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Rajagopal D, MacLeod E, Corogeanu D, Vessillier S. Immune-related adverse events of antibody-based biological medicines in cancer therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18470. [PMID: 38963257 PMCID: PMC11223167 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant antibodies (Abs) are an integral modality for the treatment of multiple tumour malignancies. Since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of rituximab as the first monoclonal antibody (mAb) for cancer treatment, several mAbs and antibody (Ab)-based therapies have been approved for the treatment of solid tumour malignancies and other cancers. These Abs function by either blocking oncogenic pathways or angiogenesis, modulating immune response, or by delivering a conjugated drug. The use of Ab-based therapy in cancer patients who could benefit from the treatment, however, is still limited by associated toxicity profiles which may stem from biological features and processes related to target binding, alongside biochemical and/or biophysical characteristics of the therapeutic Ab. A significant immune-related adverse event (irAE) associated with Ab-based therapies is cytokine release syndrome (CRS), characterized by the development of fever, rash and even marked, life-threatening hypotension, and acute inflammation with secondary to systemic uncontrolled increase in a range of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we review irAEs associated with specific classes of approved, Ab-based novel cancer immunotherapeutics, namely immune checkpoint (IC)-targeting Abs, bispecific Abs (BsAbs) and Ab-drug-conjugates (ADCs), highlighting the significance of harmonization in preclinical assay development for safety assessment of Ab-based biotherapeutics as an approach to support and refine clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Rajagopal
- Immunotherapy, Biotherapeutics and Advanced Therapies Division, Science, Research, and Innovation Group, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)HertfordshireUK
| | - Elliot MacLeod
- Immunotherapy, Biotherapeutics and Advanced Therapies Division, Science, Research, and Innovation Group, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)HertfordshireUK
- Present address:
Gilead Sciences, Winchester HouseOxfordUK
| | - Diana Corogeanu
- Immunotherapy, Biotherapeutics and Advanced Therapies Division, Science, Research, and Innovation Group, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)HertfordshireUK
- Present address:
East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Conquest HospitalEast SussexUK
| | - Sandrine Vessillier
- Immunotherapy, Biotherapeutics and Advanced Therapies Division, Science, Research, and Innovation Group, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)HertfordshireUK
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2
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Murtadha M, Park M, Zhu Y, Caserta E, Napolitano O, Tandoh T, Moloudizargari M, Pozhitkov A, Singer M, Dona AA, Vahed H, Gonzalez A, Ly K, Ouyang C, Sanchez JF, Nigam L, Duplan A, Chowdhury A, Ghoda L, Li L, Zhang B, Krishnan A, Marcucci G, Williams JC, Pichiorri F. A CD38-directed, single-chain T-cell engager targets leukemia stem cells through IFN-γ-induced CD38 expression. Blood 2024; 143:1599-1615. [PMID: 38394668 PMCID: PMC11103097 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Treatment resistance of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) and suppression of the autologous immune system represent major challenges to achieve a cure in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although AML blasts generally retain high levels of surface CD38 (CD38pos), LSCs are frequently enriched in the CD34posCD38neg blast fraction. Here, we report that interferon gamma (IFN-γ) reduces LSCs clonogenic activity and induces CD38 upregulation in both CD38pos and CD38neg LSC-enriched blasts. IFN-γ-induced CD38 upregulation depends on interferon regulatory factor 1 transcriptional activation of the CD38 promoter. To leverage this observation, we created a novel compact, single-chain CD38-CD3 T-cell engager (BN-CD38) designed to promote an effective immunological synapse between CD38pos AML cells and both CD8pos and CD4pos T cells. We demonstrate that BN-CD38 engages autologous CD4pos and CD8pos T cells and CD38pos AML blasts, leading to T-cell activation and expansion and to the elimination of leukemia cells in an autologous setting. Importantly, BN-CD38 engagement induces the release of high levels of IFN-γ, driving the expression of CD38 on CD34posCD38neg LSC-enriched blasts and their subsequent elimination. Critically, although BN-CD38 showed significant in vivo efficacy across multiple disseminated AML cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models, it did not affect normal hematopoietic stem cell clonogenicity and the development of multilineage human immune cells in CD34pos humanized mice. Taken together, this study provides important insights to target and eliminate AML LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Murtadha
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Miso Park
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Yinghui Zhu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Enrico Caserta
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Ottavio Napolitano
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Theophilus Tandoh
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Milad Moloudizargari
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Alex Pozhitkov
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Mahmoud Singer
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Ada Alice Dona
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Hawa Vahed
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Asaul Gonzalez
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Kevin Ly
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Ching Ouyang
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - James F. Sanchez
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Lokesh Nigam
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Amanda Duplan
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Arnab Chowdhury
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Lucy Ghoda
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Amrita Krishnan
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - John C. Williams
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Flavia Pichiorri
