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Wang J, Tannous BA, Poznansky MC, Chen H. CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 (plerixafor): From an impurity to a therapeutic agent. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:105010. [PMID: 32544428 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AMD3100 (plerixafor), a CXCR4 antagonist, has opened a variety of avenues for potential therapeutic approaches in different refractory diseases. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis and its signaling pathways are involved in diverse disorders including HIV-1 infection, tumor development, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, WHIM Syndrome, and so on. The mechanisms of action of AMD3100 may relate to mobilizing hematopoietic stem cells, blocking infection of X4 HIV-1, increasing circulating neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes, reducing myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and enhancing cytotoxic T-cell infiltration in tumors. Here, we first revisit the pharmacological discovery of AMD3100. We then review monotherapy of AMD3100 and combination use of AMD3100 with other agents in various diseases. Among those, we highlight the perspective of AMD3100 as an immunomodulator to regulate immune responses particularly in the tumor microenvironment and synergize with other therapeutics. All the pre-clinical studies support the clinical testing of the monotherapy and combination therapies with AMD3100 and further development for use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhe Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mark C Poznansky
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Huabiao Chen
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Li F, Xu X, Geng J, Wan X, Dai H. The autocrine CXCR4/CXCL12 axis contributes to lung fibrosis through modulation of lung fibroblast activity. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:1844-1854. [PMID: 32104240 PMCID: PMC7027131 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4/C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12 (CXCR4/CXCL12) axis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. However, the mechanisms governing this remain to be determined. The current study demonstrated that human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) exhibit high CXCL12 expression and also exhibit high expression of its corresponding receptor CXCR4. Exogenous CXCL12 was revealed to significantly promote the migration and proliferation of HLFs, and potentiate CXCR4 expression. These effects were demonstrated to be inhibited by AMD3100, which is an antagonist of CXCR4. Lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid CXCR4 and CXCL12 expression was upregulated by in vivo bleomycin administration, which was partially inhibited by pre-treatment with AMD3100. AMD3100 also reduced lung collagen content in the bleomycin model. Inhibiting CXCR4 was indicated to ameliorate the lung compliance and resistance of pulmonary fibrosis. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that autocrine CXCR4/CXCL12 axis is an important mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and may serve as a potential therapeutic target that can be used in the treatment of pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing An-Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing An-Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jing Geng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Wan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Huaping Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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