 mouse monocyte/macrophage was used as an osteoclast precursor, and the bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were isolated and cultured in vitro. The above cells were subjected to macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) for the induction of osteoclast differentiation. Subsequently, the above cells were stretched by differential strain magnitudes to simulate the mechanical stimuli in the physiological conditions, and we found that low-magnitude strain (100 με) increased the expression levels of Acp5, Clcn7, MMP9 and Ctsk to promote osteoclastogenesis, while high-magnitude strain (3000 με) had opposite effects. In addition, we noticed that high-magnitude strain upregulated PTEN to inactivate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and silencing of PTEN abrogated the suppressing effects of high-magnitude strain on osteoclastic differentiation. Next, we screened out that high-magnitude strain downregulated miR-21 to promote PTEN expressions in a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)-dependent manner. Finally, upregulation of miR-21 recovered osteoclastic differentiation in RAW264.7 and BMMs cells stimulated with high-magnitude strain. Collectively, our findings suggested that high-magnitude mechanical strain affected osteoclastic differentiation through modulating the miR-21/PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling cascade, which provided potential strategies for the treatment of bone-related diseases. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-021-00507-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Fang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, No. 1 Huayu Road, Keqiao District, Shaoxing City, 312030 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Kailong Zhang
- Beijing Zhongwei Research Center of biological and translational medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Zhongwei Research Center of biological and translational medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenda Chen
- Beijing Zhongwei Research Center of biological and translational medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxin Xuan
- Beijing Zhongwei Research Center of biological and translational medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Yiwu Central Hospital, No. 519 Nan Men Street, Yiwu City, 322000 Zhejiang Province China
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Hassanein SS, Ibrahim SA, Abdel-Mawgood AL. Cell Behavior of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Is at EGFR and MicroRNAs Hands. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12496. [PMID: 34830377 PMCID: PMC8621388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a complex disease associated with gene mutations, particularly mutations of Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are the two major types of lung cancer. The former includes most lung cancers (85%) and are commonly associated with EGFR mutations. Several EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), including erlotinib, gefitinib, and osimertinib, are effective therapeutic agents in EGFR-mutated NSCLC. However, their effectiveness is limited by the development (acquired) or presence of intrinsic drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key gene regulators that play a profound role in the development and outcomes for NSCLC via their role as oncogenes or oncosuppressors. The regulatory role of miRNA-dependent EGFR crosstalk depends on EGFR signaling pathway, including Rat Sarcoma/Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 (Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK1/2), Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT), Nuclear Factor Kappa-Light-Chain-Enhancer of Activated B Cells (NF-kB), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), and growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2). Dysregulated expression of miRNAs affects sensitivity to treatment with EGFR-TKIs. Thus, abnormalities in miRNA-dependent EGFR crosstalk can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as therapeutic targets in NSCLC. In this review, we present an overview of miRNA-dependent EGFR expression regulation, which modulates the behavior and progression of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sayed Hassanein
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | | | - Ahmed Lotfy Abdel-Mawgood
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
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6
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Smolarz M, Widlak P. Serum Exosomes and Their miRNA Load-A Potential Biomarker of Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061373. [PMID: 33803617 PMCID: PMC8002857 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of lung cancer in screening programs is a rational way to reduce mortality associated with this malignancy. Low-dose computed tomography, a diagnostic tool used in lung cancer screening, generates a relatively large number of false-positive results, and its complementation with molecular biomarkers would greatly improve the effectiveness of such programs. Several biomarkers of lung cancer based on different components of blood, including miRNA signatures, were proposed. However, only a few of them have been positively validated in the context of early cancer detection yet, which imposes a constant need for new biomarker candidates. An emerging source of cancer biomarkers are exosomes and other types of extracellular vesicles circulating in body fluids. Hence, different molecular components of serum/plasma-derived exosomes were tested and showed different levels in lung cancer patients and healthy individuals. Several studies focused on the miRNA component of these vesicles. Proposed signatures of exosome miRNA had promising diagnostic value, though none of them have yet been clinically validated. These signatures involved a few dozen miRNA species overall, including a few species that recurred in different signatures. It is worth noting that all these miRNA species have cancer-related functions and have been associated with lung cancer progression. Moreover, a few of them, including known oncomirs miR-17, miR-19, miR-21, and miR-221, appeared in multiple miRNA signatures of lung cancer based on both the whole serum/plasma and serum/plasma-derived exosomes.