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Judy and Bernard Briskin Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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Calviño C, Ceballos C, Alfonso A, Jauregui P, Calleja-Cervantes ME, San Martin-Uriz P, Rodriguez-Marquez P, Martin-Mallo A, Iglesias E, Abizanda G, Rodriguez-Diaz S, Martinez-Turrillas R, Illarramendi J, Viguria MC, Redondo M, Rifon J, Villar S, Lasarte JJ, Inoges S, Lopez-Diaz de Cerio A, Hernaez M, Prosper F, Rodriguez-Madoz JR. Optimization of universal allogeneic CAR-T cells combining CRISPR and transposon-based technologies for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270843. [PMID: 37795087 PMCID: PMC10546312 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the potential of CAR-T therapies for hematological malignancies, their efficacy in patients with relapse and refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia has been limited. The aim of our study has been to develop and manufacture a CAR-T cell product that addresses some of the current limitations. We initially compared the phenotype of T cells from AML patients and healthy young and elderly controls. This analysis showed that T cells from AML patients displayed a predominantly effector phenotype, with increased expression of activation (CD69 and HLA-DR) and exhaustion markers (PD1 and LAG3), in contrast to the enriched memory phenotype observed in healthy donors. This differentiated and more exhausted phenotype was also observed, and corroborated by transcriptomic analyses, in CAR-T cells from AML patients engineered with an optimized CAR construct targeting CD33, resulting in a decreased in vivo antitumoral efficacy evaluated in xenograft AML models. To overcome some of these limitations we have combined CRISPR-based genome editing technologies with virus-free gene-transfer strategies using Sleeping Beauty transposons, to generate CAR-T cells depleted of HLA-I and TCR complexes (HLA-IKO/TCRKO CAR-T cells) for allogeneic approaches. Our optimized protocol allows one-step generation of edited CAR-T cells that show a similar phenotypic profile to non-edited CAR-T cells, with equivalent in vitro and in vivo antitumoral efficacy. Moreover, genomic analysis of edited CAR-T cells revealed a safe integration profile of the vector, with no preferences for specific genomic regions, with highly specific editing of the HLA-I and TCR, without significant off-target sites. Finally, the production of edited CAR-T cells at a larger scale allowed the generation and selection of enough HLA-IKO/TCRKO CAR-T cells that would be compatible with clinical applications. In summary, our results demonstrate that CAR-T cells from AML patients, although functional, present phenotypic and functional features that could compromise their antitumoral efficacy, compared to CAR-T cells from healthy donors. The combination of CRISPR technologies with transposon-based delivery strategies allows the generation of HLA-IKO/TCRKO CAR-T cells, compatible with allogeneic approaches, that would represent a promising option for AML treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Aged
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Calviño
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Candela Ceballos
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Alfonso
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Jauregui
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria E. Calleja-Cervantes
- Hemato-Oncology Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Computational Biology Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Paula Rodriguez-Marquez
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hemato-Oncology Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Angel Martin-Mallo
- Hemato-Oncology Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Iglesias
- Hemato-Oncology Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gloria Abizanda
- Hemato-Oncology Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Rebeca Martinez-Turrillas
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hemato-Oncology Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jorge Illarramendi
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria C. Viguria
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Margarita Redondo
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose Rifon
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Villar
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan J. Lasarte
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Susana Inoges
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ascension Lopez-Diaz de Cerio
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mikel Hernaez
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Computational Biology Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Institute (DATAI), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hemato-Oncology Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan R. Rodriguez-Madoz
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hemato-Oncology Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Cancer Center Clinica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
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4
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Weaver DF. Druggable targets for the immunopathy of Alzheimer's disease. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1645-1661. [PMID: 37731705 PMCID: PMC10507808 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00096f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the leading threats to the health and socioeconomic well-being of humankind. Though research to develop disease modifying therapies for AD has traditionally focussed on the misfolding and aggregation of proteins, this approach has failed to yield a definitively curative agent. Accordingly, the search for additional or alternative approaches is a medicinal chemistry priority. Dysfunction of the brain's neuroimmune-neuroinflammation axis has emerged as a leading contender. Neuroimmunity however is mechanistically complex, rendering the recognition of candidate receptors a challenging task. Herein, a review of the role of neuroimmunity in the biomolecular pathogenesis of AD is presented with the identification of a 'druggable dozen' targets; in turn, each identified target represents one or more discrete receptors centred on a common biochemical mechanism. The druggable dozen is composed of both cellular and molecular messenger targets, with a 'targetable ten' microglial targets as well as two cytokine-based targets. For each target, the underlying molecular basis, with a consideration of strengths and weaknesses, is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 60 Leonard Avenue Toronto ON M5T 0S8 Canada
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5
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Liu S, Wang Y. Diagnosis and management of adult central nervous system leukemia. BLOOD SCIENCE 2023; 5:141-149. [PMID: 37546706 PMCID: PMC10400053 DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system leukemia (CNSL) is a prominent infiltration reason for therapy failing in acute leukemia. Recurrence rates and the prognosis have alleviated with current prophylactic regimens. However, the accurate stratification of relapse risk and treatment regimens for relapsed or refractory patients remain clinical challenges yet to be solved. Recently, with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cellular therapy showing encouraging effects in some CNSL patients, advances in treating CNSL have already been reported. The development of molecular targeted agents as well as antibody-based drugs will provide patients with more personalized treatment. This article summarized recent research developments about risk factors, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment in adults with CNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