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Small in Size, but Large in Action: microRNAs as Potential Modulators of PTEN in Breast and Lung Cancers. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020304. [PMID: 33670518 PMCID: PMC7922700 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well-known regulators of biological mechanisms with a small size of 19–24 nucleotides and a single-stranded structure. miRNA dysregulation occurs in cancer progression. miRNAs can function as tumor-suppressing or tumor-promoting factors in cancer via regulating molecular pathways. Breast and lung cancers are two malignant thoracic tumors in which the abnormal expression of miRNAs plays a significant role in their development. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a tumor-suppressor factor that is capable of suppressing the growth, viability, and metastasis of cancer cells via downregulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling. PTEN downregulation occurs in lung and breast cancers to promote PI3K/Akt expression, leading to uncontrolled proliferation, metastasis, and their resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. miRNAs as upstream mediators of PTEN can dually induce/inhibit PTEN signaling in affecting the malignant behavior of lung and breast cancer cells. Furthermore, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs can regulate the miRNA/PTEN axis in lung and breast cancer cells. It seems that anti-tumor compounds such as baicalein, propofol, and curcumin can induce PTEN upregulation by affecting miRNAs in suppressing breast and lung cancer progression. These topics are discussed in the current review with a focus on molecular pathways.
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8
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Li B, Zhang F, Li H. miR-1225-5p inhibits non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and may be a prognostic biomarker. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:172. [PMID: 33101465 PMCID: PMC7579767 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a malignant tumor, which presents with a high 5-year mortality rate owing to the lack of an effective early screening tool and the absence of obvious early symptoms. MicroRNAs (miRs/miRNAs) have attracted increasing attention due to their significant clinical value in the diagnosis and prognosis of various human malignancies. The present study aimed to investigate the expression levels of microRNA (miR)-1225-5p in NSCLC and to analyze its prognostic value and biological role. The expression levels of miR-1225-5p in the tissues of patients with NSCLC and NSCLC cell lines were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The association between miR-1225-5p expression levels and the clinicopathological features of patients with NSCLC was analyzed using a χ2 test. The prognostic value of miR-1225-5p in NSCLC was analyzed using both Kaplan Meier survival and Cox regression analyses, and the effects of miR-1225-5p on NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion were examined. The results revealed that the expression levels of miR-1225-5p were significantly downregulated in NSCLC tissues compared with normal control tissues. Furthermore, miR-1225-5p was discovered to be a potential independent prognostic factor in NSCLC. The inhibition of miR-1225-5p in NSCLC cell lines led to increased cell proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas miR-1225-5p overexpression exerted the opposite effects in these cells. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that the downregulated expression levels of miR-1225-5p in NSCLC may predict a poor prognosis in patients and suggested miR-1225-5p as a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shouguang People's Hospital, Shouguang, Shandong 262700, P.R. China
| | - Fengmin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shouguang People's Hospital, Shouguang, Shandong 262700, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Public Health, Shouguang People's Hospital, Shouguang, Shandong 262700, P.R. China
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Zhang Y, Shan C, Chen Y, Sun S, Liu D, Zhang X, Zhang S. CircDENND2A Promotes Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Progression via Regulating MiR-34a/CCNE1 Signaling. Front Genet 2020; 11:987. [PMID: 33033491 PMCID: PMC7490337 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism regulating non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the roles of DENN domain containing 2A (circDENND2A) in the progression of NSCLC. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are composited by “head to tail” splicing of coding or non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), whose crucial roles in human cancers had been revealed. CircDENND2A, a new circRNA, was revealed to induce cell proliferation and migration. Our data indicated that circDENND2A was a probable oncogene in human cancers. However, the roles of circDENND2A in NSCLC remained unknown. Here, we demonstrated that circDENND2A was down-regulated in NSCLC samples. Loss-of-function assays showed circDENND2A knockdown suppressed cell growth via inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and inhibited cell migration and invasion. Bioinformatics analysis and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network analysis revealed that circDENND2A was involved in regulating cell cycle and tumor protein p53 (TP53) signaling via miR-34a/CCNE1 (cyclin E1). Further validation showed that circDENND2A could directly bind to miR-34a, promoting CCNE1 expression in NSCLC. In addition, rescue assays demonstrated that restoration of CCNE1 significantly impaired the suppressive effects of circDENND2A silencing in terms of NSCLC growth, migration, and invasion. We thought this study indicated that circDENND2A/miR-34a/CCNE1 may be a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinbin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changyou Shan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yinxi Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Shi ZY, Yang XX, Malichewe C, Li YS, Guo XL. Exosomal microRNAs-mediated intercellular communication and exosome-based cancer treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:530-541. [PMID: 32360962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of about 30 to 100 nm, which play a crucial role in intercellular communication. Compared with normal cells, the release rate of tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) significantly increased, and exosomal contents, especially microRNAs (miRNAs), greatly changed. TDEs contribute to the proliferation, metastasis and resistance of tumor cells, regulate immune response and tumor autophagy, and mediate tumor-stroma communication. In addition, exosomes may be involved in tumor complications. In view of the role of exosomes in intercellular communication, exosomes have been developed as tumor biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and drug delivery systems for tumor diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Despite the many advantages of exosomes, there are many challenges in exosomal development and application, such as incomprehensive understanding of biological functions, safety and specificity for therapeutic use. This article reviews the biogenesis of TDEs and focuses on the role of exosomal miRNAs in intercellular communication and exosome-based treatment for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yu Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xia Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - ChristinaYallen Malichewe
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Ying-Shuang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Xiu-Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China..
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