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6
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Espinosa-Cotton M, Guo HF, Cheung NKV. Tracking Bispecific Antibody-Induced T Cell Trafficking Using Luciferase-Transduced Human T Cells. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/64390. [PMID: 37246883 PMCID: PMC10999115 DOI: 10.3791/64390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (T-BsAbs) are in various stages of preclinical development and clinical testing for solid tumors. Factors such as valency, spatial arrangement, interdomain distance, and Fc mutations affect the anti-tumor efficacy of these therapies, commonly by influencing the homing of T cells to tumors, which remains a major challenge. Here, we describe a method to transduce activated human T cells with luciferase, allowing in vivo tracking of T cells during T-BsAb therapy studies. The ability of T-BsAbs to redirect T cells to tumors can be quantitatively evaluated at multiple time points during treatment, allowing researchers to correlate the anti-tumor efficacy of T-BsAbs and other interventions with the persistence of T cells in tumors. This method alleviates the need to sacrifice animals during treatment to histologically assess T cell infiltration and can be repeated at multiple time points to determine the kinetics of T cell trafficking during and after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong-Fen Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
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7
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Shi H, Gao L, Zhang W, Jiang M. Identification and validation of a siglec-based and aging-related 9-gene signature for predicting prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia patients. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:284. [PMID: 35854240 PMCID: PMC9295398 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of highly heterogenous and aggressive blood cancer. Despite recent progress in its diagnosis and treatment, patient outcome is variable and drug resistance results in increased mortality. The siglec family plays an important role in tumorigenesis and aging. Increasing age is a risk factor for AML and cellular aging contributes to leukemogenesis via various pathways. Methods The differential expression of the siglec family was compared between 151 AML patients and 70 healthy controls, with their information downloaded from TCGA and GTEx databases, respectively. How siglec expression correlated to AML patient clinical features, immune cell infiltration, drug resistance and survival outcome was analyzed. Differentially expressed genes in AML patients with low- and high-expressed siglec9 and siglec14 were analyzed and functionally enriched. The aging-related gene set was merged with the differentially expressed genes in AML patients with low and high expression of siglec9, and merged genes were subjected to lasso regression analysis to construct a novel siglec-based and aging-related prognostic model. The prediction model was validated using a validation cohort from GEO database (GSE106291). Results The expression levels of all siglec members were significantly altered in AML. The expression of siglecs was significantly correlated with AML patient clinical features, immune cell infiltration, drug resistance, and survival outcome. Based on the differentially expressed genes and aging-related gene set, we developed a 9-gene prognostic model and decision curve analysis revealed the net benefit generated by our prediction model. The siglec-based and aging-related 9-gene prognostic model was tested using a validation data set, in which AML patients with higher risk scores had significantly reduced survival probability. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve and nomogram were plotted and showed the diagnostic accuracy and predictive value of our 9-gene prognostic model, respectively. Conclusions Overall, our study indicates the important role of siglec family in AML and the good performance of our novel siglec-based and aging-related 9-gene signature in predicting AML patient outcome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-022-04841-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Shi
- Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Gao
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215131, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Lin TY, Park JA, Long A, Guo HF, Cheung NKV. Novel potent anti-STEAP1 bispecific antibody to redirect T cells for cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003114. [PMID: 34497115 PMCID: PMC8438958 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis for metastatic Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (EFT) is still poor despite high-dose chemotherapy and radiation treatment. Immunotherapies hold promise, but cancer antigen-targeting immunotherapies have largely failed to induce effective T cell receptor-mediated antitumor response. However, T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (T-BsAbs) have yet to be adequately explored. METHODS Rehumanized STEAP1-IgG was used to build T-BsAb (named BC261) using the 2+2 IgG-[L]-scFv platform carrying the anti-CD3 huOKT3 scFv as the second specificity. Its binding epitope mapping, species cross-reactivity, tumor cell line staining, and in vitro cytotoxicity were investigated thoroughly. Its potency in driving tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was quantified using bioluminescence, correlated with in vivo antitumor response against cell line-derived or patient-derived xenografts (CDXs or PDXs) and compared with anti-STEAP1 T-BsAbs built on representative antibody platforms. RESULTS BC261 binding epitope was mapped to its second extracellular domain of STEAP1 shared among canine and primate orthologs. BC261 induced potent cytotoxicity against panels of EFT, prostate cancer, and canine osteosarcoma cell lines despite their low antigen density. BC261 drove significantly more TILs into tumors (30-fold) and exerted superior antitumor effects compared with the other standard BsAb platforms. The antitumor efficacy of BC261 was consistent against EFT and prostate cancer CDXs and PDXs. CONCLUSIONS BC261 was highly efficient in driving T cell infiltration and tumor ablation. Either as stand-alone therapeutics or for ex vivo armed T cells, this novel anti-STEAP1 T-BsAb BC261 has therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yi Lin
- Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeong A Park
- Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alan Long
- Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hong-Fen Guo
- Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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